PURPOSE: Frailty is a wasting syndrome common in old age and to confer high risk for morbidity and mortality. There is a growing consensus of the definition of frailty, but until now the diagnostic criteria is not clear yet. In the older male patients, almost of studies about testosterone replacement therapy performed to normal healthy population. And also only few studies were performed to the frail elderly patients. So we would like to investigate the effficacy of testosterone supplementation in the frail elderly. METHODS: Since May to Sep 2001, ambulatory elderly patients who were 65 years and over were recruited in the outpatient clinic of Asan Medical Center. All of them showed the typical characteristics of frailty symptom-weight loss, loss of muscle mass, weakness, fatigability, anorexia, inactivity. The patients who have sleep-apnea or previous history of prostate cancer were excluded. All patients were checked the serum PSA, total testosterone level, routine CBC, lipid, liver function test and evaluated prostate status with US or digital rectal examination, and treated with oral formula testosterone unde- canoate 80 mg daily. All patients were surveyed with ADL, IADL before the testosterone therapy and 3month later. RESULTS: A total of 6 male frail patients(mean age: 80+/-8.5) were enrolled. During 3 month Follow-up period, one was expired, 5 were finished the study. Before the testosterone replacement, mean total testos- terone level was 3.0+/-0.5 ng/ml and mean PSA was 1.3+/-0.7 ng/ml. After 3 months, blood hematocrit, cholesterol, total testosterone were not changed significantly and the body weight also showed insig- nificant increase. But after 3 months, all of them reported the increased well-being sensation, improved fatigability, weakness and improved ADL level. There were no significant adverse effects associated with testosterone replacement. CONCLUSION: In male frail elderly patients, the testosterone replacement therapy can be used safely, and can be improve the frailty associated symptom and ADL ability.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anorexia ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Consensus ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frail Elderly* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Mortality ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Sensation ; Testosterone* ; Wasting Syndrome

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; enzymology ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism

No abstract available.
Humans ; Parturition* ; Spouses*

No abstract available.
Humans ; *Peer Review, Research

No abstract available.
Allergy and Immunology*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the health status between foreign workers and native workers and to examine the influencing factors of health status of foreign and native workers. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of the data collected from the 3rd (2011) Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). The sample included 101 foreign workers and 101 native workers matched by age and gender. RESULTS: The difference in health status between foreign workers and native workers was not statistically significant. The most commonly complained health problem of foreign workers was muscle pain of the upper limbs. Among foreign workers, hazard exposure, coworker support and supervisor support were significant predictors of health status. Among native workers, income level and obesity were significant predictors of health status. CONCLUSION: For health management and health promotion of foreign workers, employers and health providers need to establish coworker supporting systems in workplace and improvement strategies of work environment. Particularly, they must pay closer attention to management of foreign workers' musculoskeletal disorder.
Health Promotion ; Myalgia ; Obesity ; Upper Extremity

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; epidemiology ; mortality ; pathology ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Global Health ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; Quinazolines ; adverse effects ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; epidemiology ; mortality ; pathology

No abstract available.
Peripheral Arterial Disease*

No abstract available.

A scale to screen children's behavior was developed to be used by pediatrician before examining the children brought to them for possible behavioral or developmental problems. The scale consisted of 2 parts. In the first part, there were 15 subjective questions about children's behavior and development which parents can answer in short sentences and in the second part, there were 36 behavioral items with answers in 1 to 7 grades and "yes" or "no", depending whether the each behavior caused any problem to parents. Concern score was the sum of answers of 15 subjective questions, intensity sore the sum of answers of 36 items and problem score the sum of the answers whether the behavior was a problem to parent or not. From July, 992 to October, 1993, the mothers who brought their children to the department of pediatrics of Ewha Woman's University Hospital with concern of children's behavior or development were asked to fill out the questionnaire before seeing the pediatrician. "Problem" children who were diagnosed to have one of behavioral or developmental disorders were 168 and control children in well baby clinical or with acute pediatric problems were 121 in numbers. The results were as follow: @WN 1) Diagnoses of "problem" children were, in order of frequency, infantile autism, mental retardation, developmental language disorder, Asperger's syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 2) All of concern, intensity and problem scores were significantly higher in "problem" children compared with those of control. 3) Specificities of concern of concern, intensity and problem scores were high but only concern sore had high sensitivity, specificity, positive prodictive value and negative predictive value. 4) Concern score can be used in screening "problem" children with score 7 as cut-off point. In conclusion, in this behavioral scale, concern score which reflect subjective view of parents on children's behavior and development can be used in screening of children with behavioral and developmental problems.
Asperger Syndrome ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Language Development Disorders ; Mass Screening* ; Mothers ; Parents ; Pediatrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensitivity and Specificity