The foramen ovale (FO) is an important intra-atrium communication in fetuses.FO restriction or closure in fetuses with or without congenital heart defects can cause hemodynamics abnormality in utero.Fetal echocardiography plays an irreplaceable role in diagnosis of disease about FO.Progresses of ultrasound in fetuses with restricted or premature closed FO were reviewed in this article.

Proximal transparent cap of endoscope has an important effect in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, including endoscopic submucosal tumor ligation, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic removal of foreign body, endoscopic variceal ligation and sclerotherapy, endoscopic submucosal dissection, peroral endoscopic myotomy, endoscopic submucosal dissection through tunnel.This article reviewed the effect of different transparent caps in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.

0.05).The splicing destruction among each group was the main breakage method between materials and fiber posts.The surface treatment of fiber posts with sandblast or hydrogen peroxide significantly enhanced the bond strength of the composite resin tested.The surface treatment of fiber posts with silane did not enhance the bond strength of the composite resin.

The paper introduces using MedlineR to carry out data mining from Medline, for observing the gene relation, and using Pajek to realize the visualization of the results. Practice proofs that MedlineR could help researchers come up with assumptions in the field that they are interested in, and get a visual fingerprint. These results are the bases to go to more complex literature data mining and an important supplementary to experimental methods.

BACKGROUND: Fiber posts are currently perceived as promising alternatives to cast metal posts, as their elastic modulus are similar to that of dentin, producing a favorable stress distribution and providing more esthetic outcomes for endodontically treated teeth. Failure of a fiber post and composite resin core often occurs at the junction between the two materials. This failure process requires better characterization.OBJECTIVE: To compare the bond strength of fiber posts after three surface treatments to a composite resin. METHODS: The coronal portions of 20 mandibular premolars with a single root canal were removed and were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, the roots were divided into four groups and the fiber posts and resin cores were lured. In the three testing groups, the surfaces of fiber posts were silaned, sandblasted or etched with hydrogen peroxide. In the control group, the surfaces of fiber posts were not treated. All specimens were exposed to cyclic loadings and thermal cycles. The roots were sectioned into slices with 1 mm thickness and their bond strengths were tested with a universal material testing machine. Test piece following testing was placed under optical microscope to observe the breakage method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stickiness strength was significantly greater in the sandblasted and hydrogen peroxide groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in stickiness strength was determined between the sandblasted and hydrogen peroxide groups (P > 0.05). No significant difference in stickiness strength was detected between the silaned and control groups (P > 0.05). The splicing destruction among each group was the main breakage method between materials and fiber posts. The surface treatment of fiber posts with sandblast or hydrogen peroxide significantly enhanced the bond strength of the composite resin tested. The surface treatment of fiber posts with silane did not enhance the bond strength of the composite resin.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine/herbal decoction combined with ursodeoxy-cholic acid (UDCA)in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC),and to provide a reference for clinical medication.Methods Lit-erature published before July 31,2014 was searched in databases as follows:Cochrane Library,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infra-structure (CNKI),Chinese Scientific Journals Full-text Database (VIP),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),and Wanfang Data.The randomized controlled trials (RCTs)comparing the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine/herbal decoction combined with UD-CA versus UDCA alone in PBC patients were included in the analysis.The methodological quality of included trials was assessed and the data were extracted,followed by meta-analysis using RevMan 5.0 software.Results A total of 12 RCTs were included,involving 681 patients with 346 in the test group and 335 in the control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that,after 6 months of treatment,the overall response rate,improvement rate,and biochemical indices of liver function (ALT,ALP,GGT,and TBil)and hepatic fibrosis in the test group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in the immunological indices such as IgA,IgG,anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA),and AMA M2 subtype (all P>0.05 ). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine/herbal decoction combined with UDCA markedly improves the indices of hepatocellular necrosis and cholestasis,degree of hepatic fibrosis,and clinical symptoms in PBC patients after 6 months of treatment,but leads to no significant im-provement in immunological indices.Due to the limited number of included RCTs and patients through systematic evaluation,and the pres-ence of selection bias and publication bias,more double-blind randomized controlled trials with large sample size,multicenter involvement, and high quality are required to provide convincing evidence.

