This study is based on the application of the medical simulator and the multimedia technology to the medical English teaching for overseas students during their clinical practice in surgical department.It shows that this teaching model is effective by delivering a good studying surroundings and various language carriers.

At present,nutrition therapy plays a very important role in critically ill children,which can impact on the development and outcome of the disease by the process of metabolism and immunity.Immune-modulating nutrients,such as glutamine,which is a current hot topic,but now there is a little research in it in critically ill children,and this paper summarizes the approach,the dose and the efficacy of glutamine in critically ill children,aiming to offer reference in clinics.

Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Complications ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; blood ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Dinoprost ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

To provide suggestions for perfecting essential drug centralized bidding and purchasing system. Methods:Using literature method to analyze comparatively essential drug bidding purchasing implement plans of 30 provinces in China. Results:Bidding mode in most provinces was double envelope system. Most evaluation methods did not distinguish the quality level, while there were great differences among provincial evaluation standard and scores of economic, technical and business bidding. Conclusion: To explore scientific and reasonable evaluation standard, it needs to establish an authoritative evaluation system for reference, choose the objective index as far as possible and properly increase the amount of bidding manufacturer.

0.05).Conclusion The 4-combine radical treatment to Hp infection can reduce the concentration of ammonia in gastric juice and blood ammonia obviously in patients with liver cirrhosis,whose Child-Pugh grade are A and B,and the treatment is effective in preventing heptic encephalopathy.

Objective To study the levels of interleukin(IL)-2 ,interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and IL-10 in peripheral blood and the effec-tive concentration of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum of patients with acute leukemia .Methods 65 patients with acute leuke-mia were divided into non-remission group(n=35) and remission group(n=30) .50 healthy volunteers were used as control group . The levels of IL-2 ,IFN-γ ,IL-10 in peripheral blood were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .The effective concentration of LDH was measured by automatic biochemical analyzer .Results The levels of IL-2 ,IFN-γin non-remission group were significantly decreased compared with control group and remission group(P<0 .05) ,but the level of IL-10 in non-remission group was significantly increased compared with control group and remission group(P<0 .05) .The effective concentration of LDH in non-remission group was significantly higher than that in control group or remission group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The levels of IL-2 ,IFN-γand IL-10 in peripheral blood and the effective concentration of LDH in serum of patients with acute leukemia have changed .Clinical detection of IL-2 ,IFN-γ,IL-10 and LDH may contribute to the early diagnosis of patients with acute leukemia .

Objective To investigate the optimal time points for transplantation with in vitro cultured dopaminergic neurons as a potential treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Methods After the ventral mesencephalic precursors from E11 rat embryos were expanded for 7 days in vitro, they were harvested respectively from day 0 to day 7 in the period of induced differentiation. Then the cells were seeded again and cultured for another 7 days. The final survival of dopaminergic neurons determined the optimal time points for moving cells in vitro and, possibly, for transplantation in vivo. Result The survival rate of dopaminergic neurons moved on day 0 and day 1 in the period of induced differentiation was significantly higher than that at other time points. Conclusion The optimal time points for transplantation are found possibly to be day 0 and day 1 in the period of differentiation after the expansion of ventral mesencephalic precursors from E11 rat embryos.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and dynamic hip screw (DHS) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.And provide a reasonable basis for clinical treatment of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures.Methods The clinical and follow-up records of 58 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PFNA and DHS were retrospectively reviewed.For times of operation,blood loss in operation,length of incision,incidents of complication and Harris's hip functional standard score were compared and analyzed.Results PFNA group operation time[(59.61 ± 8.27)min],amount of bleeding[(234.51 ± 38.80)ml] were both better than the DHS group of[(83.54 ± 11.12)min and (446.57 ±54.01) ml] respectively.There were significant differences (t =9.80,18.10,all P ＜ 0.05).The satisfactory rate was 92.8％ in PFNA group,higher than the DHS group's 83.3 ％ (x2 =6.18,P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference between two groups in the incident of complication,DHS group was higher.Conclusion PFNA internal fixation with a minimally invasive,fixed solid and recovery fast,is the better internal fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fracture patients.

OBJECTIVE：Analyzing the epidemic of drug risistance bacteria with extend spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)in children's wards to cut off the transmitting pathway and prevent the outbreak of nosocomial infections in time.METHODS：Samples，including sputum，umbilical secretion，pus，pharyngeal swab，were collected from in-hospital child patients in Departments of Newborn，Respiratory Tract Diseases，Cardiology，Nephrology，Hematology，Pediatric Surgery and ICU，then bacterial cultures and drug susceptibility test were carried out.54 strains of ESBLs E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and their plasmid profiles were analysed by agarose electrophoresis.RESULTS：The percentages of ESBLs in the above-mentioned departments were 46.3，12.9，5.6，12.9，5.6，11.1，5.6 respectively.In analysis，three types of profiles were found and strains with four types of the same profile concentrated in the Newborn Department.The others were dispersed.CONCLUSION：Nosocomial infections possibly occured in the Newborn Department to some extent.