Objective To measure the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a rural area of Kunming. Methods Shilin County was selected as the study region. Disability adjusted life years (DALY) was used to measure the burden to COPD. Results The overall prevalence of COPD was 6.68% , and males had higher prevalence of COPD than females. Females accounted for higher YLL rate and DALY rate due to COPD than males, whereas males had higher YLD rate due to COPD than females. People aged 60 years and over were responsible for higher YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate due to COPD compared to other age group. Conclusion COPD does harm to males' quality of life whereas threatens females' death in the study region. The region should focus on further prevention and control of COPD.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of body weight related index and to explore the relationship between weight related index and cardiovascular diseases in rural residents in Yunnan Province. Methods By random cluster sampling method,rural residents were selected in Yunnan Province. The data were collected by face-to-face questionnaire and medical examination. Results 4070 rural residents in Yunnan participated in this study. The survey results showed that gender,age,education level and ethnicity affected both the distribution of body weight related index and low body weight,overweight,obesity,and central obesity(P < 0.05). Compared with low body weight,non overweight,non obesity and non central obesity group,non low body weight,overweight,obesity and central obesity group had higher prevalence rate of hypertension(P < 0.01). Among central obesity group,the prevalence rate of coronary heart disease was higher than non central obesity group(P < 0.01). Conclusion The distribution of body weight related index in rural residents of Yunnan province showed some special characteristic. The overweight,obesity,and central obesity were related to cardiovascular diseases. Change unhealthy living habits or behavior as well as improving their cultural quality have effects on controlling body weight related index and help to reduce the prevalence rates of overweight,obesity and central obesity which can further reduce the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), one kind of incretins, contributes to control blood glucose level with several routines. It can be degraded rapidly by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). DPP-IV inhibitors augment glucose homeostasis by preventing degradation of GLP-1, which can stimulate insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon secretion, increase satiety, and slow gastric emptying. They are weight neutral, and are associated with low risk of hypoglycemia. This review highlights the characteristics of GLP-1, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions of DPP-IV inhibitors.

Objective To investigate the diabetes self-management (DSM) ability and influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Kunming. Methods A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted on type 2 diabetes patients admitted in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from November 2010 to April 2012. Diabetes self-management instrument ( DSMI) was used to test self-management behavior, and psychological status was assessed by Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-5).Results 300 patients participated in the survey.The participant population consisted of 120 males (41.8%) and 168 females (58.2%) .A total of 190 patients (68%) suffered from DM related psychological problems.The mean DSM score was 95.23±20.6, and mean scores for the domain of integration DM care into one’s life, self-regulations, interaction with health professionals,self-blood monitoring glucose,and adherence to recommended regimen were 28.11±6.15,25.22± 5.67,23.06±6.41,10.98±2.96,and 8.75±2.21,respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean score between males and females (P>0.05) .Patients with psychological problems had lower scores in five DSM dimensions than those without psychological problems (P<0.05) . The result of multiple regression showed higher level blood glucose was negatively associated with DSM score, whereas patients with higher income was associated with a higher DSM score (P<0.05) .Conclusions The DSM situation is not good among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kunming, and most of the patients suffer from psychological problem. It is necessary to enhance the effective health education among diabetic patients.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and economic burden of diabetes in Guandu district of Kunming. Methods We used probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method to select representative sample of 4595 residents aged 18 or over from this district. Each participant received face to face questionnaire interview and physical examination. We applied different methods to measure the direct,indirect and intangible costs of diabetes. Results In the study population, the overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.2%,and females had higher prevalence of diabetes than males (6.2%vs. 5.6%, <0.05) . The DALY/1000 population of diabetes was 3.52, among which males and females were 5.18 and 6.70, respectively. Mean unit direct costs, indirect costs and intangible costs of diabetes were 3464.49 Yuan,84.48 Yuan and 4 045.97 Yuan,respectively. The total economic burden of diabetes was 401.84 million Yuan. Intangible costs represented the largest component of economic burden of diabetes,followed by direct costs. Conclusion The huge economic burden of diabetes has become the cause for concern in Guandu district. Effective measures are needed to reduce the economic burden of diabetes.

Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; surgery ; Spondylosis ; surgery

Objective To analyze the disease burden of Yi nationality.Methods Disability adjusted life years(DALY) was used as the measurement indicator of disease burden.Results The male had greater Years of Life Lost to Premature Death(YLL)per thousand populations,Years of Lived with Disability(YLD) and DALY than did the female almost in each age group.The burden of Neuropsychiatric conditions was the heaviest.The burden of Yi nationality was heavier than Han nationality in diseases during perinatal period and digestive diseases.However,the disease burden of malignant neoplasm of Han nationality was heavier than Yi nationality.Conclusion The prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions,diseases during perinatal period and digestive diseases should be enhanced in Yi nationality.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound-diffuse optical tomography(US-DOT) in evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients with breast cancer.Methods Fifty women with breast cancer confirmed by biopsy-pathology scheduled to undergo NCT were enrolled.US-DOT was performed and the total hemoglobin concentration(HbT) prior to and at the end of NCT.According to the response to treatment in solid tumors,patients were divided into complete response(CR) group,partial response (PR) group,stable disease (SD) group and progressive disease (PD) group.The analysis of variance compared the differences of HbT before and after NCT in each group; Pearson correlation analyzed the relationship between the relative HbT variation and the tumor size changes;Mixedeffects model analyzed the relationship between HbT and tumor size.Results After NCT,CR group had 8 cases,PR group 30 cases,SD group 12 cases and no PD cases.Before and after NCT,the mean relative variations of HbT before and after NCT were-0.525 ± 0.222,-0.328 ± 0.180 and-0.173 ± 0.167 in CR,PR and SD groups,respectively.The differences of HbT before and after NCT were statistically significant in each group (P ＜0.05).There was significant difference among tumor diameter and HbT in CR group and PR group (P ＜0.001);while in the SD group,there was no difference among tumor diameter and HbT (P ＞ 0.05).The change of HbT after NCT showed positive correlation with the change in tumor size (r =0.6).Mixed-effects model also showed that HbT change was associated with tumor size.Conclusions USDOT marker HbT is closely related to tumor size of breast cancer before and after NCT and may be applied to evaluate the response of breast cancer to NCT.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among nurses with high job stress in a Kunming tertiary hospital. Method The health data from 46 nurses who had gotten a medical examination between August 1 and November 30,2013 in the first people's hospital retrospectively analyzed .Results 76%of 46 nurses enrolled in this study had inordinately CVD risk factors,the top prevalence of CVD risk factors was dyslipidemia (58.9%),followed by hyperviscosity (45.5%),electrocardiographic abnormality (30.8%),overweight (19.2%),and hypertension (9.2%) . Moreover,there was significant differences of CVD risk factors among different departments ( <0.05),which the overall prevalence rate being highest among nurses working in the operating room. Conclusion The nurses with high job stress from tertiary hospital have high risks of CVD,therefore intervention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of CVD.

Objective To study the value of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer,and to compared with conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes of breast cancer.Methods Five hundred patients were enrolled into study prospectively from our hospital.The set of standard for patients into study:patients were diagnosed by BI-RADS and classified into class 4 or class 5 preoperative,the maximum diameter of the tumor was less than 2 cm,and there was no case of distant metastasis.Ultrasound guided FNA was performed in each case,and the results were compared with conventional ultrasound diagnosis results,using pathological findings as gold standard.Results The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node by conventional ultrasound were 60.6%,67.6%,77.2%,48.7%,and 63.1%,respectively,and by ultrasound-guided FNA were 78%,100%,100%,71.6%,and 85.6%,respectively.There were significant differences between the two diagnostic methods statistically(χ2=113.2,P<0.001).Conclusions Ultrasound-guided FNA can effectively reduce the number of sentinel lymph node biopsy,which displays a certain clinical value.