Objective:To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Shugan Jieyu capsules and hydrochloride Venlafaxine capsules in the treatment of depression. Methods:Totally 50 cases of patients with depression were randomly divided into the observa-tion group (n=26) and the control group (n=24). The observation group was treated with 2 Shugan Jieyu capsules in the morning and in the evening, while the control group was treated with hydrochloride Venlafaxine capsules at the dose of 75-150 mg·d-1,six weeks as a course of treatment. Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale ( TESS) were used in the evaluation before the treatment and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the treatment. Results:HAMD scores of the two groups were significant-ly decreased after the treatment (P<0. 01), and the scores were gradually decreased with the treatment, and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0. 05). The total efficacy of Shugan Jieyu capsules and hydrochloride Venlafaxine capsules was 88. 46% and 87. 5%, respectively, and there was no significant difference (P>0. 05). TESS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group after the 2, 4 and 6-week treatment (P<0. 01). The incidence of adverse reactions of Shugan Jieyu capsules (42. 31%) was obviously lower than that of hydrochloride Venlafaxine capsules (70. 83%, P<0. 01). Con-clusion:Shugan Jieyu capsules are safe and effective in the treatment of depression.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Qiwei Qianliening Tablets(QLN)(Radix paeoniae rubra,Semen Vaccariae,Semen Citri reticulatae,etc) on nonbacterial chronic prostatitis and its anti-inflammatory and analgesia activity. METHODS: Nonbacterial chronic prostatitis model was induced by injecting 25% Xiao Zhiling Injection into the prostate of rat and then coefficent of prostate and pathologic changes were observed.Anti-inflammatory effects were tested by cotton pelle-induced granuloma in rat.Analgesia activity was tested by hot-plate method. RESULTS: QLN inhibited the increase of prostate tissue weight and the histopathology showed resolving prostatitis in QLN-treated groups compared with the controls.Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in cotton pelle-induced granoluma in rat and QLN-treated groups extended the licking-paw latency in hot-plate method compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: Qiwei Qianliening Tablets has prevention and treatment effect on experimental nonbacterial chronic prostatitis.

Objective To evaluate the blue laser imaging (BLI) magnifying endoscopy combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in diagnosis and treatment of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia detected by normal endoscopic biopsy.Methods A total of 76 patients were diagnosed as having LGIN by preoperative biopsy.But 3 months later,BLI endoscopic re-examination showed that the lesions did not heal or even worsened.Patients who received ESD therapy were included in the retrospective study during January 2014 to January 2016 in Remin Hospital of Wuhan University.The efficacy and complications of ESD,and the consistence rate of diagnosis between general endoscopic biopsy,BLI magnifying endoscopy and pathologic diagnosis of total tumor after ESD were analyzed.Results The complete resection rate and curative rate of ESD were 100.0％ (76/76) and 97.4％ (74/76) respectively.The incidences of hemorrhage and perforation during the operation were 3.9％ (3/76) and 1.3％ (1/76),and there was no delayed bleeding or perforation.The consistence rates of diagnosis of common endoscopic biopsy and BLI were 55.3％ (42/76) and 92.1％ (70/76) respectively,with significant difference (x2 =51.987,P＜0.001).Conclusion Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the upper digestive tract may be easily underestimated by ordinary endoscopy biopsy.For these underestimated low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia lesions,ESD can not only be used to confirm the diagnosis,but also give safe and effective treatment.The examination of BLI combined with magnifying endoscopy is recommended before ESD,because BLI endoscopy classification of the lesions has positive effects on ESD of upper gastrointestinal mucosa lesions.