Objective To define the concept of the benefit finding of breast cancer patients by Morse,Hupcey and Penrod's developed analytical methods.Methods Twenty-two references were recruited through the databases of Medline,Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of Science,ProQuest,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Coding related content of literatures based on the concept of property from Morse terms:boundaries,preconditions and outcome,and from the epistemological,pragmatics,linguistics,logic perspective to evaluate the maturity of the concept.Results The benefit finding of breast cancer patients involved a perception of cognitive processes,including the three attributes,three word boundaries,two preconditions and three results.Development of the concept was not fully mature.Conclusions Clarifying the benefit finding of breast cancer patients can help researchers use the techniques and principles of positive psychology to promote the benefits finding of breast cancer patients and the patients' physical and mental rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative ambroxol aerosol inhalation on postoperative lung complications in patients with chest and abdominal surgery.Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) taking preoperative ambroxol aerosol inhalation interventions were collected from the databases of Chinese Technology Journal Database,China National Knowledge Internet and Wanfang Database.Data were analyzed with RevMan 5.0 software.Results Eleven articles with 1 160 patients met the inclusion criteria.There was a certain heterogeneity across the analysis,which might result from kind of included patients,inhalation method,difference of the medication,inhalation time,etc,according to subgroup analysis.The result showed that compared with the control group,patients in the experimental group had lower incidence of postoperative lung complications and the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions The Meta analysis had identified a significant effect of preoperative ambroxol aerosol inhalation on postoperative lung complications in patients with chest and abdominal surgery,but high quality were in need.

Objective To compare the preoperative eternal nutrition bowel preparation method with the conventional method in the intestinal cleansing effect,postoperative infection and postoperative complications of gastrointestinal function recovery time,and to provide reference for selection for our clinical preoperative practice.Methods Computer Retrieval of Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-text Database and China Academic Journal was conducted.The time limit was from establishment of database till May 2013.The research type was randomized controlled trial.Two investigators independently screened,assessed quality and extracted data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for literatures,and cross-checked them using RevMan 5.0 software for Metaanalysis,then applied the grading method recommended by the GRADE grading system.Results Ultimately seven RCTs were included,with a total of 478 cases of colorectal cancer patients.Compared with conventional preoperative bowel preparation,eternal nutrition method showed similar bowel cleansing effects and the incidence of complications,but it could shorten the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function time,lower positive rate of abdomen,intestine shedding of tumor cells,improve postoperative albumin and transferritin levels.Conclusions Eternal nutrition alternative method for bowel preparation before colorectal surgery is safe and effective.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Postoperative Pain Assessment Nursing Practice Questionnaire (PPA-NPQ).MethodsA forward-backward translation procedure was followed to develop the Chinese version of PPA-NPQ.A total of 258 surgical nurses were investigated by the revised Chinese version dimensions of PPA-NPQ,then the results were tested on reliability and validity by SPSS17.0.ResultsThe cronbach's α of the Chinese version of PPA-NPQ was 0.889.The split- half coefficient and testretest reliability of PPA-NPQ were 0.729,0.875 respectively ; the Cronbach's a,split- half coefficient and test-retest reliability of each sub-scale were ranged from 0.820-0.857,0.797-0.862,0.846-0.902 respectively.The correlation between each sub-scale and total scale were ranged from 0.704-0.818 (P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe revised Chinese PPA-NPQ is reliable and valid,and can be used to test the level of postoperative pain assessment practice by surgical nurse.

