Long-term using of immunosuppressants is necessary to prolong the lifetime of transplanted organ and transplant recipients after transplantation.Due to the great variation in metabolism of immunosuppressive drug,there is the close correlation between drug concentration and rejection or organ injury induced by immunosuppressants.The gene polymorphism of multidrug resistance protein (MDR) and cytochrome P450 isoenzyme (CYP450) could lead to the difference of expression or activation of corresponding coded proteins.Individual gene polymorphism causes not only some special drug metabolism difference,but the huge diversity of the distribution of drug metabolism and drug target function.Except for the clinical therapeutic drug monitoring,detecting hereditary variation and gene polymorphism,analyzing the significance of individual gene polymorphism in drug effect and toxicity,applying individual treatment in clinical treatment research,will be the new mission and challenge for the clinical laboratory technologists.

With the rapid development of the individual medical care in the 21st century,based on the quick advancement of the preclinical immunology as well as the relevant bioscience technology,the application of clinical immunological diagnostic inspection has been involved in multiple diseases,including the investigation of the pathology,diagnosis,selection of the treatment regime and the evaluation of the therapy efficacy.Along with the further research,novel means of the treatment and the inspection technology have been to be utilized or explored.The focus should be concentrated on the utilization of the new technologies,new ways of the clinical immunological inspection,improving the fabric of the knowledge and the application ability of the professionals in this major,in order to provide effective service to the clinical medical care and the health of the patients.

As the application of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) is widely used among children with asthma,the heterogeneity of response to montelukast and its related factors are attracting more and more attention.At present,the research has made some progresses,but it is still in the stage of development and cannot reach a consensus.The related factors,including individual characteristics,body mass index,smoking exposure,genetic factors are described in this review,to improve the rationality of drug selection in order to reduce side effects 、improving therapeutic efficacy and achieve good asthma control.

With the rapid advancement of immunology and molecular biology,many new revelations and ideas were drew for clinical immunology in laboratory medicine.In the current circumstances of application of clinical pathway management and individual medical care,how to accurately grasp these changes to build perfect quality system for clinical immunology laboratory,clarify the immunology laboratory pathway and integrate that into clinical pathway management,make solid progress for the promotion and application of individual diagnosis and evaluate the diagnostic value of new technique and item for clinical immunology laboratory accurately might be worth pondering for every people working in clinical immunology laboratory.In this paper,the status quo and reflection of clinical immunology is reviewed.

Aim To explore the effect of TRPV4 in thermoregulation.Methods We made the fever model with lipopolysaccharide in rat and used ruthenium red(RR) to inhibit the activity of TRPV4 to studied the content of TRPV4,cAMP and the concentration of [Ca2+]i.Result Given RR solely decreased the temperature Compared with LPS group,the increase amplitude of T,camp,[Ca2+]i all degrade in RR+LPS group And the content of TRPV4 are less than control group.Conclusion ① TRPV4 may participate the maintenance of normothermia;② The ferverscence was implemented by activating TRPV4 channel to induce a large calcium influx and then increasing the content of cAMP.

group N;?T(300～480 min) and TRI8 of group CPZ+LPS was significantly higher than that of group LPS(P

Objective To study the clinicalpathological characteristics,surgical treatment andprognosis of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST).Methods The clinical data of 160 cases of pathologically confirmed GIST were retrospectively reviewed.Clinical features,pathological characteristics andimmune markers were studied by multiple factor analysis.Results There were no intraoperative or deathsin 140 patients who underwent radical resection.Univariate analysis of survival revealed significant differences in the main tumor pathological characteristics,including mitotic figure and metastasis and Fletcher'sclassification(P <0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive rates of KIA and CD133were 97.6% and 81.3% respectively,and their influences to survival prognosis were of statistical significance(P <0.05).A total of 145(90.6%)patients finished the follow up and 53 cases of them had multiple liver metastasis.These patients received imatinib mesylate(400 mg/d)and the efficacy was significant(P <0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that Fletcher's classification and imatinib mesylatewere the independent risk factors affecting prognosis.Conclusion Fletcher's classification is an effectivemethod for evaluating the prognosis of GIST.Radical resection and imatinib mesylate can reach a remarkable curative effect in treating original and metastatic lesions of the GIST patients.

56 school-aged children with epilepsy and 37 normal ones of the same gender,age and educational level were selected. All the subjects' parents completed the child adaptive behavior scale, the mutiple stepwise linear re-gression was used to explore the impact of epilepsy related factors on social adaptive function. The social adaptive function of school-aged children with epilepsy faulty is affected by seizure frequence,gender,age,epilepsy control, clinical course,and the number of antiepileptic drugs.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Humans

Objective To observe optic nerve axons degenerative disorder and microglial responses by establishing unilateral optic nerve crush model.Methods YFP mouse group with axonal markers and GFP mouse group with microglia markers were divided into surgery and control group,the optic nerve were dissected at 4 hours,1 day,3 days,5 days,10 days after optic nerve crush,and the neuronal degenerative disorder and microglial responses were observed by confocal laser scanning microscope.Rrsults Compared with control group,the optic nerve axons in YFP mouse group were fractured in injury region at postoperative 4 hours;The partial axon became beadlike change at postoperative 1 day;Most of the axons turned into the process of beadlike change at postoperative 3 days;The axons became to debris from beadlike at postoperative 5 days;The axons changed into many debris at postoperative 10 days.Compared with control group,the formation of glial scar and resting microglia in GFP mouse group began to emerge at postoperative 4 hours;The microglia gradually activated and began to cover the injury region at postoperative 1 day;The activated miacroglia basically covered the injury region at postoperative 3 days;The number of microglia roughly remained stable,although the axons continued to deteriorate at postoperative 5 days and 10 days.Conclusion The optic nerve occur irreversible degenerative disorder after being injured,meanwhile with the microglial increase and activation.This phenomenon suggests that microglia is closely associated with optic nerve degeneration.