Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of diarrhea patients visiting enteric disease clinics in Beijing .Methods A total of 595 stool samples were collected among outpatients with diarrhea vistiting enteric disease clinics at two sentinel hospitals from July 2013 to June 2014 . Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E . coli) , Vibrio parahemolyticus , O1 or O139 Vibrio cholerae , Salmonella and Shigella were isolated according to standard methods . And rotavirus , norovirus , astrovirus and enteric adenovirus were identified by molecular techniques .The characteristics of population and temporal distribution , and serotypes of these pathogens were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method .Chi‐square test was used for comparison between groups .Results Totally 128 bacterial strains were isolated from 595 samples ,and the detection rate was 21 .5% .Diarrheagenic E .coli was most common pathogenic bacteria (11 .4% ,68/595) ,followed by Vibrio parahemolyticus (6 .9% , 41/595) ,Salmonella (2 .4% ,14/595) and Shigella (2 .2% ,13/595) .No V ibrio cholerae was detected . One hundred and twelve viral strains were detected from all samples ,and the positive rate was 18 .8% . Norovirus was most common viral pathogen (9 .1% ,54/595) ,followed by rotavirus (8 .7% ,52/595) , astrovirus (1 .8% , 11/595 ) and enteric adenovirus (0 .7% , 4/595) . Enteropathogenic E .coli , enterotoxigenic E .coli and enteroadhesive E .coli were the most common types of diarrheagenic E .coli . The most common serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was O4∶K8 .The detection rate of bacterial pathogens reached the peak from June to September ,while the highest detection rate of viral pathogens was found from November to the next March .Conclusion Norovirus and rotavirus are also the main pathogens of the diarnhea patients visiting enteric clinics ,which should be paid enough attention .

Objective To compare the bacteriostasis effect of two disinfectants on frequently touched object sur-faces in laminar flow general intensive care unit (GICU),and investigate bacterial contamination on the object sur-faces,so as to provide reference for proper disinfection method and control of infection.Methods Specimens from surfaces of bed rails and bedside tables were taken for bacterial culture before being disinfected.Then object sur-faces around bed units were disinfected with disinfectant containing 500 mg/L of available chloride (routing group) and GammaTM disinfecting wet wipes (control group)respectively,bacteriostasis rate and qualified rate of bacterial count on object surfaces between two kinds of disinfection methods were compared.Results Before routine disinfec-tion,a total of 87 pathogens were isolated from 200 specimens of object surfaces,bacterial contamination rate was 43.50%. Detection rate of gram-positive bacteria was 78.16%% (n =68),the major were Corynebacterium (26.47%,n = 18), Staphylococcus aureus (23.53%,n=16)and Staphylococcus epidermidis (23.53%,n=16);detection rate of gram-nega-tive bacteria was 21.84%(n=19),the major was Acinetobacter baumannii (63.16%,n=12).After a 10-minute disinfec-tion on surfaces,bacteriostasis rate of routine group and control group was (94.89±7.72)% and(96.33 ±12.88)% re-spectively,there was no significant difference between two groups(P >0.05);qualified rates of bacterial count of object surfaces of two groups were both 100%.Conclusion Regular disinfection of object surfaces around bed units,stand-ardization of the manipulation and hand hygiene compliance of medical personnels are simple and effective method of cutting off bacteria dissemination and preventing healthcare-associated infection.

Objective: To explore the influence of metabolic syndrome on the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, urban residents aged 40-79 years in Guiyang were followed-up for three years. The end-points were CVD events and all-cause mortality. COX proportional hazards model were used for the corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD events and all-cause mortality. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: A total of 7 313 subjects were included. 146 cases of CVD events and 80 cases of all-cause mortality were recorded. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and blood lipid levels, the metabolic syndrome increased the risks of CVD events and all-cause mortality. The HRs were 1.43 (P=0.037) and 1.25 (P=0.418), respectively. As compared metabolic syndrome with non-metabolic syndrome, an increased risk of CVD events was found. The HR was 1.43 (P=0.013). No significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality was found in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion The metabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk of CVD events and there was no significant increase in all-cause mortality. Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for CVD events.