Background Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness,which is characterized by processing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss and optic nerve dystrophy.Clinical study showed that lowing IOP can not arrest the glaucomatous damage of RGCs.To seek a neuroprotective drug is an urgent need.Objective This present study focused on the effect of triptolide,a natural biologically active compound extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii,on RGCs in glaucomatous eyes. Methods Glaucoma animal models were established in the right eyes of 80 clean Wistar rats by combination with aspiration of aqueous humor and phtocoagulation on anterior chamber angle.Wistar rats were assigned to two groups at random.Triptolide (5μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected daily from three days before photocoagulation through scarification of animals (total 8 weeks),and same amount of physiologic saline solution was used at the same way.IOP was measured with a Tonopen XL tonometer at at 1day,3,5,7 days and weekly for 8-week duration after phtocoagulation.RGCs numbers was calculated by retinal Nissl staining.Morphology of retina in frozen section was examined under the light microscope.The experiment followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results The IOP was elevated in model eyes from 1 day through 3 weeks after operation with statistically different in comparison with before operation(P<0.05).No obvious differences in IOP changg was found hetween the triptolide group and the normal saline group at each time point(P>0.05).The numbers of RGCs of model eyes in normal saline group decreased gradually after operation,but no evident decline of numbers of RGCs in model eyes in triptolide group. RGCs in triptolide group were considerably more than those of normal saline group in various time points after operation ( P<0. 05). However,no obvious difference in RGCs numbers was found between model eyes and control eyes in Triptolide group. Conclusion Triptolide could protect RGCs in glaucomatous eyes,and its effect does not depend on IOP in chronic glaucoma model.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetic heterogeneous disease in which primordial and juvenile myeloid cells proliferate or accumulate abnormally in bone marrow, peripheral blood and other tissues, resulting in damage to normal hematopoietic function. Studies have shown that about 30% of AML patients have FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), FLT3 abnormal regulation is closely related to the occurrence and development of AML. At present, FLT3 has become an important target for developing small molecular targeted drugs. Currently, a variety of FLT3 inhibitors and FLT3 degraders have been developed targeting FLT3, and some compounds have exhibited good anti-AML activity. This article summarizes and sorts out the current mainstream drugs for AML therapeutic targeting FLT3, in order to provide a reference for the development and design of AML drugs.

Objective To analyze the treatment outcome of MDR -TB (Multidrug -resistant Tuberculosis)patients and to provide suggestions for standard management of MDR -TB patients.Methods Information of MDR -TB patients enrolled in Global Fund Multi -drug Resistant Tuberculosis Project between July 2009 and June 201 0 were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 68 treated patients,44 patients were cured and 1 patient finished the course.The cure rate was 66.1 8%.While 5 patients died,5 patients quitted the treatment as a result of side effects.Significant differences on the cure rate were observed between patients who had relapsed and failure of treatment (P <0.05).Conclusion The cure rate of MDR -TB needs to be improved.It is necessary to promote standard treatment and management and to improve the patient compliance.

OBJECTIVETo review and investigate the optimal preoperative diagnostic means and treatment principles of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML).

METHODSThe clinical features, treatment, prognostic and follow-up data of 169 HAML patients treated between January 1992 and May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age of the patients, including 46 male and 123 female (male/female, 1/2.7), was 45 years (range, 17 - 73 years). The mean case history was 0.54 year with a range of 2 d to 16 years.

RESULTSAmong the 169 patients, 149 patients (88.2%) had a solitary tumor and 96 patients (56.8%) were detected in the right lobe. The overall preoperative diagnostic rate was 13.6% and 119 patients (70.4%) were misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic cavernous hemangioma. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI is higher than CT in distinguishing the nature of the tumor (χ² = 5.508, P = 0.019). One hundred and sixty-eight patients received surgical resection and one received percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy. One patient occurred postoperative hemorrhage and 3 patients developed hydrothorax. The postoperative mortality and recurrence for all the patients were 0. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma. Follow-up study showed a benign course and no signs of recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSMRI is the main diagnostic means of HAML. Treatment strategies of HAML depends largely on tumor size, location and growth rate. Surgical management is suggested to patients with the following criteria: (1) tumor size greater than 5 cm; (2) with clinical symptoms; (3) faster tumor growth; (4) the tumor located at 1, 4, 5, 8 segments of liver.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Angiomyolipoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical value of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rectal intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) and early rectal carcinoma.

