OBJECTIVE:To review the recent advances in analgesics study and summarize the drugs for central sensitization and analgesia model by relating to the latest means and methods of research.DATA SOURCES:The literature on analgesics was retrieved in NCBI database for the related papers published between January 1996 and December 2001, with the key words of "analgesia", "analgesic", and "pain"and language restricted to English. At the same time, papers published in the past two years were retrieved in http:∥www.wanfangdata.com.cn, with the key words of "analgesia", "analgesic" and "ganglioplegic" in Chinese and the language restricted to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION:Totally more than 50 000 research references repeated contents.DATA EXTRACTION: Altogether 100 basic research articles were collected. We selected 15 articles relevant to the research development in analgesic drugs, and excluded 82 review papers with repeated content.expressed by proto-oncogene c-Fos located in the nucleus is a kind of DNA conjugated protein. It can regulate the expression of some pain-related genes. Some studies found that substance P synthesis is likely to play a research: Developing the central sensitization drugs is the orientation of sal root ganglion neurons and model of swallowing response were established.CONCLUSION:By investigating the effects of various new research methods and models on pain, we intended to look for more new drugs, to further study neurotransmitters and the clone of transmitter receptor at the cellular and molecular level so as to find the new effect target of the drugs, and to have a better understanding of the integrity of chronic pain in humans and achieve more breakthroughs in the development of neuroscience research.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination and comparison of the content of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris from different habitat. Methods The determination was carried out with Waters Zorbax SunFire C18 (4.6 mm?150 mm, 5 ?m), gradient MeOH-0.1% acetic acid solution was taken as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was at 330 nm. Results The linear range of caffeic acid was 0.099 2～0.496 0 ?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery rate of caffeic acid was 99.75% (RSD=2.27%, n=5). The content of caffeic acid in Prunella vulgaris from different habitat ranged from 0.02% to 0.05%. The linear range of rosmarinic acid was 0.828 8～4.144 0 ?g (r=0.999 8), The average recovery rate of rosmarinic acid was 101.37% (RSD=1.19%, n=5). The content of rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris from different habitat ranged from 0.09% to 0.20%. Conclusion The content of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid in Prunella vulgaris from different habitat varied greatly.

OBJECTIVE:To assess the ability of suppliers and manufacturers in dealing with drug quality problems so as to provide reference for hospital in optimizing future suppliers and manufacturers.METHODS:The drug quality registration form in drug storehouse in 2007 in our hospital was analyzed in respect of the quality of drugs which were classified into type A and type B.RESULTS:The A-type drug quality problems,i.e drug quality problems presented in the production of drugs, accounted for 28.6%,and B-type drug quality problems,i.e drug quality problems involved in circulation and use of drugs, accounted for 71.4%.CONCLUSIONS:Drug quality data analysis report can objectively reflect the overall condition of hospital drug quality and the drug quality of the suppliers,thus it can be used as reference for hospital in optimizing future drug manufacturing enterprises and suppliers.

Objective:To demonstrate whether L carnitine can further improve the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in treatment of anemia. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, group A : L carnitine 1.0 g intravenously infused after every dialysis session; group B: rhEPO 50 150 IU/kg subcutaneously injected once or twice a week; group C: L carnitine and rhEPO given together. The serum albumin, hemoglobin(Hb) and hematocrit(Hct) were monitored for 6 months. Results: The albumin value in L carnitine group was significantly higher than that in rhEPO group ( P

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of protodioscin and diosgenin in Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma from different habitats.Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water solution with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; the detection wavelength was 208 nm; the column temperature was 30℃; the injection volume was 20μL.Results Protodioscin showed a good linear relationship among the range of 1.73–8.64 μg (r=0.999 6), with the average recovery of 101.98% (RSD=1.53%); Diosgenin showed a good linear relationship among the range of 1.03–8.20μg (r=0.999 1), with the average recovery of 101.60% (RSD=2.41%). The contents of protodioscin and diosgenin in Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma from 10 different habitats were in the range of 0.89%–2.24% and 0.75%–3.22%, respectively.Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and with repeatability, which can be used as quality control method of Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma.

