Objective To explore the effect of remifentanil postconditioning on rats subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury and the relative mechanisms.Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into six groups (n=13): sham group (group S), ischemia/reperfusion group (group IR), naloxone group (group NAL), 5 μg·kg-1·min-1 remifentanil postconditioning group (group R1), 10 μg·kg-1·min-1remifentanil postconditioning group (group R2) and 20 μg·kg-1·min-1remifentanil postconditioning group (group R3).Group IR was given 45 min ischemia in the left descending anterior (LAD), followed by a 24-h period of reperfusion.Groups R1, R2, R3 received 10 min of remifentanil infusion of 5, 10 and 20 μg·kg-1·min-1 after 35 min ischemia followed by a 24 h period of reperfusion.Group NAL was given injection of naloxone 0.1 mg/kg at the point of 25 min myocardial ischemia, after 10 min, then remifentanil 10 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 10 min.The myocardial infarct size and pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed, serum cTnI, LDH and CK-MB level were measured.Results Compared with group S, serum cTnI, LDH and CK-MB and myocardial infarct size were markedly increased in groups IR, NAL, R1, R2 and R3 (P<0.05), and pathologic injury of myocardial cells were augmented.In comparison with group IR, the indexes were decreased in groups R1, R2 and R3 (P<0.05).Conclusion Remifentanil postconditioning could protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.The protection may be related to remifentanil activating the opioid receptors.There were ceiling effects of remifentanil postconditioning induced myocardial protection.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Fengshi Bitong Capsule.Methods Notopterygh Rhizoma,Angelicae Pubescentis,and Saposhnikoviae Radix were identified by thin layer chromatography(TLC).Aconitine limit test in this drug also carried out by TLC.The contents of Isoimperatorin in the Notopterygh Rhizoma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The spots in the TLC were fairly clear and no interference was shown in the blank samples.The aconitine limited in conformity with the 《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》 2010.Isoimperatorin showed a good linear relationship within a range of 3.668 96-183.448 00 μg· mL-1(r=1).The average of recovery was 96.42%,RSD=2.64%,respectively.Conclusion The established methods are highly specific,stable and reproducible,which can be used as quality control of fengshi bitong capsule.

In this study, the adsorption behavior of epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) on carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWNTs) obtained by mixture acid treatment was investigated. The results indicated that the dispersion of c-SWNTs in water was obviously improved. The absorption of EPI on c-SWNTs came to equilibrium after 240 min and could be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, there were heterogeneous distribution of active sites onto c-SWNTs surface and the Freundlich isotherm model was better fit to describe the absorption precess of EPI on c-SWNTs. The absorption capacity of EPI on c-SWNTs increased obviously with the increasing pH and decreasing temperature. Compared with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, SWNTs, c-SWNTs possessed higher absorption capacity for EPI. The controlled, targeted and sustained release of EPI from c-SWNTs-EPI could be instructive for the development of nano-carrier.