Zygomatic fracture is one of the most common mid-facial fractures. Zygomatic fracture often leads to open-mouth and chewing dysfunctions, which are often associated with pronounced zygomatic facial deformity, causing psychological and physiological problems in patients. The complicated anatomical structures associated with zygomatic fracture often make treatment difficult. Surgical navigation technology provides a new auxiliary method for improving the treatment results for zygomatic fracture. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of surgical navigation technology in the treatment of zygomatic fracture.
Face ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Mastication ; Mouth ; Skull Fractures ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Zygomatic Fractures ; surgery

Objective To explore initially the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group; sham group; ischemic preconditioning or ischemia tolerance group; bee venom group; peripheral noxious tolerance group. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the ERK1/2 phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rats. Results The phosphorylation level of ERK1 in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemic preconditioning, while no significant changes in ERK2 and that of ERK1/2 in hippocampus. No significant changes in ERK1/2 protein expression were found both in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus after ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion The increased ERK1 phosphorylation level in somatosensory cortex may be involved in cerebral ischemic preconditioning.

Objective To explore initially the role of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK) in cerebral ischemia preconditioning.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, sham-operated group, ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance group, bee venom group, peripheral noxious tolerance group. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the JNK phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. Results The phosphorylation level of JNK46KD but not JNK54KD in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemia preconditioning, while no significant changes had been observed in that of JNK46KD and JNK54KD in hippocampus. In addition, the protein expression level of JNK46KD but not JNK54KD fell on control level in somatosensory cortex after ischemic preconditioning, while no significant changes in JNK46KD and JNK54KD protein expression were found in hippocampus. Conclusion The increased JNK46KD phosphorylation and fallen JNK46KD protein expression in somatosensory cortex may be involved in the development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning.

Objective To explore initially the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinases(p38 MAPK) in cerebral ischemic preconditioning.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group,sham-operated group,ischemia preconditioning or ischemia tolerance group,peripheral noxious control group,peripheral noxious tolerance group.SDS-PAGE,Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the p38 MAPK phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rat.Results No significant changes of p38 MAPK in phosphorylation level and protein expression were found both in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus after ischemia preconditioning(P>0.05,n=6).Conclusion The development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning of rat might be not involved the phosphorylation and protein expression of p38 MAPK.

Objective To explore initially the roles of the 3 major signaling pathways of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cerebral ischemia preconditioning. Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group; sham-operated group and ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance group (n=6). SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK, JNK and p38 in somatosensory cortex of rat. Results The phosphorylation level of ERK1 and JNK46KD in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemia preconditioning. Conclusion The increased ERK1 and JNK46KD phosphorylation in somatosensory cortex may be involved in the development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning and can not be ruled out in which the role of p38.

Objective To explore the significance of combined detection of tumor markers cancer embryo antigen (CEA) ,alpha fetoprotein (AFP ) ,carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9 ) and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4 ) in digestive tract tumors . Methods The electrochemical luminescence method was adopted to detected the CEA ,AFP ,CA19-9 and CA72-4 levels in 106 cases of digestive tract malignant tumor confirmed by pathological examination (malignant tumor group) ,110 cases of digestive tract be-nign diseases (benign disease group) and 60 persons undergoing the healthy physical examination (control group) in our hospital from January to December 2015 .The differences were compared among various groups and the positive detection rates of 4 markers in the patients with digestive tract tumors were compared .Results The serum levels of CEA ,AFP ,CA19-9 and CA72-4 levels in the malignant tumor group were significantly higher than those in the benign disease group and control group(P<0 .05);the benign disease group and normal control group had no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) .In the single indicator detection of ser-um CEA ,AFP ,CA19-9 and CA72-4 ,AFP had the highest detection rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ,which was 74 .19% ;the positive detection rate of CA 72-4 in gastric cancer was highest ,which was 60 .71% ;the positive detection rate of CA 19-9 in pan-creatic cancer was highest ,which was 75 .00% ;the positive detection rate of CEA was not high without specificity in various tumor diseases .The positive detection rate of 4-item combined detection was significantly higher than that of single item detection (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The detection of tumor markers CEA ,AFP ,CA19-9 and CA72-4 is conducive to the identification of tumor types ,meanwhile they can improve the detection rate of gastrointestinal cancer and conduces to early diagnosis and early treatment for the patients .