Objective To observe the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (AF) distribution at the posterior pole in normal subjects. Methods Seventy-nine normal subjects (156 eyes) were studied.Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) HRA2 was used to obtain the AF average image at the posterior pole. The distance was calibrated by Digimizer image analysis system. With umbo as the center,the macula was divided into foveola, foves, parafovea and perifovea areas which with the radius 175, 750,1250 and 2750 μm respectively. Each area was further divided into inferior, superior, temporal and nasal quadrants by two radial lines angle of 90°, except for foveola. The AF intensity in four quadrants of different macular regions and optic disc were measured. The AF intensity in vertical and horizontal direction of umbo was also measured. Then the effects of age, eyes, and gender on AF intensity in four quadrants of different macular regions were analyzed. Results There were statistically significant differences in AF intensity among optic disc and four quadrants of macular regions (F=528. 648, P＜0.05). AF distribution was V-type in vertical direction and M-type in horizontal direction. There were statistically significant differences between age groups in foveola, inferior parafovea, temporal parafovea, inferior perifovea,superior perifovea and temporal perifovea (P＜ 0. 01). There were no statistically significant differences between the two eyes (P＞0. 05). Between genders group, there were statistically significant differences in foveola, superior foves, inferior fovea, nasal fovea and temporal perifovea (P ＜ 0.05); no statistically significant differences in the other quadrants (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The distribution of AF intensity is inhomogeneous in macular regions and four quadrants of each region in normal subjects. AF intensity increases with aging. AF distribution is symmetrical in both eyes. There is probably no correlation between gender and AF intensity distribution.

Enteral nutrition plays an irreplaceable role in the nutritional treatment of critically ill patients. In order to help clinical medical staff to manage the common complications during the implementations of enteral nutrition for critically ill patients, the consensus writing team carried out literature retrieval, literature quality evaluation, evidence synthesis. Several topics such as diarrhea, aspiration, high gastric residual volume, abdominal distension, etc. were assessed by evidence-based methodology and Delphi method. After two rounds of expert investigations, Expert consensus on prevention and management of enteral nutrition therapy complications for critically ill patients in China (2021 edition) developed, and provided guidance for clinical medical staff.

The concept,connotation and extension,goals and tasks of the discipline of Chinese medicinal materials resource chem-istry have been proposed and developed for 20 years.Looking back at the 20-year construction and development process,continuous exploration and innovative practice have been carried out around the scientific production and effective utilization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.The theoretical connotation has been further enriched,the research mode has been further improved,and the tech-nical system has been further expanded.A series of research results have been formed and promoted for application,serving the high-quality development of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials industry,and contributing to the improvement of quality,efficiency,and green development of the entire industry chain of Chinese medicinal resources.However,with the rapid growth of Chinese medici-nal materials industry and the continuous expansion and extension of the industry chain,the waste and by-products generated in the production process of Chinese medicinal agriculture and industry are increasing day by day,causing resource waste and environmental pollution,which has become a new major problem facing the development of the industry.This article focuses on the establishment and case analysis of a model for the full industry chain recycling and low-carbon green development of Chinese medicinal materials,as well as the creation of an ecological industry demonstration park for the recycling of Chinese medicinal materials.It showcases the phased a-chievements made in recent years,aiming to provide demonstration and reference for the low-carbon and green transformation of the Chinese medicinal materials industry from a linear economy model to a circular economy model.It provides reference for improving the efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials utilization and creating new quality productivity,and helps promote low-carbon and green de-velopment in the field of Chinese medicinal materials industry.