BACKGROUND: Emblic leafflower fruit contains rich vitamin C, organic acid and mineral substance. It is indicated in modern research that emblic leaafflower fruit acts on preventing from cancer and anti-aging too. In recent years, more and more concerns have been paid to the researches on functional factor of emblic leafflower fruit and the development of the relevant functional food. It has been verified that emblic leafflower fruit acts on reducing lipid and anti-oxidation in vitro, but there are still lacks of enough basic researches to support it.OBJECTIVE: To probe into mechanism of emblid leafflower fruit on anti-oxidation and protection of vascular endothelial function in rabbits with hyperlipemia.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimental study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Atherosclerosis(As) experimental room in a university hospital.MATERIALS: Totally 24 normal NewZealand male rabbits, mass weighted (2.2±0.5) kg.METHODS: The experiment was performed in As Experimental Room of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from September 2001 to May 2002. Totally 24 New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into the control, the power of emblid leafflower fruit group(powder group)(4 g/kg day) and hypercholesterolemia model group (model group), 8 rabbits in each group. In both power and model groups, the rabbits were fed with hypercholesterol food. Oxidase method was applied to assay the content of serum lipid, chemical method to assay the plasma total anti-oxidation and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), radio-immune method to assay the content of plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), digoxin labeled probe and tissue hybridism in situ to assay the expression of endothelin mRNA of aortic tunica intima, and image analyzer to assay the area of aortic intimal atherosclerosis plaque and the ratio between the area of tunica intima and the area of tunica media.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes included blood lipid level, serum MDA concentration and the comparison of artery plaque areas. The secondary outcomes included the changes in plasma ET-1.RESULTS: By the comparison between the powder group and model group in triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were significantly reduced [(11.70 ± 1.73), (14.32 ±2.22) mmol/L, P<0.05; (0.740 ± 0.107), (1.450 ± 0.220) mmol/L, P <0.01 successively]and thehigh density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was increased MDA was significantly decreased [ (3.88 ± 0.51 ), (6. 29 ± 1.43 ) mmol / L,P < 0.01 ] and the total anti-oxidation significantly increased [ (10. 771der photo-microscope that the plaque area and the ratio between intima area and media area were remarkably decreased [(39.46±6.53), (50.69± 12.36)mmol/L, P < 0.05; (0. 62 ±0. 32), (1.38 ±0.38) mmol/L, Pgranules of aortic intima ET-1 gene were rem~kably decreased compared with the model group.CONCLUSION: Emblic leafflower fruit prevents from the formation of experimental atheromatous plaque in rabbits probably by regulating rabbit lipid metabolism, improving anti-oxidation to reduce lipid peroxidation and protecting endothelial function to inhibit the expression of artery intima ET-1 gene.

Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.were the most common Tibetan medicines.The combination of Phyllanthus emblica L.,Terminalia chebula Retz.and Term inalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.was known as Triphala,which was the basis of the most frequently-used prescriptions.The present study summarized and made a further comparison between Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.over chemical constituents and pharmacological activities,which provided evidence for their clinical use and the basic theory.

Phyllanthus emblica L.has a long history and is abundant in the world.It was used for treating various diseases in nearly twenty countries or nations in regard to traditional medicine system.By retrieving Tibetan medicine in classical books,recent literatures and clinical studies,the application of Phyllanthus emblica in traditional Tibetan medicine system was introduced,including its utilization in hypertension,indigestion,abdominal distension,cough and arthralgia and their related diseases.In the sight of modern pharmacological research,the theory Tibetan medicine of explained Phyllanthus emblica scientifically.Its related researches and development prospects were also deliberated for further researches and various applications,which demonstrated the value of the development of new drugs and health products.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus on cytochrome P450 enzyme of liver microsomes in rats.Cocktail probe substrates were incubated with liver microsomes in vitro.Metabolic elimination percentages of the six probe substrates,including dapsone,dextromethorphan hydrobromide,coumarin,phenacetin,chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide,were determined by HPLC.The effects of tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus on the enzymatic activity of rat liver microsomal P450s was evaluated.It was found that tannins extracted from Phyllanthi Fructus did not impact P450 enzymes.The IC50 values of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 were over 200 μg·mL-1,while the IC50 value of CYP2C9 was superior to 500 tg·mL-1.In conclusion,Tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus did not significantly affect cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Phyllanthus emblica L.,related to common Tibetan medicine,has a function on clearing heat and cooling blood,promoting digestion and invigorating stomach,and producing saliva and slaking thirst.The compound of Dasanguo,made of Phyllanthus emblica,F.terminalia billericae and F.chebula,was a widely used preparation in Tibetan medicine,and was also a basic formula in other prescriptions.This study summarized the untilization of Phyllanthus emblica in traditional Tibetan medicine and elucidated the effects of Phyllanthus emblica in the compounds of Tibetan medicine,which provided a reference for the studies of Tibetan medicine and its modern application.