METHODSFifteen patients with rectal tumor were selected to undergo local excision by TEM. The pre-operative diagnosis by biopsy and endoanal ultrasonography (EUS): rectal low-grade IN in 8 cases, high-grade IN in 4 and early rectal carcinoma in 3. The average distance of tumors from the anal verge was 7.2(4-15) cm. The average tumor size was 1.8(1-4) cm. The average proportion of the circumference of bowel lumen involved was 20%(10%-40%).

RESULTSAll the 15 rectal tumors were achieved complete excision (submucosal excision in 5, full-thickness excision in 10), and all the resection margins were clear. The average operating time was 57 (40-90) min. The average blood loss was 35 (10-60) ml. The average post-operative stay was 4.5 (2-9) d. The post-operative pathological diagnosis: rectal low-grade IN in 5 cases, high-grade IN in 6, early submucous invasive carcinoma (pT(1)) in 2, advanced carcinoma (pT(2)) in 2. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS in assessing invasive depth of rectal tumor was 86.7% (13/15). The average follow-up period of 15 patients was 6 (2-10) months. There was no local recurrence occurred.

CONCLUSIONTEM is an ideal minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of rectal IN and early rectal carcinoma, with excellent exposure and accurate excision, providing a high-quality tumor specimen for pathological staging. Pre-operative EUS is very important in selecting patients suitable for resection by TEM.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectum ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous laser ablation (LA) in the treatment for portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe PVTT of HCC patients were treated through percutaneous transhepatic laser ablation (PTLA). The survival rate, thrombus size, blood flow of embolized portal vein by thrombus, liver function, ascites and clinical presentation were observed.

RESULTSThe 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rate of these 93 patients were 82.8%, 53.0% and 34.1%, respectively. In 11 patients with partially occluded portal vein by PVTT, the cut-surface of the PVTT diminished significantly 6 months after LA. The color blood stream signal was seen again one day after LA in all of the other 82 patients with totally occluded portal vein by thrombus, and it could still be seen in 67 of those one month later, 57 (of 71) 3 months later, 40 (of 57) 6 months later, 27 (of 32) 1 year and 4 (of 6) 2 years later after LA. In the 38 patients who survived over 1 year, PVTT was gradually atrophied and disappeared eventually in 14, PVTT was atrophied and the portal vein changed into honeycomb-like appearance in 14. In the remaining 10 patients, PVTT continued to grow and made the portal vein enlarged. It was also observed that liver function, clinical symptom and ascites were improved in various degree after LA.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous laser ablation might be an effective and safe treatment method for controlling portal vein tumor thrombus of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Liver Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; pathology ; Portal Vein ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo introduce a newly developed procedure in the control of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and evaluate the efficacy and indicate of this method.

METHODSThe PVTT of HCC patients were treated by percutaneous transhepatic laser ablation (LA). The blood flow of PVTT embolized portal vein, live function, ascites and clinical presentation was observed.

RESULTSTwenty-four HCC patients, with a total of 30 PVTT portal vein and its main branch were treated with LA. There were no any blood flow signal in Doppler color Ultrasonography in these PVTT embolized portal vein before treatment. After treatment, blood flow was reappearance in all cases within one week. The continued patency blood flow was observed in 16 portal vein and continued but not patency blood flow in other 12 portal vein within 30 days. The continued patency blood flow was observed in 18 portal vein within 90 days. The improvement of liver function and clinical symptom. The reduction of ascites was observed in varying degrees.

CONCLUSIONLA treatment might be a effective and safe procedure in the control of portal vein tumor thrombus of HCC.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; pathology ; Portal Vein ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

UNLABELLEDObjective To evaluate the efficacy of 99mTc-labeled C2A probe in detection of apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells after chemotherapy.

METHODSImaging studies were performed in NSCLC H460-bearing mice. The mice were divided into 2 groups: the paclitaxel-treated group and control group. 99mTc-C2A was injected intravenously at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after chemotherapy. Images were acquired at 3 h and 6 h after injection using a pinhole collimator. The regions of interest (ROI) were drawn in tumor area and contralateral nomal tissue, and the ratio of T/NT were caculated. The tumor sections were stained by HE and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-nick-end labeling) staining to confirm the presence of apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 was also analyzed with flow cytometry.