Objective To study the clinical features of congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM),and to improve the understanding of CGGM.Method Clinical manifestations and treatment process of one patient with CGGM in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.From 1966 to 2016 May,Chinese medical database and PUBMED were searched using Malabsorption syndrome,dehydration,hypernatremia , diarrhea , newborn , carbohydrate metabolism ,andglucose/galactose malabsorption as key words.The clinical features of CGGM reported in literatures were summarized.Result The patient in our hospital was a full-term female infant naturally delivered.The onset of the disease was on the 9th day after birth,and the clinical manifestations included severe diarrhea,severe dehydration,hypernatremia,metabolic acidosis and malnutrition.After intravenous infusion and symptomatic treatment,dehydration,hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis were corrected.However,there was no improvement of diarrhea characterized with watery and acidic stools,and neither was weight gain.Glucose loading test was negative,and fructose loading test was positive.Diarrhea was improved markedly using diagnostic carbohydrate-free formula,so CGGM was diagnosed clinically.SLC5A1 homozygous IVS7-2 A ＞ G mutation was detected which confirmed the diagnosis of CGGM.With carbohydrate-free formula feeding,the body weight of the infant was increased.Followed up for 2 months now,her body length and body weight were at P25 and P22 on growth curve respectively,and no obvious neurological sequela was observed.Our literature review revealed 7 reports including 48 cases of CGGM children.Literature review showed that:most children with CGGM (79.2％) had the onset within 7 days of life;main clinical features included diarrhea (100％),dehydration (100％),and malnutrition (54.2％);22.9％ of patients with carbohydrate-free formula and 27.1％ with fructose matrix formula were fed well;no death was detected,77.1％ had normal weight gain,and 91.7％ had normal development of the nervous system.Conclusion CGGM is rare.The symptoms include severe watery and acidic stools with onset during neonatal period.CGGM is associated with severe complications such as hypertonic dehydration and hypernatremia.The diagnosis is established based upon typical clinical manifestations,sugar loading test and SLC5A1 gene detection.Carbohydrate-free formula feeding is effective.

Septic shock is one of the most serious diseases threatening the critically ill patients in Intensive Care Unit.How to improve the survival rate has now been most concerned and directed by critical care doctors.For that case,it is necessary to summarize and investigate the clinical cases about how to manage elderly patients with septic shock.

In order to improve the interfacial bonding strength of hydroxyapatite/polyurethane implanted material and dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the polyurethane matrix, we in the present study synthesized nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane composites by in situ polymerization. We then characterized and analyzed the fracture morphology, thermal stability, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. We seeded MG63 cells on composites to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the composites. In situ polymerization could improve the interfacial bonding strength, ameliorate dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the properties of the composites. After adding 20 wt% hydroxyapatite into the polyurethane, the thermal stability was improved and the glass transition temperatures were increased. The tensile strength and maximum elongation were 6.83 MPa and 861.17%, respectively. Compared with those of pure polyurethane the tensile strength and maximum elongation increased by 236.45% and 143.30%, respectively. The composites were helpful for cell adhesion and proliferation in cultivation.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Humans ; Polymerization ; Polyurethanes ; Tensile Strength ; Transition Temperature

Objective To investigate the effects of anaesthetic concentration of sevoflurane on TM3 mouse leydig cell viability.Methods TM3 mouse leydig cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 dishes each):control group (group C),2％ and 5％ sevoflurane groups (groups SEV1 and SEV2 ).The cells were collected after being exposed to sevoflurane or 95 ％ room air + 5 ％ CO2 for 2,4 or 6 h (T1-3) for microscopic examination with optical binocular inverted microscope.The number of live cells was counted by using cell counting kit8.Gene chips were used to indentify differentially expressed genes between group C and group SEV2 after being exposed to air and 5 ％ sevoflurane for 6 h respectively.Results The leydig cell viability was significantly decreased at T3 in group SEV2 as compared with groups C and SEV1.Morphological changes were found only in group SEV2.A total of 45 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in group SEV2 as compared with group C.The level of expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 gene (Ptgs2),chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2(CCL2) gene and dual specificity phosphatase1 (Dusp1) gene increased by at least 4 times in group SEV2.Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit the cell viability of TM3 mouse leydig cell in concentration dependent manner through abnormal expression of Ptgs2,CCL2 and Dusp1 genes.

