Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of body weight related index and to explore the relationship between weight related index and cardiovascular diseases in rural residents in Yunnan Province. Methods By random cluster sampling method,rural residents were selected in Yunnan Province. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire and medical examination. Results 4070 rural residents in Yunnan participated in this study. The survey results showed that gender,age,education level and ethnicity affected both the distribution of body weight related index and low body weight,overweight,obesity,and central obesity(P < 0.05). Compared with low body weight,non overweight,non obesity and non central obesity group,non low body weight,overweight,obesity and central obesity group had higher prevalence rate of hypertension(P < 0.01). Among central obesity group,the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease was higher than non central obesity group(P < 0.01). Conclusion The distribution of body weight related index in rural residents of Yunnan province showed some special characteristic. The overweight,obesity,and central obesity were related to cardiovascular diseases. Change unhealthy living habits or behavior as well as improving their cultural quality have effects on controlling body weight related index and help to reduce the prevalence rates of overweight,obesity and central obesity which can further reduce the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To measure the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a rural area of Kunming. Methods Shilin County was selected as the study region. Disability adjusted life years (DALY) was used to measure the burden to COPD. Results The overall prevalence of COPD was 6.68% , and males had higher prevalence of COPD than females. Females accounted for higher YLL rate and DALY rate due to COPD than males, whereas males had higher YLD rate due to COPD than females. People aged 60 years and over were responsible for higher YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate due to COPD compared to other age group. Conclusion COPD does harm to males' quality of life whereas threatens females' death in the study region. The region should focus on further prevention and control of COPD.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), one kind of incretins, contributes to control blood glucose level with several routines. It can be degraded rapidly by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). DPP-IV inhibitors augment glucose homeostasis by preventing degradation of GLP-1, which can stimulate insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, increase satiety, and slow gastric emptying. They are weight neutral, and are associated with low risk of hypoglycemia. This review highlights the characteristics of GLP-1, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions of DPP-IV inhibitors.

The National Natural Science Foundation-supported papers in the field of epidemiological methods and health statistics since 1987 were analyzed by trend analysis in order to have a better understanding of the development,current situation and history in the field of epidemiological methods and health statistics,and provide reference for the selection of topics,approval of projects and optimization of supporting structure in the field of epidemiological methods and health statistics.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) combined with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in breast diseases.Methods 506 patients receiving mammary gland molybdenum target inspection from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 were selected.The images from FFDM and DBT were analyzed, respectively.The breast imaging reports and pathological results were compared to investigate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FFDM, DBT alone and combined use of DBT and FFDM.Results The results of preoperative mammography in the 506 women (bilateral breast) were as follows: FFDM combined with DBT detected 202 benign cases (39.9%) and 304 malignant cases (60.1%);FFDM alone detected 194 benign cases (38.3%) and 312 malignant cases (61.7%);DBT alone detected 187 benign cases (37.0%) and 319 malignant cases (63.0%).Pathologically, 214 benign cases (42.3%) were detected and 292 malignant cases (57.7%).In terms of the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, The combined use of DBT combined with FFDM was the best, followed by FFDM alone and DBT alone.Conclusion The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FFDM combined with DBT for diagnosis are better than those of FFDM alone or DBT alone.

Objective To investigate the protection mechanism of ulinastatin on bacterial endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Methods Acute lung injury was induced by Escherichia colilipo-polysaccharide(LPS)5 mg·kg-1·d-1,intratracheally. Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10)and ulinastatin group(n=10). Ulinastatid group received ulinastatin 50 kU·kg-1 ,the control groups received the same amount of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution. Then the expression changes of rat AQP-1 and AQP-5,alveolar wall thickness change and the degree of pulmonary edema were detected. Results After the injection of LPS into the rat,the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5 in control group were continuously decreased,but those in ulinastatin group decreased were not obvious. The lung wet/dry weight ratio in the control group increased significantly,the not obvious changes in the ulinastain group. The thickness of the alveolar in 24,48,72 h of the control group were(3. 84±0. 68),(6. 32±1. 08),(11. 03±2. 47)μm, respectively,and those in the ulinastian groups were(2. 31±0. 44)(,3. 76±0. 82)(,2. 94±0. 67)μm,respectively. Conclusion The AQP-1 and AQP-5 induced the occurrence of pulmonary edema by changing the cell permeability. Ulinastatin can slow down the process so as to reduce the degree of endotoxin-induced lung injury.

