Objective To ex pl ore the action of T 3 on neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and the change of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA expression during NSC differentiation. Methods Human embryonic brain-derived NSC was suc cessfully expanded into neurospheres with mitogens and identified by immunocytoc hemistry method. T 3 was used to induce the differentiation of NSC. During the NSC differentiation, mRNA expression levels of different TRs were detected by se miquantitative RT-PCR. At the same time the cell types of the differentiated ce lls were identified by immunocytochemistry method. Results After being induced by T 3, NSC could differentiate into neuron, ol igodendrocyte, astrocyte, but myelin basic protein positive cells accounted for 80%. The time sequence expression of different TRs mRNAs existed during NSC diff erentiation. Conclusion T 3 can induce NSC to develop to glial cell and is an important regulator of the oligodendrocyte diffe nrentiation. T 3 exerts distinct effects through time sequence expressions of d ifferent TRs mRNAs.

Five natriuretic peptides (NP) have been identified: A-type, B-type, C-type, D-type and V-type. All of them have ringed-structures. The actions of the natriuretic peptides are modulated through their cognate receptors, which are named as NPR-A,NPR-B and NPR-C. The receptors are involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascades,which take part in many different physiological regulation, such as diureses,vasodilatation, depressing blood pressure, improving immunity, promoting development of bone, regulating nerve system and so on. At present, ANP and BNP have become a marker in diagnostic some cardiovascular diseases.

The paper introduced the literatures on "identification of cause according to syndrome differenciation" in Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties.Some typical books about cold attack,such as Shang Han Zong Bing Lun,Nan Yang Huo Ren Shu,Shang Han Fa Wei Lun and Shang Han Ming Li Lun,which can fully reflect the fact that the TCM theory of "identification of cause according to syndrome differentiation" developed well in that period.

[Summary] Serum cystatin C levels were measured by microparticle enhanced turbidimetry in 114 type 2diabetic patients without retinopathy (group A) and 105 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy (group B),as well as 47 normal healthy individuals as controls (group NC).The results showed that the serum cystatin C level of group B was much higher than those of group NC and group A (P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in serum cystatin C level between group NC and group A.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum levels of cystatin C and cholesterol,and systemic blood pressure were independent risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients (all P＜0.05),suggesting that detection of serum cystatin C level may play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

The thesis,from the aspect of professional guidance of education,focuses on the outstanding problems that exist in the work of professional guidance,analyzes the main reasons that caused those outstanding problems,and gives the feasible suggestions to professional guidance in current university education.

[Objective]To observe the relativity between congestive heart failure(CHF) differentiation types of TCM and thyroid gland hormone,BNP and heart function parameters.[Method] Divide CHF patients into 4 groups,measure their heart function parameters,BNP and thyroid hormone,compare it to that of control group(21 cases).[Result] In CHF combined with blood stasis group,T3 level is much more reduced than that of control group and groups of heart Qi deficiency and combination of Yin deficiency(P

0.05).Conclusion:The pcDNA3.1/hTSHR has been successfully constructed.Animal models of Graves' disease have been made successfully by genetic immunization.

