Objective To study the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac myocytes and receptor pathways involved in ROS production. Methods DCFHDA fluorescent probe was used for the assessment of NE induced intracellular ROS production in cultured cardiac myocytes of the neonatal rats. Myocytes were exposed to NE, NE + prazosin, NE + propranolol, and NE + prazosin + propranolol at different time and doses. The changes of fluorescence intensity in cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results NE increased myocyte ROS production in time and dose dependent manners. NE induced ROS production was partially inhibited by prazosin or propranolol, and completely inhibited by prazosin and propranolol together in myocytes. Conclusion NE can induce intracellular ROS production in cultured cardiac myocytes of the neonatal rats in time and dose dependent manners through the mediation of both ? and ? adrenoceptors.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare compound yolk emulsion and to establish its quality control method.METHODS:Compound yolk emulsion was prepared by emulsification.Cod liver oil and Nystalin in compound yolk emulsion were identified by color reaction and TLC,respectively.The content of VitB2 was determined by visible spectrophotometric method.The stability of 3 batches of samples was investigated as well.RESULTS:The linear range of VitB2 were 0.0 119～ 0.0 238 mg/ml(r=0.9 958).The average recovery of VitB2 was 97.95%(RSD=3.45%).3 batches of sample preparations were tested to be stable in quality at 4℃ ～ 8℃.CONCLUSION:This method is simple in operation,accurate in content determination,and stable and controllable in quality within expiration date.

Objective To evaluate the current situation and problems of the application of modified Rankin scale (mRS) in the outcome assessment in Chinese stroke trials. Methods Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled tri?als on stroke therapy published before September 2013 in 3 Chinese databases were included. All clinical trials applied mRS as the method of outcome assessment. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and transient cerebral ischemia were excluded. Types of stroke, statistical methods used for data analysis, duration of follow up, blinding of outcome assessment, types of intervention and the significance of the results were evaluated. Results Two hundred and ninety-eight trials were includ?ed in this analysis. 71.14%was for ischemic stroke, 21.48%for hemorrhagic stroke, 7.38%for both ischemic and hemor?rhagic stroke and 91.28%was for acute stroke(onset time<14d). Regarding to statistical methods used for data analysis, 50.00%of the trials used t-test or variance analysis which treated the mRS score as continuous data, while 22.15%used rank sum test or Chi-square test which regarded the mRS score as ranked data or multiply variable data. Dichotomous data was applied in statistical analysis accounts for 25.50%of trials. 12.42%trials applied mRS with other scales as the methods of outcome assessment. Duration of follow up ranged from 10d to 2 years (median 90 d, interquartile range 30-90 d). Only 5.03%assessed outcome blindly. 60.07%of the trials were drug therapy, 7.72%was rehabilitation thera?py, 10.40%were surgical treatment, 14.43%were combined therapy, 2.35%were management mode, 0.67%were nurs?ing, and 4.36%other therapy. Results in 86.91%of the trials were favorable to the tested interventions. Conclusions In aspects of, there is large difference between domestic and foreign clinical stroke trials in methodology of mRS including duration of follow up, blinding of outcome assessment and statistical methods used for data analysis.

Objective To isolate and identify embryonic stem (ES) cells of rhesus monkey from mature blastocysts cultured in vitro . Methods Rhesus monkey blastocysts were obtained after in vitro maturation of oocytes, fertilization and maturation of early embryos. After the blastocysts were hatched naturally from the zone pellucida, the inner cell mass (ICM) was dislodged from blastocysts using the sealed end of a finely drawn Pasteur pipette and co cultured with the feeder cells. The ICM, resembling embryonic stem cell colony, was isolated, cultured, and identified. Results A total of 92 normal GV oocytes were obtained from 4 FSH prime rhesus monkeys. Six blastocysts with high quality were selected from 22 oocytes after culture in HECM 10 medium. One of the rhesus monkey ES cell lines, i.e. RS5 cell line, was finally isolated from 3 of the inner cell mass isolated from the 6 blastocysts. The RS5 cells presented a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, prominent nucleoli, and flatter colonies with individual and distinct cells. After successive passages for 5 months passage, the RS5 cells remained a normal karyotype, i.e. 42 of chromosomes and alkaline phosphatase (AP) positive, which meant the RS5 ES cell colony remained undifferentiated. After high density culture for a longer time, the ES cell could differentiate into multi types of cells. Conclusion The RS5 cell line has the ability to self renew and potential to differentiate. Thus, RS5 cell line belongs to embryonic stem cells.

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of mitochondrial DNA12SrRNA A1555G mutation in Chinese populations with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss by the literature review and find the main actual deficiencies in course of epidemiological study.Methods From Cbmdisc and PUBMED database pulled out were all published epidemiological literatures about Chinese mtDNA12SrRNA A1555G mutation from 1996 to 2008.Reviewed were the primary data of these studies including the number of samples,demographic characteristics of the samples,mutation frequencies,interrelations between the mutation and aminoglycoside exposure and so on.Results 21 papers out of 25 were induded in this study.The patients had non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss from 14 regions of China.A total of 3 473 were found including 230 patients with A1555G mutation and the average mutation frequency was 6.62%.The samples in each regions ranged from 72 to 802 and the reported mutation frequencies were from 0.67%-14.6%.The statistical discrepancy was significant among mutation frequencies in different regions by χ~2 test(P=0.0000).The number of patients with aminoglycoside antibiotics exposure was 739 including 100 with A1555G mutation in all literatures.The proportions in different regions were from 2.70% to 33.33% with the average of 13.53%.The average proportion was significantly higher than the mutation frequency in patients with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusion Some deficiencies in epidemiological research Omutation in China included age,ethnic,and geographic bias,insufficiency of samples,inadequate randomization and so on.Researchers should focus with more efforts on the epidemiological characteristics of A1555G mutation in Chinese people.

