AIM: To measure the macular structure of amblyopia eyes and non-amblyopia eyes in children with monocular hyperopic amblyopia and in normal children by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
METHODS: Fifty-six children with monocular hyperopic amblyopia and 75 normal children were selected. The macular retinal thickness and the macular retinal volume were measured by OCT. Data was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The thinnest part of retina was at the center retina, and the thickest part was the inner ring , while the outer ring was thinner than the inner ring in the amblyopia eyes group. Among the four quadrants of the inner ring, the thickest quadrant was the nasal quadrant (335. 58 ± 17. 42μ m) , and the thinner part was superior quadrant (326. 42 ± 15. 36μ m), the next was the inferior quadrant ,the thinnest part was the temporal quadrant. The trend of outer ring was the same as the inner ring. The quadrant differences of non - amblyopia eyes and normal eyes were same with amblyopia eyes. The center 1mm of macula, nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of inner ring were thicker in amblyopia eyes group than that in non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group ( P < 0. 05). The nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of outer ring were also thicker in amblyopia eyes group than that in non -amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group, but there was no statistical difference between them ( P > 0. 05). The other quadrant retinal thickness was not different in amblyopia eyes group, non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group (P> 0. 05). In amblyopia eyes group, non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group, the smallest retinal volume was macular retinal volume, the biggest volume was nasal retinal volume of inner ring, then was superior retinal volume and inferior retinal volume ,the smallest was temporal retinal volume. The change of retinal volume in outer ring was same as inner ring. The difference of central 1mm macular retinal volume, nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of inner ring in amblyopia eyes group was statistically significant compared with non - amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group (P<0. 05). The other quadrant retinal volume in mblyopia eyes group, non -amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group were not statistical different between them(P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION: OCT can accurately measure macular retinal structure, the difference of macular retinal structure between amblyopia eyes, non - amblyopia eye and normal eyes may be associated with the peripheral mechanism of amblyopia.

Early screening for colorectal cancer can detect early colorectal cancer,curb its further development,and extend the life expectancy.Colorectal cancer screening methods mainly include stool examination,imaging examination,endoscopic examination and the latest gene detection technology.Different screening methods have different effects.Stool examination is one of the most popular screening methods for the public.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical outcome of botulinum A toxin(BTX-A)injection into external sphincter combined with oral baclofen in treatment of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia(DESD)after spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods:A total of 38 urodynamic examination-confirmed DESD patients,male 31 and female 7,with an average age of (36.5?17.8)years old,were included in this study.200 U of BTX-A toxin was dissolved in 8 ml of normal saline and the solution was injected at 8 different sites(1 ml per site)of the external sphincter via a 5F flexible cystoscopic needle.On the second day,9 patients(BTX-A+baclofen group)were randomly selected for baclofen oral administration,3/d for 3 months; the other 26 patients were taken as control.Urodynamic examination was repeated in all patients 4 weeks later;the voiding diary and urodynamic outcomes were compared before and after treatment.The adverse and toxic effects were observed in the patients who were followed up for 2-9 months.Results:One month after treatment the voiding and storing functions of bladder were improved to different degrees,with the mean maximum uroflow rate(Qmax),the mean urine volume,the mean maximal cystometric capacity and the bladder compliance increased significantly and the mean postvoid residual urine volume and the mean maximal voiding pressure decreased significantly(all P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in domestic clinical prac tice.Methods A total of 45 patients with 45 suspicious breast lesions were examined with MRI-guided vacuum assisted bi opsy.The complications were observed.And the followed-up was performed.Results In 45 suspected breast lesions,43 lesions (43/45,95.56％) were successfully sampled under MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy and the pathologic diagnosis was obtained.For another 2 lesions (2/45,4.44％),the pathology diagnosis were not obtained.The time to perform MRI-guided biopsy was (45.87±8.41)min for one lesion.The 5 malignant lesions (5/45,11.11％) confirmed by biopsy pathology were consistent with postoperative pathological results.For the 38 benign lesions (38/45,84.44％) confirmed by biopsy pathology,there was no malignant performance found in MRI follow-up for 6 months.Because of successful MR imaging-guided core biopsy findings,the clinic treatments were changed in 14 patients (14/45,31.11％).Five cases (5/45,11.11％) with malignant tumors were diagnosed early.The surgical biopsy was avoided in 9 benign cases (9/45,20.00 ％) who suspected as malignant.In all 45 patients,no complications occurred,such as hematoma and infection.Con clusion MRI-Guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy is sufficient and safe for obtaining histologic proof of lesions,and plays an important role in guiding clinic treatment of some lesions visible only by MRI.