Objective To investigate the peroxide effects of iodide excess on mitochondria in Fischer rat thyroid cell line(FRTL) in the early period.Methods After treatment with 0.0 mmol/L(control group) or 0.1 mmol/L potassium iodide(KI) for 2,4 and 24 h,respectively,changes of mitochondrial superoxide formation were assayed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy using mitochondria-targeted hydroethidine(MitoSOX).The cytochrome c (cyt c) released from mitochondria to cytoplasm was detected by immunocytochemistry.The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into supernatant was measured by a LDH kit using colorimetry.The percent of dead cells was assayed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI).DNA with loading buffer was separated in 1％ agarose gel.Results Mitochondrial superoxide production in FRTL cells treated with 0.1 mmol/L KI was increased at 2; 4 and 24 h,especially at 2 h.The rates of cyc c protein immunity positive cells at 2,4 and 24 h in 0.1 mmol/L KI group were (35.3 ± 3.6)％,(45.8 ± 5.5)％ and (30.3 ± 6.1)％,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in control group[(14.8 ± 1.2)％,all P ＜ 0.05].The LDHs released into supernatant at 2,4 and 24 h in 0.1 mmol/L KI group were (1.85 ± 0.32),(6.63 ± 0.42) and (8.35 ± 0.34)U/mg,and these values at 4 and 24 h in 0.1 mmol/L KI group were significantly higher than that of control group[(0.89 ± 0.04)U/mg,all P ＜ 0.05].After incubation with 0.1 mmol/L KI for 2,4 and 24 h,the percentages of dead FRTL cells were 7.52％,9.29％ and 13.71％,respectively,while that of control group was 4.66％.After FRTL cells were treated with 0.1 mmol/L KI for 24 h,DNA ladder appeared.Conclusion Iodide excess (0.1 mmol/L) can cause mitochondrial peroxide injury in FRTL cells at 2 h and cell apoptosis at 24 h.

Objective Through detecting the expression of chemokine CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 in thyroiditis of NOD mice induced by excessive iodine and thyroglobulin (Tg) immunization,to explore the mechanism of lymphocytic infiltration.Methods Seven to eight weeks old female NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice were used,the mice were divided into four groups by random number table,7 mice for each group.Control group:intoke distilled water;,Tg group:intoke'distilled water,use pig Tg emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant subcutaneous injection to immunization,0.10 mg Tg for each mouse at 8 weeks old,strengthened immunity at 11 and 15 weeks old (0.05 mg Tg for each mouse,and emulsified by Freund's incomplete adjuvant); iodine excess (HI) group:intoke 0.05％ NaI water; iodine excess combined with Tg (HI + Tg) group:intoke 0.05％ NaI water,Tg immunization method was same to Tg group; all mice were raised in specific pathogen free (SPF) environment.All mice were executed at 16 weeks old,and removed the thyroid tissue.Morphologic change in thyroid was observed by HE staining.Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to observe CD3,CD22,CCL21 and CCR7 expression in thyroid.Real-time PCR was used to detect CCL21 mRNA expression in thyroid.Results The morphologic change of thyroid was observed under the light microscope,in HI group,thyroid follicle distended,colloid accumulation,lymphocytes accumulate together and disorganization was seen; Tg group thyroid had scatted lymphocytes; HI + Tg group enhanced inflammation response and disorganization.IF staining showed that lymphocytes infiltrated in thyroid were almost CD3+ T cells,only few scatted CD22+ B cells; CCL21 and CCR7 were negative in control group,CCR7 positive cells were scatted in Tg group but no CCL21 expression,in HI and HI + Tg groups,we could see CCL21 strong positive expression in inflammation area and also had CCR7 positive cells there.CCL21 mRNA relative expression in thyroid:Tg group (3.20 ± 0.18),HI group (1.72 ± 0.31),and HI ± Tg group (9.94 ± 0.32) increased compared to control group (1.00 ± 0.17,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 have improved lymphocytic infiltration in autoimmune thyroiditis

AIM:To investigate the effects of poly (I:C) as virus mimics on iodine excess-induced chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in NOD mouse. METHODS:Female,32 NOD mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:(1) control; (2) high iodine; (3) poly (I:C); (4) high iodine+poly (I:C). Nine weeks after administration,mice were sacrificed. The following parameters were determined:body weight,thyroid weight and anatomic form. Thyroid hormone (T4) in serum was measured by radioimmunoassay,the thyroid morphology was observed through HE staining,apoptosis was detected by TUNEL,the mRNA expression levels of TRAIL,TRAIL-sR1,ICAM-1 and CXCL10 were determined by the method of real time RT-PCR. RESULTS:Compared to control group and poly (I:C) group,the thyroid absolute weight and relative weight in high iodine group were increased (P0.05). CONCLUSION:Poly (I:C) aggravates chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis induced by excess of iodine associated with increase in infiltration of lymphocytes and induction of apoptosis.