Objective To investigate the effects of levofloxacin on serum interlukin 6(IL-6) and interferon γ(IFN-γ) levels in the treatment of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods A total of 87 senile pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected and randomly divided into experiment group and control group.43 patients in the control group were given standardized treatment, 44 patients in the experiment group were treated on the basis of the control group were given levofloxacin, the total treatment was 6 months.By comparing serum IL-6 and IFN-γlevels changes of the patients before and after treatment and negative conversion ratio after treatment and degree of lesions changes of the two groups ,the effects of levofloxacin on pulmonary tuberculosis were explored.Results Compared with before treatment in the two groups, serum IL-6, IFN-gamma levels were significantly lower after treatment, the above indexes in experiment group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05).After 6 months treatment, negative conversion ratio in sputum bacteria in control group was 30 cases (69.77%), and 40 cases (90.91%)in experiment group, with significant difference ( P<0.05).Of the control group, the significant absorption, absorption and deterioration was respectively 22 cases (51.16%), 8 cases (18.60%), 13 cases (27.90%),of the experiment group was 31 cases (70.45%), 9 cases (20.45%), 4 cases (9.09%),respectively.The total lesions absorption rate of the experiment group (90.91%) was significantly higher than control group (69.77%) (P<0.05).Conclusion Levofloxacin in the treatment of senile patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can reduce serum IL-6 and IFN-γlevels, improve the patients'negative conversion ratio of sputum bacteria and total lesions absorption rate, has a good effect for the treatment.

The infection rate of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the general population in our country is very high.The latent virus often becomes activated when patients' immune status turned to immunocompromised,which will cause serious clinical consequences.Because the manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection are nonspecific,the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection mainly depends on the laboratory tests.This article will review laboratory diagnostic methods and clinical significance of CMV infection in immunosuppression patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Varicose Ulcer ; therapy

Background Many methods of ocular hypertension modeling have been used before,but these models remain short-duration ocular hypertension only.A new method of elevating intraocular pressure in mice by anterior chamber injection of polystyrene microspheres was reported abroad.However,this model is rarely used in China.Objective This study was to evaluate the application value of anterior chamber injection of polystyrene microspheres to establish glaucoma model in mice.Methods Forty-two SPF adult female C57BL/6L mice were divided into three groups according to random number table.Polystyrene microspheres (2 μl) were injected into the anterior chamber monocularly in the microspheres group,and the equal amount of PBS was used in the same way in the PBS group.No intervene was performed in the normal control group.The eyes of mice were examined by slit lamp microscope,and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with TonoLab rebound tomometer in a 3-day interval after injection.Ocular histological sections were prepared 2 and 4 weeks after injection,and the anterior chamber angle was examined under the optical microscope.Neurons retrograde labeling was performed by 4％ fluorogold to calculate the survival number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the nerve fiber density was detected to assess the degree of RGCs and axon damage in retinal flat mounts,and the β-Ⅲ-tubulin-positive cells in the RGCs layer were examined by immnofluorescence method.The use and care of the animals complied with the instruction of Association for Research in Vision Ophthalmology (ARVO).Results IOP was significantly higher in the mice of the microspheres group than that in the normal control group or PBS group 2 and 4 weeks (all at P＜0.05).In the microspheres group,IOP reached peak in 2 weeks after injection and was significantly higher than that of 4 weeks after injection ([29.67±2.34] mmHg versus[15.71±1.23] mmHg) (all at P＜0.05).In 2 and 4 weeks after the anterior chamber injection of polystyrene,corneal edema was found under the slit lamp microscope,and under the optical microscope,microspheres accumulated at the anterior chamber angle.Additionally,in 2 and 4 weeks after injection,the number of survival RGCs was (4 542.82 ± 653.72)/mm2 and (3 623.12 ± 628.79)/mm2,respectively in the microspheres group,which showed significantly decrease in comparison with (6 979.33 ± 678.49)/mm2 and (6963.91 ±497.29)/mm2 in the normal control group (t =17.729,28.569,both at P＜0.05) and (6 843.21 ±573.42)/mm2 and (6 937.53±465.24)/mm2in the PBS group (t =16.975,29.145,both at P＜0.05).The number of RGCs was significantly less in the fourth week compared with second week after injection (t =6.951,P＜0.05).The β-Ⅲ-tubulin positive RGCs were (4 576.36± 479.64)/mm2 and (3 712.90 ± 660.31)/mm2 in 2 and 4 weeks in the microspheres group,respectively,which were significantly decreased in comparison with (6 725.94 ± 619.42)/mm2 and (6 741.90±663.60)/mm2 of the normal control group (t =18.811,22.182,both at P ＜ 0.05) or (6 757.85 ±463.59)/mm2 and (6 773.17± 471.35)/mm2 in the PBS group (t =18.953,22.605,both at P＜0.05),and in the microspheres group,β-Ⅲ-tubulin positive cells in the fourth week were decreased than those in the second week after injection (t=7.253,P＜0.05).The neural fiber density in the microspheres group in 2 and 4 weeks after injection was (193.08 ±32.75)/mm2 and (139.O0 ±38.24)/mm2,respectively,with a significant decline in comparison with (305.57±81.21)/mm2 and (297.46±52.60)/mm2(t=8.900,16.883,both at P＜0.05) of the normal control group or (312.63±70.62)/mm2 and (269.37±61.63)/mm2 of the PBS group (t=7.731,15.959,both at P＜0.05),and the neural fiber density was significantly lower in the fourth week than that in the second week after injection (t =7.442,P＜0.05).Conclusions Single injection of polystyrene microspheres into the anterior chamber can induce chronic ocular hypertension in mouse,which leads to the progressive damage of RGCs and neural fibers.This animal model shows a similar chronic pathogenic process to human glaucomatous eye.

