Objective Some blood donors were negative for the surface antigen but positive for the core antibody,leading to acute hepatitis.This study was to determine the seroprevalence of the hepatitis B core antibody in voluntary blood donors.Methods A total of 9100 donor samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis B core antibody with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The samples which were positive for the core antibody were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the hepatitis B DNA detection.Results Among the 9100 donors,911 (10.01％) donors were positive for the core antibody.The hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 199 (2.19％) donors.Among the 911 donors who were positive for the core antibody,820 (90.01％) donors were negative for the HB-sAg,and 35 donors were positive for hepatitis B DNA.Conclusions If a routine screening of the sera for the core antibody is not done,the HBV DNA viraemia may not be identified.The absence of the surface antigen in the blood of apparently healthy individuals may not be sufficient to ensure the lack of the circulating virus.It is necessary to attach importance to the blood donors screening HBsAg-negative population further serological testing,suspicious specimens should detect HBV DNA.

【Objective】To observe the dynamic changes of flavonoids contents of Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck var.tomentosa Hort..【Methods】The total flavonoid content was determined by spectral photometric analysis and naringin content by HPLC,and the fingerprints of Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck var.tomentosa Hort.were studied by HPLC.【Results】With the increase of the fruit age,total flavonoid contents in the peel and the leaves of Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck var.tomentosa Hort.decreased obviously.Fingerprints results showed that at the early fruit age the rhoifolin content in the peel increased with the fruit age and began to decrease 62 days later,while the rhoifolin content in the leaves showed no changes.【Conclusion】In terms of active components contents and economic value,the optimal collecting time for Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck var.tomentosa Hort.is:young fruit,34 days,and immature fruit,55 days.

OBJECTIVE To get knowledge of the drugs resistance change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit ICU, so as to offer the first-hand information to the clinical preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) were performed from 2001 to 2006. RESULTS The most frequent isolates were P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii in 2001-2004. S. aureus were more than A. baumannii in 2006 and became the majore isolated bacteria in the sputum of the ICU patients. The incidence of drug resistance increased yearly(0, 25.0%, 29.4%, 74.4%, 87.7%, 92.7%, respectively) in S. aureus, and it was susceptibte to vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS It was showed that P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, A. baumannii and S. aureus were the major pathogens in the ICU, showing high drug resistance. Doctors should pay more attention to analyze the bacterial resistance profile in order to decrease the incidence of drug resistance and use the antibiotics properly.

Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.were the most common Tibetan medicines.The combination of Phyllanthus emblica L.,Terminalia chebula Retz.and Term inalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.was known as Triphala,which was the basis of the most frequently-used prescriptions.The present study summarized and made a further comparison between Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.over chemical constituents and pharmacological activities,which provided evidence for their clinical use and the basic theory.

Phyllanthus emblica L.has a long history and is abundant in the world.It was used for treating various diseases in nearly twenty countries or nations in regard to traditional medicine system.By retrieving Tibetan medicine in classical books,recent literatures and clinical studies,the application of Phyllanthus emblica in traditional Tibetan medicine system was introduced,including its utilization in hypertension,indigestion,abdominal distension,cough and arthralgia and their related diseases.In the sight of modern pharmacological research,the theory Tibetan medicine of explained Phyllanthus emblica scientifically.Its related researches and development prospects were also deliberated for further researches and various applications,which demonstrated the value of the development of new drugs and health products.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus on cytochrome P450 enzyme of liver microsomes in rats.Cocktail probe substrates were incubated with liver microsomes in vitro.Metabolic elimination percentages of the six probe substrates,including dapsone,dextromethorphan hydrobromide,coumarin,phenacetin,chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide,were determined by HPLC.The effects of tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus on the enzymatic activity of rat liver microsomal P450s was evaluated.It was found that tannins extracted from Phyllanthi Fructus did not impact P450 enzymes.The IC50 values of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 were over 200 μg·mL-1,while the IC50 value of CYP2C9 was superior to 500 tg·mL-1.In conclusion,Tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus did not significantly affect cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Phyllanthus emblica L.,related to common Tibetan medicine,has a function on clearing heat and cooling blood,promoting digestion and invigorating stomach,and producing saliva and slaking thirst.The compound of Dasanguo,made of Phyllanthus emblica,F.terminalia billericae and F.chebula,was a widely used preparation in Tibetan medicine,and was also a basic formula in other prescriptions.This study summarized the untilization of Phyllanthus emblica in traditional Tibetan medicine and elucidated the effects of Phyllanthus emblica in the compounds of Tibetan medicine,which provided a reference for the studies of Tibetan medicine and its modern application.

Phyllanthus emblica L.is related to traditional tibetan medicine,containing diversified pharmacological and physiological functions,such as anti-tumor effects,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-oxidation funtions,slow down in glycemia and blood pressure and the prevention of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases,etc.In this study,the research progress on the anti-tumor efficacy of monomer compounds and the extraction of Phyllanthus emblica L.were reviewed,providing references for the anti-tumor studies of Phyllanthus emblica L.

This paper was aimed to establish the HPLC fingerprint of T.Billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.tannin fraction.The analysis was performed on Atlantic T3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) C18 column.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2％ glacial acetic acid aqueous solution with gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The injection size was 20 μL.The temperature was maintained at 30℃.Eleven batches of T.Billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.tannin fraction of chromatographic data was analyzed by similarity of chromatographic data,SPSS software and SIMCA software.There were 20 common peaks in the diagram.The similarity analysis of 11 samples revealed that the similarities were between 0.832 and 0.973.Only the similarity of tannin parts from Xinjiang was below 0.9.The cluster analysis classified the tannin parts into 3 types,which shared the similar results as the principal components analysis (PCA).PLS-DA found that peak 1,13 and 14 may be the main chromatographic peaks to identify tannins fraction.The HPLC-MSn information of 14 compounds in T.billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.was summarized.It was concluded that chemometrics analysis method can be used to analyze the HPLC fingerprint of T.billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.tannin fraction.This method was rapid,simple,and reproducible.It can be used as one of the effective methods for the quality control of T.billerica (Gaertn.) Roxb.tannin fraction.

This article was aimed to study the stability of tannin parts in Phyllanthus emblica L.in artificial gastric and intestinal juice,in order to provide a foundation for in vivo studies of Phyllanthus emblica L.HPLC-UV was used to determine the contents of main ingredients.The results showed that stability of main ingredients of tannin parts in Phyllanthus emblica L.,including gallic acid (GA),corilagin and ellagic acid (EA),in the artificial gastric juice.The content change was not obvious.The residual content was within 100％.The half-life was above 90 h.They were unstable in the artificial intestinal juice.The content was first increased and then decreased.The residual content was 100-300％.The half-life was above 10 h.It was concluded that the tannin parts in Phyllanthus emblica L.was stable in artificial gastric juice.And content changes of main components were not obvious.The tannin parts in Phyllanthus emblica L.were unstable in artificial intestinal juice.The main ingredients were first increased and then decreased.It was speculated that macromolecule can hydrolyze tannin part into small molecules.Hnwever,as time increases,all components may be decomposed.