PURPOSE: We report a rare case of ocular siderosis with delayed-onset secondary glaucoma occurring 10 years after cataract and iron foreign body removal. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old male who suffered an ocular injury with an iron material to his left eye 3 years prior to his initial visit was treated in our clinic for a cataract with siderosis lentis. Ten years after he underwent cataract surgery he developed secondary open-angle glaucoma. Trabecular block taken during trabeculectomy showed no iron material, however, a fibrosclerotic change was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a history of traumatic siderosis lentis, a potential risk of siderosis remains for a long period.
Cataract* ; Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Siderosis* ; Trabeculectomy

There are sex differences in some brain areas in mammalians. Parkinson's disease (PD), caused by the mesencephalic substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neuronal loss, displays sexual difference, i.e., the incidence is higher and the symptoms are more intense in males than that in females. However, it has not been known whether sexual dimorphisms exist in the SN. Sixty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) Female intact group (F-INT group); (2) Male intact group (M-INT group); (3) Ovariectomized group (OVX group); (4) Castration group (CAST group); (5) Ovariectomized + estrogen-replaced group (OVX-E(2) group): The rats received sequentially physiological dose of estrogen for 3 d from the 7th day after ovariectomization. P50 auditory evoked potential (P50) was recorded for 14 d from electrodes inserted in the rat right SN in quiet and awake state. After recording, the brain tissues were dissected and the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing neurons in the compact zone of the SN were counted using immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the number of TH-positive (TH(+)) cells in the SN of normal male animals was less than that in normal female rats (P<0.05), and the T/C ratio of P50 in normal males was significantly less than that in normal females (P<0.01), indicating that there exists sexual difference in function and structure in the SN. No differences in the T/C ratio of P50 or the number of TH(+) cells were found between M-INT and CAST groups. The T/C ratio of P50 and the number of TH(+) cells in the SN in OVX group were reduced significantly compared with those in F-INT group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the T/C ratio of P50 and the number of TH(+) cells in the SN between OVX- E(2) and F-INT groups 15-20 d after estrogen replacement, suggesting that estrogen can promote the survival and functional recovery of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The results suggest that there exist sex-specific differences in the dopaminergic neurons in the SN structurally and functionally. The difference of estrogen level in cerebra between male and female animals may account for the sexual differences. Endogenous estrogen plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and modulating the functional activity of dopamine system in the SN.
Animals ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; cytology ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Characteristics ; Substantia Nigra ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the differential gene expression profiles related to toxic effects in rats exposed to silica.

METHODSWistar rats exposed to SiO2 (50 mg/ml) and 1 ml normal saline by intratracheal injection served as the exposure and control groups, on the 14th day after exposure all rats were executed and the rat lung tissues were obtained. The differential gene expression profiles in the lung tissues of rats exposed to silica were detected using confocal fiber beads gene chip technique, and the differential expression profiling data were analyzed using the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) bioinformation analysis tool.

RESULTSThe results of present study indicated that 1567 genes with differential expression were identified in 22107 genes of rat lung tissues in exposure group, including 765 up-regulated genes and 802 down-regulated genes as compared to control group. In the 461 genes related to toxic effects, 285 genes were up-regulated and 176 genes were down-regulated in exposure group. The trends of up-regulation of HMOX1 and SOD2 genes in RT-PCR assay were similar to those in gene chip technique.

CONCLUSIONA large number of genes related to toxic effects in the rats with silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis appeared up-regulation or down-regulation. There may be a complex gene regulation network in the pulmonary fibrosis induced by SiO2, and the toxicological mechanism is an important part in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Animals ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity ; Transcriptome

