12 cases of human placentas were obtained after administration of Chinese medicinal herb (Chuan-Xin-Lian) -induced abortion during mid-pregnancy. Six placentas from curettage induced abortion during mid-pregnancy were used as controls. All the specimens were studied histochemically and immunohistochemically by using antiserum to HCG with PAP method. In most of the specimens from women treated during mid-pregnancy, we observed a decreased immunoreaction of antiserum to HCG and a decrease of RNA content in the syncytiotrophoblasts. Increased activity of acid phosphatase in dccidual cells was observed during mid-pregnancy. These findings indicate that during mid-pregnancy, Chinese medicinal herb (Chuan-Xin-Lian) can reduce the synthesis of HCG in syncytiotrophoblasts and can initiate uterine contractions, so that abortion results. The possibility that the changes of lysosomal enzymes are involved in the initiation of uterine contractions is disscused.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, etiological classification and staging of epiretinal macular membrane(MEM). Methods Clinical materials of 194 cases of MEM diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography in outpatient department of eye clinic in this hospital from 1983 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were typical clinical symptoms and signs of MEM in all of this 222 eyes of 194 patients. Etiological classification revealed that 4 cases were congenital(2.12%), 22 cases were secondary(11.34%), and 168 cases were idiopathic(86.60%). Staging of course of disease indicated that 119 eyes were in early stage(53.60%), 72 eyes were in middle stage(32.43%), and 31 eyes were in late stage(13.96%). Conclusion MEM may be classified as congenital, secondary and idiopathic type according to its pathogenesis, as early, middle and late stage according to the clinical course of disease. This can be helpful in treating the disease.

ObjetiveTo explore the relationship between the classification of diabetic macular edema(DME) and the stages of the diabetic retinopathy (DR), the diabetic duration and the visual loss.MethodsRetrospectively analyzed the clinical data of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and other related information of 1 521 patients who were diagnosed as DR. Classified DR according to national standard of the diagnosis and classification of DR, and classified DME according to the standard made by the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study research group of United States. The occurrence of DME in DR in each stage and the relationships between DME and the disease course and the vision were analyzed.ResultsIn 1 521 patients, 791 eyes in 468 patients had DME (30.77%), including 361 eyes (45.64%) with focal DME and 430 eyes (54.36%) with diffuse DME. The occurrence of DME was 1.13% in I-stage DR, 7.84%in Ⅱ-stage DR, 41.98% in Ⅲ-stage DR, and 48.93% in Ⅳ-stage DR. Focal and diffuse DME usually occurred at the Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage of DR respectively, with 178 eyes (22.51%) with focal macular edema at the Ⅲ stage of DR, and 249 eyes (31.48%) with diffuse DME at the Ⅳ stage of DR. Patients with DME were hardly found at the Ⅴand Ⅵ stage of DR because of retinal proliferation and vitreous hemorrhage or other complications which made the condition of macula region blurred. The visual acuity of diffuse DME was worse than focal DME. DME often occurred within 10 years in the diabetic duration, and its severity and incidence increased year by year.ConclusionsDME is the main cause of visual impairment of DR. The incidence of DME increased as the course of the DR prolonged. Along with the development of retinopathy, the incidence of DME increased, and the severity of DME aggravated, but the development of DME and its classification can not be brought into definite correspondence or unification with the classification of DR, hence the typing of DME in another individual classification in DR is of course necessary.

Objective To understand the clinical distribution and monitoring the change of resistance of Streptococcus pneumoni‐ae ,effective for clinical anti infection to provide reference .Methods Using VITEK 2 Compact to analyze the bacteria identification and drug sensitivity data ,and using WHONET5 .3 software and SPSS13 .0 software for statistical analysis .Results From 2008 to 2013 ,588 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated ,mainly distributed in the intensive care unit (ICU) ,followed by respir‐atory department of internal medicine ,general pediatrics ;mainly from sputum samples ,followed by the throat swabs and blood samples .The highest resistant rate was erythromycin ,followed by penicillin and cotrimoxazole ;Streptococcus pneumoniae remains sensitive to ofloxacin ,levofloxacin ,vancomycin ,linezolid ,chloramphenicol .Conclusion The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneu‐moniae was rising ,and that great attention should be paid to the bacterial drug resistance so as to reasonably use a antibiotics based on the result of drug susceptibility testing .

