AIM: A novel approach to generate reference fingerprint, named principal component analysis method(PCA), was proposed in this paper. METHODS: Chromatographic finerprint of Tongbiding Injection and multi-wavelength chromatographic fingerprint of Fructus Gardenia were served as examples. Their corresponding reference fingerprints were yielded via PCA, and by comparison with average method and median method were also performed. RESULTS: Reference fingerprint, yielded by PCA based on least-squares principle, was essentially the linear combination of original chromatographic fingerprints. It had a better capability of maintaining and summarizing the data information of original chromatographic fingerprints and optimized properties, and was very similar to one generated by average method or median method. Abnormal fingerprints, if were possibly present in population of fingerprints, would be conveniently found via PCA method, and treated by using appropriate methods to eliminate the effects on reference fingerprint yielded. CONCLUSION: PCA method can be served as an effective approach to produce the reference fingerprint.

Objective To investigate the value of nerve conduction velocity detection in early diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.Methods Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV)and sensory nerve con-duction velocity (SCV)for 94 patients were detected who was the first time diagnosed type 2 diabetes in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015.The statistic results of nerve conduction velocity were conducted and then compared with clinical diagnosis to analyze the diagnosis rate for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Results The abnormal rate of lower limb nerve conduction velocity was higher in the examined patients,which in the SCV of superficial peroneal nerve was especially highest(69.1%).The diagnostic rate of nerve conduction velocity in DPN was 71.3%,and the clinical diagnosis rate was 33.0%.The difference was statistically significant between the two diagnostic methods (χ2 =8.195,P =0.004).Conclusion Nerve conduction velocity detection has important value for the early diagno-sis of DPN.Patients for the first time diagnosed with type 2 diabetes should be carried out this detection to improve the diagnosis rate of DPN.

Diagnosis and management of hip injuries has advanced significantly in the past few years with the improvement of arthroscopic techniques of the hip. Many of pathologic conditions previously unrecognized and untreated have been diagnosed and treated correctly under hip arthroscopy . Current application for hip arthroscopy include management of labral tears,osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement, thermal capsulorrhaphy and capsular plication for subtle rotational instability and capsular laxity, lateral impact injury and chondral lesions, osteochondritis dissecans, ligamentum teres injuries, internal and external snapping hip, removal of loose bodies, synovial biopsy, subtotal synovectomy, synovial chondromatosis, infection, and certain cases of mild to moderate osteoarthritis with associated mechanical symptoms. In addition,patients with long-standing, unresolved hip joint pain may benefit from arthroscopy. Patients with reproducible symptoms and physical findings that reveal limited functioning, and who have failed an adequate trial of conservative treatment will have the greatest likelihood of success after arthroscopic intervention. Prescise attention to thorough physical examination, detailed imaging,and adherence to safe and reproducible surgical techniques are essential for the success of this procedure.

1. Three anomalous origin of the right subclavian arteries in 223 Chinese cadaverswere examined. Among these one is the extremely rare case (the arteries appear in thefollowing order: right carotid, left carotid, left subclavian, left vertebral and right sub-clavian). According to the literature reviewed, only Williams (1935) reported a similarcase. The other two anomalies (the arteries appear in the following order: right caro-tid, left carotid, left subclavian and right subclavian) have been comparatively often seenin literature. 2. As a consequence of the abnormal origin and course of the right subclavian ar-tery, there occurs the lack of right recurrent nerve. The clinical symptoms and the pro-cess of ontogenesis etc. of such abnormality have been discussed. 3. The frequency of the left vertebral artery originates directly from the aortic archand the frequency of the thyroidea ima originates from the brachiocephalic artery, theright common carotid artery or the right internal mammary artery have been also dis-cussed.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of mini-incision muscle-sparing thoracotomy for pulmonary diseases. Methods The operation was performed through a subaxillary mini-incision along the 5th,6th,or 7th intercostals space and 8.5~13.5 cm in length.The latissimus dorsi muscle was pressed backwards,and the serratus anterior muscle was opened along the direction of muscle fibres.The intercostal muscles and the pleura were cut through along the midline between the two adjacent ribs or the superior border of the rib,for the resection of pulmonary benign or malignant lesions.Results The operation was successfully accomplished via mini-incision thoracotomy in all the 38 cases,including 17 cases of wedge resection,1 case of lesion resection of pulmonary sequestration,18 cases of lobectomy,1 case of lower right lobectomy,and 1 case of left total pneumonectomy.The duration of procedure was 50~150 min(mean,96 min),and the intraoperative blood loss was 100~400 ml(mean,220 ml).No complications were seen.Pleural effusion developed in 1 case postoperatively,and then subsided after drawing-off of fluid.Conclusions The mini-incision muscle-sparing thoracotomy has advantages of clear exposure and minimal invasion.But this procedure is not advisable in patients scheduled for a re-operation or with extensive pleural adhesion or tumor involvement to the chest wall.