[Objective] To evaluate the effect of hydromorphone for postoperative analgesia on residual carbon dioxide during recovery after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.[Methods] A total of 100 patients performed with elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomly allocated into two groups according to different patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) formula:Group H contained hydromorphone 8 mg and Group M contained morphine 40 mg.Total PCIA volume was 100 mL saline with loading volume 2 mL,background volume 2 mL/h,and lockout time was set on 15 min.Analgesia infusion pump was used in the two groups half an hour before the end of surgery.Surgery time,pneumoperitoneum time,anesthesia time,extubation time,recovery time and retention time in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were rccordcd,rcspcctively.PaCO2,the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score,Ramsay sedation score,at 30 min (T0) after pneumoperitoneum,extubation time (T1),30 min (T2),1 h (T3),2 h (T4),and 24 h (T5) after extubation,the times of PCA compressions were recorded.Anesthesia complications during waking-up period such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV),shoulder pain,hypersomnia,pruritus and satisfaction degree after surgery were also recorded.[Results] Compared with group H,PaCO2 was higher at T2 ～ T4 (P ＜ 0.05);Recovery time,extubation time and the retention time in PACU were longer after surgery (P ＜ 0.05);The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting,shoulder pain were higher in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M,VAS score at T1 ～ T3,and Ramsay sedation score T1 ～ T4 were decreased in group H (P ＜ 0.05).[Conclusion] Compared with morphine,hydromorphone can increase fewer residual carbon dioxide during recovery and fewer side effects for the patients caused by that after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Hydromorphone was a safer and more effective analgesic for postoperative analgesia than morphine.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remifentanil preconditioning on hepatic ischemiarepeffusion (I/R) injury in rats with liver cirrhosis.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 160180 g,received 40％ tetrachloride carbon 3 ml/kg (in peanut oil) intragastrically twice a week for 8 weeks to induce liver cirrhosis.Thirty-five rats with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =7 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,and preconditioning with different does of remifentanil groups (R1,R2 and R3 groups).Hepatic I/R injury was induced by clamping the branches of hepatic artery,portal vein and common bile duct in the left and median hepatic lobes for 30 min followed by 90 min reperfusion in anesthetized rats with liver cirrhosis.In R1,R2 and R3 groups,remifentanil was infused intravenously at 0.4,2.0 and 10.0 μg· kg-1· min-1 for 15 min,respectively,and the rats were exposed to ischemia for 30 min followed by 30 reperfusion starting from 10 min after infusion was stopped.At 90 min of reperfusion,blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta for determination of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities.The rats were then sacrificed and livers were removed for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and expression of activated caspase-3 (using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis) and for detection of cell apoptosis in hepatic tissues.Apoptotic index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the serum ALT and AST activities,MDA content and apoptotic index were significantly increased,SOD activity was decreased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 was up-regulated in I/R,R1,R2 and R3 groups.Compared with group I/R,no significant changes were found in the indexes mentioned above in group I/R,and the serum ALT and AST activities,MDA coment and apoptotic index were significantly decreased,SOD activity was increased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 was down-regulated in R2 and R3 groups.Conclusion Remifentanil preconditioning can reduce hepatic I/R injury in rats with liver cirrhosis,and the mechanism is related to inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhalation anesthetics on human sperm motility and capacitation in vitro. Methods Sperm samples were obtained from normal adults and prepared with discontinuous percoll gradient centrifugation technique. The samples were incubated for 5 h in an airtight glass container filledwith 5% CO2-95% air at 37 ℃ with or without sevoflurane (SEV 2%, 4% ) or isoflurane (ISO 1.1%, 2.2% ).Then human sperm motility was examined in vitro at 37℃ and analyzed by the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), including sperm motility (a + b)%, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), averagepath velocity (VAP) and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH). The capacitation effect was assessed by using the chlortetracycline (CTC) staining and phase-contract microscopy. Results 2% and 4% SEV significantly reduced (a + b)% , VCL, VSL and VAP in a dose-dependent manner, while only 4% SEV significantly decreased ALH and the capacitation ability of the sperm compared with control group. 2.2% ISO significantly decreased ( a + b)%, VCL, VSL and VAP compared with control and 1.1% ISO group. The capacitation ability of the sperm was significantly decreased by 1.1% and 2.2% ISO as compared with control group. Conclusion Sevoflurane and isoflurane have significant inhibitory effects on human sperm motility and capacitation in a dose-dependent manner. Sevoflurane has stronger inhibitory effect than isoflurane.