Objective To ex pl ore the action of T 3 on neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and the change of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA expression during NSC differentiation. Methods Human embryonic brain-derived NSC was suc cessfully expanded into neurospheres with mitogens and identified by immunocytoc hemistry method. T 3 was used to induce the differentiation of NSC. During the NSC differentiation, mRNA expression levels of different TRs were detected by se miquantitative RT-PCR. At the same time the cell types of the differentiated ce lls were identified by immunocytochemistry method. Results After being induced by T 3, NSC could differentiate into neuron, ol igodendrocyte, astrocyte, but myelin basic protein positive cells accounted for 80%. The time sequence expression of different TRs mRNAs existed during NSC diff erentiation. Conclusion T 3 can induce NSC to develop to glial cell and is an important regulator of the oligodendrocyte diffe nrentiation. T 3 exerts distinct effects through time sequence expressions of d ifferent TRs mRNAs.

The paper introduced the literatures on "identification of cause according to syndrome differenciation" in Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties.Some typical books about cold attack,such as Shang Han Zong Bing Lun,Nan Yang Huo Ren Shu,Shang Han Fa Wei Lun and Shang Han Ming Li Lun,which can fully reflect the fact that the TCM theory of "identification of cause according to syndrome differentiation" developed well in that period.

Five natriuretic peptides (NP) have been identified: A-type, B-type, C-type, D-type and V-type. All of them have ringed-structures. The actions of the natriuretic peptides are modulated through their cognate receptors, which are named as NPR-A,NPR-B and NPR-C. The receptors are involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascades,which take part in many different physiological regulation, such as diureses,vasodilatation, depressing blood pressure, improving immunity, promoting development of bone, regulating nerve system and so on. At present, ANP and BNP have become a marker in diagnostic some cardiovascular diseases.

[Summary] Serum cystatin C levels were measured by microparticle enhanced turbidimetry in 114 type 2diabetic patients without retinopathy (group A) and 105 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy (group B),as well as 47 normal healthy individuals as controls (group NC).The results showed that the serum cystatin C level of group B was much higher than those of group NC and group A (P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in serum cystatin C level between group NC and group A.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum levels of cystatin C and cholesterol,and systemic blood pressure were independent risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients (all P＜0.05),suggesting that detection of serum cystatin C level may play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

[Objective]To observe the relativity between congestive heart failure(CHF) differentiation types of TCM and thyroid gland hormone,BNP and heart function parameters.[Method] Divide CHF patients into 4 groups,measure their heart function parameters,BNP and thyroid hormone,compare it to that of control group(21 cases).[Result] In CHF combined with blood stasis group,T3 level is much more reduced than that of control group and groups of heart Qi deficiency and combination of Yin deficiency(P

0.05).Conclusion:The pcDNA3.1/hTSHR has been successfully constructed.Animal models of Graves' disease have been made successfully by genetic immunization.

The thesis,from the aspect of professional guidance of education,focuses on the outstanding problems that exist in the work of professional guidance,analyzes the main reasons that caused those outstanding problems,and gives the feasible suggestions to professional guidance in current university education.

Objective To investigate the peroxide effects of iodide excess on mitochondria in Fischer rat thyroid cell line(FRTL) in the early period.Methods After treatment with 0.0 mmol/L(control group) or 0.1 mmol/L potassium iodide(KI) for 2,4 and 24 h,respectively,changes of mitochondrial superoxide formation were assayed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy using mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine(MitoSOX).The cytochrome c (cyt c) released from mitochondria to cytoplasm was detected by immunocytochemistry.The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into supernatant was measured by a LDH kit using colorimetry.The percent of dead cells was assayed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI).DNA with loading buffer was separated in 1％ agarose gel.Results Mitochondrial superoxide production in FRTL cells treated with 0.1 mmol/L KI was increased at 2; 4 and 24 h,especially at 2 h.The rates of cyc c protein immunity positive cells at 2,4 and 24 h in 0.1 mmol/L KI group were (35.3 ± 3.6)％,(45.8 ± 5.5)％ and (30.3 ± 6.1)％,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in control group[(14.8 ± 1.2)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The LDHs released into supernatant at 2,4 and 24 h in 0.1 mmol/L KI group were (1.85 ± 0.32),(6.63 ± 0.42) and (8.35 ± 0.34)U/mg,and these values at 4 and 24 h in 0.1 mmol/L KI group were significantly higher than that of control group[(0.89 ± 0.04)U/mg,all P ＜ 0.05].After incubation with 0.1 mmol/L KI for 2,4 and 24 h,the percentages of dead FRTL cells were 7.52％,9.29％ and 13.71％,respectively,while that of control group was 4.66％.After FRTL cells were treated with 0.1 mmol/L KI for 24 h,DNA ladder appeared.Conclusion Iodide excess (0.1 mmol/L) can cause mitochondrial peroxide injury in FRTL cells at 2 h and cell apoptosis at 24 h.

AIM: To investigate the effects of poly (I:C) as virus mimics on iodine excess-induced chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in NOD mouse. METHODS: Female, 32 NOD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) control;(2) high iodine;(3) poly (I:C);(4) high iodine+poly (I:C). Nine weeks after administration, mice were sacrificed. The following parameters were determined: body weight, thyroid weight and anatomic form. Thyroid hormone (T_4) in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay, the thyroid morphology was observed through HE staining, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, the mRNA expression levels of TRAIL, TRAIL-sR1, ICAM-1 and CXCL10 were determined by the method of real time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared to control group and poly (I:C) group, the thyroid absolute weight and relative weight in high iodine group were increased (P<0.01), the level of total T_4 in serum was decreased (P<0.05), inflammation and apoptosis were obviously observed, the mRNA expressions of TRAIL, TRAIL-sR1, CXCL10 and ICAM-1 were upregulated (P<0.05). Compared to high iodine group, thyroid absolute weight and relative weight in high iodine+poly (I:C) group were further increased, the level of total T_4 in serum was further decreased (P<0.05), the ratio of inflammatory degree Ⅳ increased to 50.0%, the numbers of apoptosis cells were further enhanced, the mRNA expressions of TRAIL, TRAIL-sR1, ICAM-1 and CXCL10 were further upregulated (P<0.05). Otherwise, the tendency of all parameters in poly (I:C) group was similar to that in control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Poly (I:C) aggravates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis induced by excess of iodine associated with increase in infiltration of lymphocytes and induction of apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2)on mitochondrial superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential changes(△ψ)in fisher rat thyroid cell line(FRTL).Methods:Following 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 exposure in FRTL cells for 10 min,30 min and 24 h,mitochondrial superoxide production was measured by living cell imaging and flow cytometry using MitoSOX.The mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed by spectrofluorimeter and fluorescent microscopy using rhodamine 123(rh123).The cell viability was detected by MTT colorimetric method.Morphological changes were observed by invert microscope.Apoptosis assay was performed by acridine orange staining.Results:Quantitative measurements of the mean intensities of MitoSOX demonstrated significant increase with 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 following 10 min,30 min and 24 h treatment in FRTL cells compared with that of control.Fluorescence intensity of rh123 and optical density of MTr were significantly decreased in FRTL ceils with 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 following 30 min and 24 h treatment(P ＜ 0.01).Under light microscope and fluorescence microscope the characteristic morphological features of programmed cell death,pickuosis,karyorrhexis,and cell shrinkage were observed after acridine orange staining.Conclusion:Acute and chronic exogenous H_2O_2 exposure cause oxide stress in FRTL cells,which result in the increase of mitochondrial superoxide production,△ψdecline,cell necrosis and apoptosis.