Objective To investigate the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and imaging characteristics of intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS) and its prognosis.Methods The clinical information of 21 cases with IHS was retrospectively analyzed.Results All the 21 patients suffered orthostatic headache with different associated symptoms, low CSF pressure (<70 mmH2O). White blood cells count(WBC) in CSF increased in 6 patients, red blood cells count(RBC) increased in 4 patients, and protein in CSF is high in 10 patients. By cerebral CT, 15 out of 18 cases were normal, subdural hematoma in 2 cases, and subdural dropsy in 1 case. By cerebral MRI, 5 cases were normal, diffuse pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement in 11 cases, and amygdala cerebelli hernia in 2 cases. Large fluid infusion and supportive treatment resulted in good prognosis for them.Conclusion IHS typically presents with position headache, and CSF changes and MRI are of certain characteristic, usually following a good prognosis.

The Chinese guidelines for the management of women with epilepsy during periconceptional period are formulated to provide effective management and scientific guidance for female epilepsy patients during the periconceptional period by systematically reviewing the existing domestic and foreign evidences of evidence-based medicine and combining with the actual situation of Chinese female epilepsy patients. Through elaborating on the problems troubling women with epilepsy in childbearing age, such as the timing of pregnancy for women with epilepsy, the teratogenic risk of anti-seizure medications, medication adjustment during pregnancy and breastfeeding, a very systematic and comprehensive guidance is given. This paper reviews the contents of the Chinese guidelines for the management of women with epilepsy during periconceptional period.

Objective To study the correlation of whole brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with neurological impairment,homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and oxygen free radical generation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The patients diagnosed as AD in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from March 2014 to December 2017 were selected as AD group and healthy persons as control group.The ADC of whole brain was calculated after magnetic resonance scanning.The degree of neurological impairment was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA).The levels of Hcy metabolic index and oxygen free radical production were measured after collecting serum.Results ADC values of AD group in parietal lobe,frontal lobe,temporal lobe and occipital lobe were not significantly different from those of control group (P ＞ 0.05).The ADC value of hippocampus as well as serum Hcy,malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents were significantly higher than those of control group,while MoCA score as well as folic acid (FA),vitamin B12 (VitB12),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) contents in serum were significantly lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05);ADC value of hippocampus in AD patients was negatively correlated with MoCA score as well as serum FA,VitB12,SOD and GSH contents,and positively correlated with serum Hcy,MDA and NO contents.Conclusions The increased ADC value of hippocampus in AD patients was related to the cognitive function injury,Hcy metabolism disorder and excessive generation of oxygen free radicals.

Objective　To explore the characteristics of polysomnography in patients with Huntington’s disease（HD） accompanied by sleep disorders，so as to improve clinicians attention to sleep disorders in HD patients. Methods　Analyze the polysomnography of one patient with HD，and retrieve related literature. Results　The patient’s two polysomnography showed sleep fragmentation and a significant increase in the number of nightly awakenings. From the perspective of sleep structure，the patient’s stage 1 sleep（N1 stage） increased，while the percentage of the deep sleep stage（N3 stage） and rapid eye movement during sleep（R stage） was significantly reduced，and during the two sleep monitoring，abnormal behaviors and muscle dysfunction during REM sleep were not recorded. Conclusion　Sleep disorders have an effect on the symptoms of HD patients and are an ideal direction for further research on potential interventions.

Objective: To detect the diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and evaluate the inner link of DKI parameters with cognitive function and serum nerve injury index. Methods: 78 patients who were first diagnosed with AD in our hospital between December 2015 and January 2018 were enrolled in AD group, and 50 healthy volunteers who had physical examination in our hospital during the same period were enrolled in normal control group. The corpus callosum DKI parameters [mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK) and radial kurtosis (RK)] values, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score as well as serum nerve damage indexes [β amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-422), S100B protein (S100B) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] were compared between the two groups of subjects. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation of DKI parameters with MMSE score as well as serum nerve injury index in patients with AD. Results: MK, AK and RK levels in AD group were lower than those in normal control group; MMSE score was lower than that of normal control group; serum Aβ1-42 and S100B contents were higher than those of normal control group while BDNF content was lower than that of normal control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the MK, AK and RK values in AD patients were directly correlated with the MMSE score as well as Aβ1-42, S100B and BDNF levels (P<0.05). Conclusions The corpus callosum DKI parameter levels decrease in AD patients, and the specific levels are closely related to the severity of cognitive function and nerve injury, which may be one of the effective methods for early assessment of AD condition.