Objective To monitor the activities of orbicularis oculi muscle by analyzing the electroneurogram (ENG) of its innervating nerve. Methods The ENG was recorded in vivo by a cuff electrode implanted around a dog’s zygomatic branch of facial nerve. The differences between the ENG during relaxing period of the orbicularis oculi muscle and during the constricting period were analyzed to explore a way to monitor the muscle activities. Results The ENG signals indicating occurrences of eye blinking events were extracted in the study. Time-frequency analysis showed that there was no ENG difference when the orbicularis oculi muscle was in relaxing periods no mater whether it was in the nature eye-opening period or in the interval of eye blinking. The ENG of orbicularis oculi muscle in constricting period was different from the ENG in relaxing period at amplitude and frequency. Conclusion It is feasible to monitor the orbicularis oculi muscle activities by ENG analysis.

Objective To investigate the genetic association of MTHFRC677T between CBS844ins68 polymorphism and young ischemic stroke.Methods The polymorphism of MTHFRC677T and CBS844ins68 in 98 stroke patients and 116 control subjects were examined and analyzed by using PCR-RFLP.Results The frequencies of two alleles were as follows: T allele 54.09%,C allele 45.91% in patients and T 37.93%,C 62.07% in controls(?2=11.18,P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of gastric dynamics by transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined general anesthesia when controlled hypotension dropped to 60% of the mean arterial prenssure (MAP) baseline, and to provide experimental evidence for organ protection in clinical controlled hypotension.

METHODSEighteen male beagles were randomly divided into three groups, the general anesthesia group (blank), the general anesthesia induced controlled hypotension group (control), and the general anesthesia combined TEAS induced controlled hypotension group (experiment), 6 in each group. Controlled hypotension was performed in the latter two groups with isoflurane inhalation and intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered to 60% of the MAP baseline and kept for 60 min. Controlled hypotension was not performed in Beagles of the control group. For Beagles in the experiment group, TEAS [2/100 Hz, (4 ± 1) mA] was applied to bilateral Hegu (LI4), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) from stable physiological conditions to the end of maintaining stages. Changes of EGG frequencies and EGG amplitudes were monitored. Serum levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) were also detected at corresponding time points during and after experiment.

RESULTSAs for the pressure control effect of TEAS combined general anesthesia in the controlled hypotension, during the process of controlled hypotension (T1-T4), MAP levels of two controlled pressure groups remained relatively stable, and were kept at 60% of the MAP baseline. When the blood pressure dropped to the target low MAP and maintained at 60 min (T1-T4), EGG amplitudes of Beagles in all the three groups showed decreasing tendency. But it was more obviously lower than its basic level in the control group (P <0.05), while it was not obviously decreased in the experiment group (P < 0.05). EGG frequencies of Beagles in all the three groups showed no obvious change during this stage. By the end of the MAP rising stage (T8), the EGG amplitude of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the blank group (P < 0.05), while it didn' t show any obvious increase in the control group. During this period, EGG frequencies of the two controlled hypotension groups decreased more than those of the blank group. Two h after rising blood pressure (at T9), EGG amplitudes and frequencies in the two controlled hypotension groups basically restored to their respective baselines and levels of the blank group at T9. At 2 h (T9) after controlled hypotension, serum levels of GAS and MTL were lower than those of basic levels in the two controlled hypotension groups (P <0.05). However, serum levels of GAS and MTL had an increasing trend in the two controlled hypotension groups at 24-72 h (T10-T12). Besides, the increasing speed and amplitude was better in experiment group than in the control group at T10-T12. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 72 h (T12) serum levels of GAS and MTL had basically restored to their basic levels in the two controlled hypotension groups and that of the blank control group.

CONCLUSIONEGG amplitudes could be effectively improved in TEAS combined general anesthesia for controlled hypotension at 60% of the MAP baseline, the recovery of the serum GAS level accelerated, gastric power improved and stomach protected.

Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arteries ; Dogs ; Gastrins ; Hypotension, Controlled ; Male ; Motilin ; Nitroprusside ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

Objective Radionuclide-labeled low molecular weight polypeptide is reeently advocated for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide in nude mice bearing human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was prepared by Ch-T method. The radiochemical purity was measured and biodistribution was evaluated. The nude mice models bearing human NSCLC were studied and divided into four groups: group A injected 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide through tail vein, group B injected normal saline, group C injected 131Ⅰ-Tyroctreotide through stroma and group D injected 131Ⅰ through stroma. The radioactivity ratio of tumor to normal tissue (T/NT) was calculated over region of interest (ROI). The tumor cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotion nick end labeling (TUNEL) and histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0, and the comparison for difference between groups performed with one-way ANOVA analysis. Results The labeled radiochemical purity was (95.23±1.67)% and specific activity of 3.5×106Bq/ug. The biodistributiou showed high uptake in kidney, and low uptake in liver and spleen. The radioactive uptake in group C was higher than the other groups, and the retention time was longer. The T/NT was 52.74±0.13 after 24 h, which was much higher than that the other groups (group D: 8.90±0.23, group A: 6.42±0.02, q=628.81 and 664.33, all P<0.05). The resuits of tmnor cell cycle determined by FCM showed that the G1 phase was blocked mast remarkably in group C than the other groups [group C: (83.17±6.86)%, group A: (57.02±18.81)%, group D: (49.29±7.80)%, group B: (45.88±5.13)%, q=5.29, 6.86, 7.55, 1.56, 2.26, 0.69, all P<0.05]. Apeptotic cells were observed by TUNEL, and apoptotic body was detected by immuno-histochemical examination. Conclusions 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide was easily labeled by Ch-T. 131Ⅰ-Tyr-octreotide could induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit the tumor cell of NSCLC. It might be a potential target-directed agent in NSCLC.

Thermophiles can produce cellulosic ethanol at a high temperature where ethanol is directly distillated from fermentation, and biodegradation of lignocellulose can be simultaneously achieved when these thermophiles carry and express cellulase and hemicellulase genes. The simultaneous biodegradation, fermentation and distillation, a three-in-one process, can result in low production costs of cellulosic ethanol. We reviewed the advances and challenges in the approach to the three-in-one process, which refer to lignocellulases, regulation mechanisms, and genetic transfer systems.
Bacteria ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hot Temperature ; Thermoanaerobacterium ; metabolism

Objective To observe the targeted function of a mesothelin antibody modified nanoprobe in human pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cell.Methods The Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoprobe was prepared by St(o)ber method,and then quantum dots (CdTe) and mesothelin antibody was crosslinked to obtain the properties of targeting and fluorescent.Fluorescent nano Fe3O4@SiO2 probes and BxPC3 cells were incubated in vitro for 30 min.Its targeting performance was tested by the CCD imaging system and magnetic separation technology.HepG-2 and K562 cells with low expression of mesothelin were selected as reference cells.Results This preparation method of nanoprobe could produce a uniform and narrow distribution particle with particle size mainly ranging from 120 to 140 nm.The cell adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption efficiency of BxPC3,HepG-2 and K562 by nanoprobe without crosslinking antibody were less than 20％,as a non-specific adsorption; and the adsorption efficiency of BxPC3,HepG-2 and K562 by crosslinking mesothelin antibody nanoprobe were (53.9 ± 1.8) ％,(8.0 ± 2.1) ％ and (8.9 ± 2.3) ％ respectively,and the adsorption capacity with BxPC3 was significantly increased.Conclusions The nanoprobe modified by mesothelin antibody can effectively recognize BxPC3 cells which highly expressing mesothelin.