The retroperitoneum space comprises anterior pararenal space, perirenal space and posterior pararenal space. Pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ and located in the anterior pararenal space of the retroperitoneum. Left and right sides anterior pararenal space are potentially communicated, which contains many adipose tissues and a little connective tissues. The exacerbation of acute pancreatitis results in the lesion spreading into adjacent area of pancreas in the retroperitoneal space. In addition, the lesion could spread into bare area of stomach, posterior colonic region, subperitoneal space and pelvic retroperitoneal space through the same anatomical space or communicating space. Due to the fascia destruction by pancreatic enzymes or the lesion directly diffuse through the weak fascia, the lesion could also diffuse across fascia to perirenal space, posterior pararenal space, the peritoneal cavity and abdominal wall. Finally, a series of complications are developed. The diffusion paths of acute pancreatitis are complex and diverse. Familiarity with these diffusion paths is useful for determining the severity and guiding therapy.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficiency of small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. Methods: The data of 164 patients who underwent small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy for infected pancreatic necrosis at Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Among 164 patients, there were 102 male and 62 female patients.The median age was 46 years(ranging from 19 to 79 years). One hundred and one patients(61.6%) suffered from severe acute pancreatitis and 63 patients(38.4%) suffered from moderately severe acute pancreatitis.Following step-up approach principle, the surgical procedures were performed for 131 patients(79.9%) who suffered from sepsis which could not be alleviated via percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD). The other 33 patients(20.1%) who did not undergo PCD directly took small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy.Preoperative CT images were used to determine the location of the lesion.The PCD puncture points or the points where the abscess was closest to the skin were chosen as the incision.Gradually, the small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy were performed via cutting all layers into the abscess. Results: The median time from the onset of symptom to first operation was 32 days(ranging from 23 to 45 days). The average hospital stay was 46 days(ranging from 29 to 103 days). The average number of drainage tubes placed was 4 pieces(ranging from 2 to 8 pieces). Ninety-two patients(56.0%) underwent minimal access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy. Thirty-six patients(22.0%) underwent minimal invasive approach lesser omentum sac pancreatic necrosectomy.Thirty-six patients(22.0%) underwent minimal invasive approach lesser omentum sac pancreatic necrosectomy combined with minimal access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy.A total of 148 cases(90.2%) were cured via minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy, 8 cases(4.9%) were cured after transfering to open pancreatic necrosectomy.The cure rate was 95.1%(156/164). The mainly postoperative complications included pancreatic fistula(25 cases), intra-abdominal hemorrhage(10 cases), gastric fistula (2 cases), duodenal fistula(4 cases) and colonic fistula(3 cases). The overall incidence rate of complications was 26.8%(44/164). Eight cases were dead after surgery and the in-hospital mortality was 4.9%(8/164). Conclusion In summary, small incision minimally invasive approach pancreatic necrosectomy is an effective way to clean up necrotic tissue, improve the drainage, reduce complications in dealing with infected pancreatic necrosis.

Objective:Berberine hydrochloride(BBR)is commonly used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC),but its molecular mechanism,especially the mechanism of rescue of inflammatory-induced pyroptosis,needs to be further analyzed.Meth-ods:SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(Ctrl),DSS model group,BBR treatment group(DSS+BBR)and BBR+NLRP3 agonist group(DSS+BBR+BMS-986299).The UC rat model was established by the dextran sulfate sodium method(DSS).At the same time,BBR was intragastrically administered to BBR treatment group and BBR+NLRP3 agonist group twice per-day for 7 consecutive days.BMS-986299 was intraperitoneally injected to BBR+NLRP3 group twice a day.During the experiment,the body weights were weighed,the general condition was observed,and the disease activity index(DAI)was evaluated every day.After the experiment,the gross morphology and length of colon were observed and evaluated.HE staining was used to observe the pathologi-cal changes of colon tissue and evaluate the tissue injury index(TDI).ELISA was employed for detecting the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in colon tissue,and Western blot was employed for detecting NLRP3,ASC,GSDMD-N,Cleaved-caspase 1 and IL-1β expres-sions.Results:BBR could effectively improve the UC-induced weight loss,colon tissue integrity and cell pyroptosis,reduce the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-ɑ and IL-1β,the proportion of pyroptosis,and the levels of proteins NLRP3,IL-1β,GSDMD-N,and Cleaved-caspase 1 which play crucial roles in pyroptosis pathway.The therapeutic effect and the regulated pro-tein expression through BBR were reversed by NLRP3 activation.Conclusion:BBR exerts a therapeutic effect by reducing the proteins levels of mature NLRP3,IL-1β,GSDMD-N,Cleaved-caspase 1,which are responsible for pyroptosis pathway.This result provides a molecular basis for BBR in treatment of UC.