An electrochemical aptasensor for Pb2+ was constructed based on the layer-by-layer assembly of graphene (GR) and anthraquinone -2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQMS) on the surface of Pb2+ aptamer. The mercapto-modified Pb2+ aptamer was first anchored on a gold electrode. Then the highly conductive material of GR was adsorbed on apt through the unique π-π stacking interaction, which was further used for the assembly and signal amplification of the electroactive AQMS. Upon interaction with Pb2+ ions, the apt on the aptasensor undergone conformational switch from a single-stranded form to the G-quadruplex structure, causing the GR assembled with AQMS releasing from the electrode surface into solution. As a result, the electrochemical signal of AQMS on the aptasensor was substantially reduced. Base on this concept, a useful platform for detection of Pb2+ ions was constructed. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the attenuation of peak currents (△Ipa ) showed linear relationship with the logarithm of Pb2+ concentrations (lgCPb2+) over the range from 5. 0×10-10 to 5. 0×10-8 mol/ L. The detection limit was estimated to be 6. 0×10-11 mol/ L.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound-diffuse optical tomography(US-DOT) in evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients with breast cancer.Methods Fifty women with breast cancer confirmed by biopsy-pathology scheduled to undergo NCT were enrolled.US-DOT was performed and the total hemoglobin concentration(HbT) prior to and at the end of NCT.According to the response to treatment in solid tumors,patients were divided into complete response(CR) group,partial response (PR) group,stable disease (SD) group and progressive disease (PD) group.The analysis of variance compared the differences of HbT before and after NCT in each group; Pearson correlation analyzed the relationship between the relative HbT variation and the tumor size changes;Mixedeffects model analyzed the relationship between HbT and tumor size.Results After NCT,CR group had 8 cases,PR group 30 cases,SD group 12 cases and no PD cases.Before and after NCT,the mean relative variations of HbT before and after NCT were-0.525 ± 0.222,-0.328 ± 0.180 and-0.173 ± 0.167 in CR,PR and SD groups,respectively.The differences of HbT before and after NCT were statistically significant in each group (P ＜0.05).There was significant difference among tumor diameter and HbT in CR group and PR group (P ＜0.001);while in the SD group,there was no difference among tumor diameter and HbT (P ＞ 0.05).The change of HbT after NCT showed positive correlation with the change in tumor size (r =0.6).Mixed-effects model also showed that HbT change was associated with tumor size.Conclusions USDOT marker HbT is closely related to tumor size of breast cancer before and after NCT and may be applied to evaluate the response of breast cancer to NCT.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among nurses with high job stress in a Kunming tertiary hospital. Method The health data from 46 nurses who had gotten a medical examination between August 1 and November 30,2013 in the first people's hospital retrospectively analyzed .Results 76%of 46 nurses enrolled in this study had inordinately CVD risk factors,the top prevalence of CVD risk factors was dyslipidemia (58.9%),followed by hyperviscosity (45.5%),electrocardiographic abnormality (30.8%),overweight (19.2%),and hypertension (9.2%) . Moreover,there was significant differences of CVD risk factors among different departments ( <0.05),which the overall prevalence rate being highest among nurses working in the operating room. Conclusion The nurses with high job stress from tertiary hospital have high risks of CVD,therefore intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of CVD.

Objective To investigate the diabetes self-management (DSM) ability and influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kunming. Methods A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted on type 2 diabetes patients admitted in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from November 2010 to April 2012. Diabetes self-management instrument ( DSMI) was used to test self-management behavior, and psychological status was assessed by Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-5).Results 300 patients participated in the survey.The participant population consisted of 120 males (41.8%) and 168 females (58.2%) .A total of 190 patients (68%) suffered from DM related psychological problems.The mean DSM score was 95.23±20.6, and mean scores for the domain of integration DM care into one’s life, self-regulations, interaction with health professionals,self-blood monitoring glucose,and adherence to recommended regimen were 28.11±6.15,25.22± 5.67,23.06±6.41,10.98±2.96,and 8.75±2.21,respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean score between males and females (P>0.05) .Patients with psychological problems had lower scores in five DSM dimensions than those without psychological problems (P<0.05) . The result of multiple regression showed higher level blood glucose was negatively associated with DSM score, whereas patients with higher income was associated with a higher DSM score (P<0.05) .Conclusions The DSM situation is not good among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kunming, and most of the patients suffer from psychological problem. It is necessary to enhance the effective health education among diabetic patients.