24 cases of human placentas were obtained from rivanol-induced abortion, and 6 cases from cesarean section, curettage, and water saccule-induced abortion were chosen for comparative study. All the specimens were proccessed under the same histological and histochemical procedures.In all the specimens from rivanol-induced abortion we observed a reduction in the activity of the ?~5-3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and of the number of fine lipid droplets in the syncytiotrophoblasts, and in these cells we also observed an increased activity in acid phosphatase in most of the specimens and a decrease of RNA content in a few specimens. A large number of decidual cells and a few trophoblasts showed necrotic changes. The chorionic plate also showed necrosis and distinct inflammatory reactions, and on the fetal surface of the placenta the blood circulation showed disturbance. These changes indicated that rivanol had demaged the placenta and reduced its synthetic function of progesterone which we believed played a rote in terminating pregnancy and caused abortion eventually. It was suggested that the intraamniotic injection of rivanol is preferable to extraamniotic injection.

A murine MTEC_1 thymus epithelial cell line established by us has been characterized. The cells were polyhydral and closely packed each other as epithelial like cells. Using anti-keratin antibody, the keratin were shown in cytoplasm of all cells. Under electronmicroscope, bunches of tonofilaments were clearly shown in the cytoplasm, and desmosomes were seen between neighbouring cells. Using anti-mouse epithelial cell monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemical study, nearly all of the MTEC_1 cells were MTS33 positive. It suggests that MTEC, cells were derived from the epithelial cells located in medulla. The majority of the MTEC_1 cells have normal mouse diploid chomosome number of 40. These results provide evidence that MTEC, cell line is normal murine thymus epithelial cells.

Fresh cryostat sections from the thymus of BALB/c adult mice were processed with semipermeable membrane technique for demonstration of non-specific esterase (NE). The various cell types and the pattern of their distribution may be showed, because this technique may preserve the total enzyme activity of cells. The NE activity of epithelial reticular cells (ERC), thymic nurse cells (TNC), and interdigitating cells (IDC) are lower, but macrophages (M?) show a high activity. Cortical ERCs appear as a sponge-like network. Medullary ERCs may be divided into two cell types, i. e. low and high activity cells. The distribution of the latter shows foci-like pattern. M? present in both the cortex and medulla, in the cortico-medullary border they are prominent and may form rosettes-like structure with thymocytes. The thymus was also studied with immunohistochemical method using the monoclonal antibody of rat-anti-mouse thymic stromal ceils (MTS-6). This observation enable studies on the type of thymic stromal cells formed thymic microenvironment under LM.

The ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in the cells of mouse thymic cortex was described by using Robinson and Karnovsky method with cerium chloride as capture agent. The results indicated that the enzyme activity was localized mainly on the plasma membrane of epithelial reticular cells and thymocytes, especially where both of them were in contact with each other. Acid phosphatase activity was also found in the invaginations of plasma membrane, the vesicles near the plasma membrane, the saccules of the Golgi zone, the lysosomes, and a part of the vacuoles of epitheleial reticular cells. The lysosomes and the dense granules of cytoplasm, as well as on the some area of plasma membrane of the macrophages showed the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was demonstrated in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane of degenerated thymocytes. The role of acid phosphatase in thymic cortex cells was discussed.

The thymic cortex is the important site for thymocyte differentiation, maturation and selection. Direct cell-cell interactions between thymocytes and distinct stromal cells are an important pattern to demonstrate the essential role in T-cell development. In order to approach the mechanism of their interactions, ultrastructural cytochemical localization of 5'-nucleotidase activity in the thymic cortex of BALB/c mice were investigated by means of Robinson and Karnovsky method using 5'-AMP or 5'-IMP as the substrate, cerium as the capture agent, and levamisol (an inhibitor of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) was also used. The cytochemical distribution of the reaction products from both the 5'-AMPase and 5'-IMPase activity was essentially similar. The enzyme activity was localized on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane of the epithelial reticular cells and some thymocytes, especially on their contact faces with each other. 5'-nucleotidase activity was also found in the lysosomes of macrophages and in the vacuoles, and vesicles near the plasma membrane and some lysosomes of epithelial reticular cells. The biological significance of the 5'-nucleotidase in thymic cortex was discussed.

Objective To investigate the effects of 2-methoxyestradiol( 2-ME) on apoptosis of K562 cells and its mechanisms. Methods The K562 cells were cultured and divided into three groups. The control group: K562 cells were cultured without 2-ME treatment. The experimental group: K562 cells were cultured in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 μmol/L) for 36 h. The negative control group: K562 cells were replaced by water without RNase in the medium containing different concentrations of 2-ME for 36 h. The apoptosis rate, the protein and its mRNA expression of Caspase-3 and XIAP, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of K562 cells wasdetected by TUNEL, flow cytometry (FCM), half-quantitative RT-PCR and xanthenes oxidized enzyme assay,respectively. Results After treated with 2-ME at different concentrations for 36 hours, in the specified concentration range, 2-ME induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The possible functional mechanism of 2-ME was to up-regulate Caspase-3 but down-regulate XIAP mRNA expression, and increase ROS activity but decrease SOD activity. Conclusion 2-ME can induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and indicate its promising potential in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) patients.