RESULTSLittle uptake of 99mTc-C2A was found in baseline images, but tumor uptake increased very much after chemotherapy, the T/NT ratio was 1.79 +/- 0.34, 2.23 +/- 0.33 and 2.78 +/- 0.34, respectively. The T/NT ratio of control was 1.48 +/- 0.23. Tumor uptake (% ID/g) of 99mTc-C2A in chemotherapy groups were 2.82 +/- 0.90, 3.13 +/- 0.48 and 3.52 +/- 1.18, respectively. Tumor uptake (% ID/g) in the control group was 1.21 +/- 0.51. It in paclitaxel-treatment groups were 2.82 +/- 0.90, 3.13 +/- 0.48 and 3.51 +/- 1.18, respectively, significantly higher than that in untreated mice. Furthermore, the uptake of 99mTc-C2A correlated well with apoptotic index (r = 0.56, P < 0.01), and activated caspase-3 (r = 0.59, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOur preliminary results demonstrated that 99mTc-C2A imaging in vivo for detection of cell death in solid tumors is feasible and well correlated with TUNEL staining and activated caspase-3. The C2A holds promise and warrants further development as a molecular probe to early predict cancer treatment efficacy.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Synaptotagmin I ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Technetium ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of depression,anxiety and suicide behavior in patients suffering from tuberculosis in Hangzhou and to explore their relationship with medication adherence. Methods Demographic characteristics,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),the center for epidemiological studies -depression (CESD),social support rating scale (SSRS),suicide behavior information and the morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS)were investigated in 973 tuberculosis patients who were selected by systematic random sampling.Results The means of SAS and CESD were 39.71 ±8.30 and 14.16 ±10.77 respectively,which were both higher than the norms(P<0.01).Totally 102 (10.48%)patients had anxiety and 333 (34.22%)were depressed.Out of 973 patients,60 (6.17%)reported suicide ideation after tuberculosis diagnosis.The prevalence of non -adherence was 20.55%,which was defined with MMAS score above one and more.The non -adherence group had higher anxiety,depression and suicide ideation prevalence than the adherence group (15.50%vs.9.18%,46.50%vs.30.66%,11.00%vs.4.92%respectively,P<0.01).The mean score of SSRS,subjective support,objective support and utilization of support in the non-adherence group were 30.71 ±5.15,4.61 ±2.07,19.74 ±4.55 and 6.34 ±1.93 respectively,which were 34.06 ±7.39,6.62 ± 2.27,20.67 ±5.27 and 6.77 ±2.23 in the adherence group respectively.SSRS and its three dimension scores were significantly lower in the non-adherence group than that in the adherence group (P<0.01).Conclusion These findings show a quite serious situation of psychological problems of tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou and suggest psychological intervention should be included in adherence intervention.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 in promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and accelerating healing of femoral defect in rats.

METHODSThe third generation of rat BMSCs were treated with PBS (control) or 10, 10, or 10 mol/L NPY Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170. After 7 and 14 days of treatment, the cells were examined for osteogenic differentiation with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining. At 7 and 21 days of treatment, the mRNA and protein expressions of collagen type I (COLI), osteocalcin (OCN) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the cells were detected using q-PCR and Westem Blotting. In a male SD rat model (body weight 300∓20 g) of bilateral femoral condyle defects (2.5 mm in diameter), the effect of daily local injection of 0.2 mL PD160170 (10 and 10 mol/L, for 28 consecutive days) in promoting bone defect repair was evaluated with micro-CT scans.

RESULTSALP and alizarin red staining showed that the BMSCs treated with PD160170, at the optimal concentration of 10 mol/L, contained more intracellular cytoplasmic brown particles and mineralized nodules in extracellular matrix than PBS-treated cells. PD160170 (10 mol/L) significantly up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of COLI at day 7 and those of OCN and Runx2 at day 21 (P<0.05). In the rat models of femoral bone defect, the volume/tissue volume ratio, bone mineral density and the number of bone trabeculae were significantly greater in 10 mol/L PD160170 group than in the control group (P<0.05), but the bone trabecular thickness (P=0.07) and bone volume (P=0.35) were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONNPY Y1 receptor antagonist PD160170 can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and healing of femoral defects in rats, suggesting the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting NPY Y1 receptor signaling in the prevention and treatment of bone fracture and osteoporosis.