Objective:To investigate the status of parenting locus of control for middle school students in Hunan and explore its impact factors. Methods: The 5583 middle school students and their parents were sampled randomly using stratified sampling. The self-developed questionnaire and the Parenting Locus of Control Scale (PLOC) were self-administered in them. Results: The average scores of PLOC and five factors were 126.8?11.2, 24.5?3.9, 29.5?4.3, 17.2?3.2, 27.9?4.7 and 28.2?4.5 respectively. T test, analysis of variance, and q test showed, region, grade, type of school, and gender were statistically significant factors of total PLOC and five factors (P

Objective To analyze the compatibility laws of homologous Chinese medicine of medicine and food in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods We screened the clinical literature for the treatment of AD during 1988-2012 in TCM Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Database, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang database. The nature, flavor, channel tropism, high frequency drug pair and compatibility laws of Chinese medicine and homologous Chinese medicine of medicine and food in prevention and treatment of AD were analyzed by frequency statistics and association rules. Results Two hundred and twenty-two clinical literatures were included. The top five frequently-used homologous Chinese medicines of medicine and food were Poria, Fructus Lycii, Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, Semen Persicae, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae. The top five frequently-used medicine were Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, Radix Polygalae, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and Radix Angelicae Sinensis. The top five frequently-used drug pairs of homologous Chinese medicine of medicine and food were Rhizoma Dioscoreae→Poria, Poria→Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae→Fructus Lycii, Fructus Lycii→Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae, and Fructus Lycii→Poria. The top five frequently-used drug pairs were Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii→Radix Polygalae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae→Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong→Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae→Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, and Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii→Radix Astragali Seu Hedysari. Conclusion The commonly used homologous Chinese medicine of medicine and food in preventing and treating AD are tonic herbs with mild nature.

Malformed packets and overlapping fragments are harmful to Intranet end hosts. A formalization engine was introduced to formalize transit packets and reassemble fragments to eliminate the fragment semantic ambiguity. In the formalization engine, malformed packets are formalized by a packet verification engine layer according to protocol standards. In order to eliminate the fragment semantic ambiguity, OS classes of end hosts were collected by an OS detector, each fragment was reassembled according to its OS class. According to the reassembly algorithm of different OS, the pre-forward fields of the cached data were counted with the application of the pre-forward poiicies and were transmitted to save system resource. Applying the BSD-Linux pre-forward policy, the BSD- right pre-forward policy and the First pre-forward policy, the packet loss rate is dropped and system performance improved. The experiments show that the identification precision can be maintained about 90% in heavy processing load.

Fluorescent probes are potential fluorophores that display signals based on the changes in tissue microenvironment, interactions with analytes or specific biochemical reactions. Metabolic enzymes are the most important protein involved in bacteria activities. Complex dynamics of biological processes in bacteria are elucidated by these metabolic enzymes-based fluorescent probes with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. Here, we review recent advances in metabolic enzyme-responsive fluorescent probes for bacteria imaging. It was organized according to enzyme classification systems, focused on fluorescence masking strategies, molecular mechanisms of enzyme activation, and bio-related applications.

Objective To observe the effect of theanine in vitro and in vivo, including suppression of lung tumor growth, tumor an-giogenesis and promotion of apoptosis. Methods The inhibitory effects of theanie on lung cancer A549 cells were analyzed by MTT assays. The cell cycle and the apeptotic percentage of A549 cells were detected by FCM. The angiogenesis effect of theanine was observed with CAM model. The inhibitory effects of theanine were observed with lung carcinoma nude mice model, and the immunohistochemic technique was used to investigate the expression of CD34 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Results Treatment of A549 cells with VEGF re-sulted in significant dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition. FCM detection indicated that administration of EGCG resulted in an in-crease in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and a typical apoptosis peak before the GI phase with an apoptosis rate of 15.9%. There was a significant difference in tumor volume and weight in theanine group compared with control group after two-week treatment, and the tumor in-hibition rate was 43.6%. There was no significant difference in expression of VEGF in tumor tissue according to tumor MVD marked by CD34 between the theanie group and control group. Thus, theanine could obviously inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Conclusion VEGF can ar-rest lung tumor growth via the promotion of tumor cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.