Objective To observe the effects of thin recipe ofBuyang Huanwu Decoction on expressions of glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system including GSH, GSH-Px andγ-GCS in the brain of focal cerebral ischemia rats;To study its mechanism of antioxidant effect.Methods Totally 120 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups according to random number table method:sham-operation group, model group,Buyang Huanwu Decoction group and thin recipe ofBuyang Huanwu Decoction group. Except for the sham-operation group, the rest groups established focal cerebral ischemia rat model by middle cerebral arterial occlusion. The treatment groups were given corresponding medicine by gavage, while the sham-operation group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline 2 h after modeling. Each group was detected after cerebral ischemia for 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days respectively. The content of GSH and the activity of GSH-Px were detected. At the same time,γ-GCS mRNA and protein levels were determined by using real time-PCR and Western blot.Results The content of GSH and the activity of GSH-Px at each time point decreased in the model group (P<0.05), compared with the corresponding sham-operation group. But the expression ofγ-GCS mRNA and protein increased, with statistical significance on day 1 (P<0.05). Compared with model group, content of GSH and GSH-Px activity levels increased differently in each treatment group, whileγ-GCS mRNA and protein expression raised, with statistical significance on day 3 (P<0.05).Conclusion The thin recipe ofBuyang Huanwu Decoction plays antioxidant effect by regulating the expression of glutathione antioxidant system GSH, GSH-Px andγ-GCS after cerebral ischemia, which may be one of its therapeutic mechanisms for cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the preventive effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) and its recipe composition (BYJJF) in focal ischemic brain injury condition in vivo/in vitro. Methods In vivo studies, SD rats were divided into sham-operation group, MCAO group, BYHWD group and BYJJF group based on rat weight, 10 rats in each group. The body weight, infarct area and brain water contents were determined. In vitro studies, H2O2 was used to damage PC12 cells, and the vitro oxidative stress cell model was established. PC12 cells were divided into normal group, blank control group, BYHWD and BYJJF groups with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.5 mg/mL). MTT method was employed to determine the protective effects of BYHWD and BYJJF on model cells.Results Vivo studies showed that after 7 days of treatment with BYHWD and BYJJF, those determinated quotas were all significantly improved compared with MCAO model rats (P<0.05), and there were no differences between BYHWD and BYJJF (P>0.05).Vtiro studies showed that the protective effects of BYHWD and BYJJF took place 2 hours later, and it was obvious in oxidative stress injury caused by H2O2, with statistical differences with model group (P<0.05). BYHWD and BYJJF could increase cell viability, and there was no difference between the groups with same concentration (P>0.05).Conclusion The research confirmed that BYJJF plays a significant role in improving the cerebral ischemia injury, which is the same performance as BYHWD, and BYJJF can save TCM resources under the precondition of TCM efficacy.

Aim To evaluate the regulation of thin recipe of Buyang Huanwu decoction on cyclin-dependent kinase 5(Cdk5)expressions in hippocampus tissue of rats after cerebral ischemia.Methods Male SD rats were divided into sham-operation group,MCAO group,Buyang Huanwu decoction group(ig.3.15 g·kg-1)and its thin recipe composition group(ig.2.41 g·kg-1).Each group was then divided into five subgroups based on the time after administration for 1,3,7,14,28 d respectively.Cdk5 protein and mRNA levels in each group were examined by using immunohistochemistry,Western blot and real-time PCR respectively.Results The up-regulation of Cdk5 was observed in model rat hippocampus after cerebral ischemia 1 day,and kept increasing with the aggravation of ischemia injury,the peaked expression was observed after 7～14 d,while the downtrend was observed after 28 days compared with the corresponding sham-operation groups(P<0.01),suggesting that the Cdk5 signal pathway would be activated by cerebral ischemic injury.The expression of Cdk5 in thin recipe of Buyang Huanwu decoction group was significantly lower than that in model group at each time point(P<0.05),and there was also more obvious down-regulation with the extend of intervene time.The regulation effects of thin recipe of Buyang Huanwu decoction was up to the best after 28 days of administration,which indicated the thin recipe was positive to the abnormal expression of Cdk5,and there was no difference between Buyang Huanwu decoction and its thin recipe treated groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The thin recipe of Buyang Huanwu decoction could exert the protective effect by regulating Cdk5 after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To explore the expression of c-Fos protein and character of mossy fiber sprouting(MFS) in hippocampus of rat with febrile seizures(FS).Methods Thirty-six 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into FS group,febrile control(FG) group and normal control(NG) group.FS was established by hyperthermal bath.Immune histochemistry and(Timm′s) staining were used to examine the expression of c-Fos protein in CA1 region and MFS in CA3 region of hippocampus.Results Excessive expression of c-Fos protein presented in the hippocampal CA1 region of FS group.The surface area percentage of c-Fos protein of FS group[(2.26?0.23)%] was higher than that of FG group[(1.08?0.19)%] and NG group[(0.71?0.14)%],there were significant difference between FS group and the other two groups(?~2=10.48 P