Objective To explore the protective effect of ozone oxidative preconditioning on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Eighteen 8-week-old SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 250 ～300 g were randomly divided into three groups (n =6 each):sham operation group (group S),ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R) and ozone oxidative preconditioning group (group O3 + I/R).In Group O3 + I/R,rats received five-day preconditioning treatments by intraperitoneal injection of ozone and oxygen mixed gases (ozone concentration 50 mg/L,1 mg · kg-1 · d-1),and then experienced the procedure of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.Model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by clamping the branches of hepatic artery and portal vein in the median and left lateral hepatic lobes for 45 min,followed by 3-h reperfusion.After reperfusion,blood samples were taken from the aorta abdominalis for detecting serum aminotransferases (ALT & AST).These rats were executed and the hepatic tissue samples were collected for measuring hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level.Results Compared with group S,concentrations of serum ALT,AST and hepatic MDA were increased in group I/R and O3 + I/R;concentrations of hepatic SOD were decreased (P ＜ 0.05) in group I/R,but concentration of hepatic SOD was increased in group O3 + I/R.Compared with group IR,concentrations of serum ALT,AST and hepatic MDA were decreased,while concentration of hepatic SOD was increased in group O3 + I/R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ozone oxidative preconditioning could inhibit the lipid peroxidation to protect the rats against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To explore the effect of remifentanil postconditioning on rats subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury and the relative mechanisms.Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into six groups (n=13): sham group (group S), ischemia/reperfusion group (group IR), naloxone group (group NAL), 5 μg·kg-1·min-1 remifentanil postconditioning group (group R1), 10 μg·kg-1·min-1remifentanil postconditioning group (group R2) and 20 μg·kg-1·min-1remifentanil postconditioning group (group R3).Group IR was given 45 min ischemia in the left descending anterior (LAD), followed by a 24-h period of reperfusion.Groups R1, R2, R3 received 10 min of remifentanil infusion of 5, 10 and 20 μg·kg-1·min-1 after 35 min ischemia followed by a 24 h period of reperfusion.Group NAL was given injection of naloxone 0.1 mg/kg at the point of 25 min myocardial ischemia, after 10 min, then remifentanil 10 μg·kg-1·min-1 for 10 min.The myocardial infarct size and pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed, serum cTnI, LDH and CK-MB level were measured.Results Compared with group S, serum cTnI, LDH and CK-MB and myocardial infarct size were markedly increased in groups IR, NAL, R1, R2 and R3 (P<0.05), and pathologic injury of myocardial cells were augmented.In comparison with group IR, the indexes were decreased in groups R1, R2 and R3 (P<0.05).Conclusion Remifentanil postconditioning could protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.The protection may be related to remifentanil activating the opioid receptors.There were ceiling effects of remifentanil postconditioning induced myocardial protection.