Objective To observe the clinical application of extraperitoneal cesarean section(ECS) plus forceps vs transperitoneal cesarean sections(TCS) in repeated cesarean section.Methods 98 multiparous women with scar uterus for elective repeated cesarean sections were recruited retrospectively,47 cases for ECS plus forceps(group A),and 51 cases for TCS(group B).The multiparous women with hyperglycemia not controlled,severe preeclampsia,heart disease,placenta previa,premature rupture of membrane,a history of ＞ 1 cesarean section,myoma and/or ovarian neoplasm were excluded.Results Skin incision to baby delivery time and total operation time of group A were (7.7 ± 2.8) min and (42.8 ± 9.7) min,respectively,which were significantly shorter than (9.3 ± 3.2) min and (47.6 ± 9.4) min of group B,(t =2.700,2.497,P =0.008,0.014).There was significant difference in blood loss volume during the operation and postoperative 2 hours,which was (310.4 ± 106.3) mL,(365.3 ± 142.8) mL respectively(t =2.142,P =0.035).The Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS pain) was (2.8 ± 1.8) in group A and (4.1 ± 1.9) in group B,respectively (t =3.252,P =0.002).The gastrointestinal function recovery mean time of group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (12.5 h versus 16.0h,t =2.771,P =0.007).And the postoperative febrile morbidity was significantly lower in group A than in group B(8.5％ versus 25.5％ ;x2 =4.918,P =0.033).The patients with chronic pelvic pain followed up after operation was 3 versus 12,and the difference was significant (x2 =5.143,P =0.026).There were no differences in neonatal Apgar score at 1 minute,birth asphyxia and wound healing rates.Conclusion ECS plus forceps can be safely used for repeated cesarean section,with the advantages of less operation time,less bleeding volume,lower postoperative morbidity,and fewer complications than TCS.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong injection with edaravone in treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods 70 patients of acute cerebral infarction were ramdonly divided into two groups:treatment group was done with Shuxuetong injection and edaravone,and the control group was treated by xiangdan.Two groups were treated with routine therapy.ESS and ADL content change in two groups were assessed at different point before treatment and two weeks after treatment.Results The scores of ESS of two groups increased after treatment(P

The cells containing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the antrum of the SD rat's stomach were demonstrated by means of Sternberger's PAP immunohistochemical method and quantitative analysis were performed by means of Weibel's stereological method. The results were as follow: The 5-HT immunoreactive cells in the antrum of the rat's stomach were found only in the surface epithelium and the glandular epithelium of the mucosa. The volume density (V_v) was 0.0038?0.0004, the surface density (N_A) was 42.86+3.20 cells/mm~2 and the numerical density (N_v) was 2627.11?200.42 cells/mm~3. The distribution of 5-HT reactive cells showed an obvious regional difference. From the lesser curvature to the greater curvature of stomach, the cell density decreased gradually. The cell density was the highest in the lesser curvature: N_A was 59.96?3.48 cells/mm~2, Nv was 3729.23?216.89 cells/mm~3; and was second high in the two side walls: N_A was 42.39?3.48 cells/mm~2, Nv was 2647.18+216.57 cells/mm~3; and was lowest in the greater curvature: N_A was 29.39? 4.49 cells/mm~2, N_v was 1843.00?280.09 cells/mm~3. Most of the 5-HT immunoreaclive cells were found in the basal third section of the mucosa and the cell density was the highest. N_A was 92.33?6.92 cell/mm~2,N_v was 5336.28?410.22 cells/ mm~3; in the middle one third of the mucosa, the cell density came to next: N_A was 27.69?2.38 cells/mm~2, N_A was 1708.68?146.65 cells/mm~3; and in the superficial third section of the mucosa, the cell density was the lowest: N_A was 7.29?0.53 cells/mm~2, N_v was 457.00?35.44 cells/mm~3. In addition, a detailed observation on the morphology of the 5-HT immunoreactive cells was also undertaken.

Objective To observe the effects of extracts of ginkgo leaves (EGL) on acute myocardial infarction, acute myocardial ischemia and blood hemorheology.Methods The effects of EGL on acute myocardial infarction were observed in dogs model induced by the ligation of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery; effects on acute myocardial ischemia were observed on rats model caused by intravenous injection of pituitrin and effects on blood hemorheology were observed in rabbits. Results EGL significantly reduced the myocardial infarction area, decreased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase in dogs, reduced the elevation of ST segment of electrocardiogram in rats with myocardial ischemia and decreased whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in rabbits. Conclusion EGL has protective effect against myocardial ischemic injury and can improve the parameters of blood hemorheology in rabbits. Its mechanism may be concerned with the reduction of the myocardial infarction area and infarction degree and the relief of acute myocardial ischemia.