The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence characteristics of brucellosis in Hainan by investigating the biological characteristics and clinical type of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the blood of a patient infected by infective endocarditis.Bacteriological experiments were conducted according to the standard identification methods of Brucella including morphology,cultural characters,biochemistry characters,serological test and phage test,etc.At the same time,systematic analysis on the information about epidemiology,clinical manifestation and laboratory data of the patient was carried on.The Brucella melitensis was identified as Brucella melitensis biotype 2 and was significantly different from the Brucella melitensis biotypes 1 and 3 isolated in China reported in recent years.The urease test result of Brucella melitensis was variable and there is no strong positive result reported except the isolates in Hainan.As Brucellosis cause by Brucella melitensis biotype 2 was firstly reported in Hainan Province,great importance should be attached to its point-like prevalence.

Objective To observe the effect of elbow support on muscle activity and subjective feelings of comfort during typing.Methods Ten college students voluntarily participated in this experiment.They typed the same text using elbow supports of five different heights.The distance between their elbows and the desk was supported at 3 cm below,0 cm,and-3 cm and-6 cm above the desk.There was also an unsupported condition.Myoelectric readings were recorded from the right splenius,trapezius,biceps,extensor carpi radialis,flexor digitorum superficialis,flexor carpi radialis,and extensor digitorum muscles.Perceptions of comfort of the neck,shoulder,hand and forearm,and hand using the different supports were surveyed using a questionnaire.Results One way ANOVA shows that the height of the elbow significantly affects the activity of the trapezius,the extensor carpi radialis and the extensor digitorum muscles.Trapezius muscle activity was higher with 3 cm high elbow support than without support,and the value was smaller when using-6 cm elbow support.The activity of the carpi radialis longus extensor was least when using-6 cm and-3 cm elbow support,and greatest with 3 cm support.Extensor digitorum activity was least when using-3 cm high elbow support and again greatest with 3 cm support.The different elbow support heights had no significant relationship with comfort perceptions for any body part.Conclusion The height of elbow support can change the average myoelectric signals from muscles during typing,but there is no significant difference in the typist's perception of comfort.This could be due to a change of typing position and neuromuscular motion control mode in response to the height of elbow support.

Objective To assess the efficacy of the two antiviral medications in preventing cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients.Method We searched articles from Pubmed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Med Online,and China's biomedical journal citation database on line.Randomized controlled trials evaluating preemptive treatment and universal prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients were reviewed.Two reviewers screened studies and assessed study quality according to the study population,intervention measure and results.Finally data from included studies were subjected to meta-analysis.Result Six studies involving total 752 renal transplant recipients were included in this review.Compared with preemptive treatment,universal prophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of cytomegalovirus infection at 3 rd and 12 th month,and the risk of cytomegalovirus disease at 12 th month after transplantation (RR =12.13,95 ％ CI.6.59～22.36,P＜0.05; RR =2.21,95％CI:1.62～3.01,P＜0.05; RR=1.79,95％Chl.22～2.63,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other opportunistic infection and acute rejection.Conclusion Universal prophylaxis was more effective than preemptive treatment in preventing CMV infection and CMV disease in renal transplant recipients.

Objective To evaluate the value of multislice spiral CTA in diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm.Methods CTA data in 32 patients with intracranial aneurysms proved by operation and DSA were retrospectively analysed in comparison with the results of DSA.Results 38 aneurysms in 32 patients were detected by DSA and operation.Six cases of 32 had two aneurysms.36 and 34 aneurysms were detected by DSA and CTA respectively.4 aneurysms located at anterior communicating artery,7 at middle cerebral artery,9 at posterior communicating artery,14 at internal carotid artery and 4 at basilar artery.Conclusion MSCTA can be used as the method in screening intracranial aneurysms for surgery and interventional therapy.