OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utilization of oral antihypertensive drugs in the emergency department of our hospital.METHODS: By using drug utilization index,the oral antihypertensive drugs used in the emergency department of our hospital from Mar to Aug in 2006 were analyzed statistically in respect of the drug categories,DDDs,DDC etc.RESULTS: Leading the list in terms of DDDs and DDC were calcium antagonists,ACEI and compound preparations.CONCLUSION: The utilization of oral antihyperetensive drugs in the emergency department of our hospital was basically in line with that of the currently common antihypertensive drugs,however,the application categories should be extended,esp.for those with prolonged action.Furthermore,individualized medication should be advocated and great importance should be attached to ADR.

BACKGROUND:Piperine in models of pancreatitis, gout, middle cerebral artery infarction has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune regulatory effects, but its effects on periodontitis model are not clear.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effect of piperine on bone absorption and degradation of col agen in experimental rat models of periodontitis.
METHODS:Rat models of periodontitis were established by ligaturing the dental cervix of rat mandibular first molar with 3-0 silk. On day 1 before model establishment, rats were intragastrical y administered piperine 50 and 100 mg/kg. There were healthy control group and model group. Related detection was performed 8 weeks after model establishment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Results of quantitative CT analysis:compared with the healthy control group, the distance from the first molar enamelo-cemental junction to the alveolar ridge crest was significantly lower in the model group (P<0.05). The degree of alveolar damage was significantly improved in the 50 and 100 mg/kg piperine groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). (2) Related factor protein expression:compared with the model group, matrix metal oproteinase-8,-13 and interleukin-1βprotein expression was significantly decreased in the 100 mg/kg piperine group (P<0.05);matrix metal oproteinase-8 protein expression was significantly decreased in the 50 mg/kg piperine group (P<0.05). (3) Col agen fiber morphology:compared with the model group, col agen fibers arranged orderly and col agen fiber area significantly increased in the 50 and 100 mg/kg piperine groups (P<0.05). (4) Results confirmed that piperine could reduce the alveolar bone resorption, reduce the degradation of col agen fibers and protect the periodontal tissues in models of periodontitis. Its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of matrix metal oproteinase-8,-13 and interleukin-1βprotein expression.

Objective To investigate the proportions of the functional dyspepsia (FD) subgroups and to explore theri relationship with Helicobacter pylori (HP).Methods 186 cases with FD received questionaires about their condition and were typed according to their symptom.HP was detected through urease test,spear technique and cultivation.Results The proportion and HP-positive rate of the subgroup were 11.29%,14.24% in reflux-type dyspepsia,13.98%,46.15% in ulcer-type dyspepsin,48.39%,41.11% in dysmotility-type dyspepsia and 26.34%, 38.78% in complex dyspepsia,respectively.The total HP-positive rate of FD is 38.17%.Conclusion Dysmotility-type dyspepsia is most common.Some subgroups are overlapping with each other.There is no relationship between FD and HP.The HP-positive rate of the reflux-type dyspepsia is lower.This observation suggests that HP may have protective effects on esophagus.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare double-layer sustained release ornidazole films and investigate its release rate in vitro.METHODS: The double-layer sustained release ornidazole films film were prepared by the method of homogenate.The formula of the films were optimized by orthogonal experiment with the mass ratio of polyviol to CMC-Na(factor A),the total amount of polyviol and CMC-Na(B) and the amount of glycerol(C) as factors.The concentration of ornidazole was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and its release rate was also computed.RESULTS: The double-layer sustained release film was well-shaped.The optimized formula of the film was as follows: factor A=1∶1,B=4.5 g,C=4.0 g.The standard curve of ornidazole was linear within a range of 1～20 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 5,n=6),with an average recovery of 100.3%(RSD=1.3%,n=5).A continuous releasing of 11.0 hours was achieved for the prepared films and its cumulative release amount in vitro within 8 hours reached 81.50%.CONCLUSIONS: The preparative method of the films was simple,and the film had a slow-release property.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare aciclovir multivesicular liposomes of high encapsulation efficiency and good stability. METHODS: Aciclovir multivesicular liposomes were prepared by multiple emulsion method. The preparation technology was optimized by orthogonal experiment with entrapment efficiency as index and the amount of lubricant glyceryl trioleate (A),drug/lipid ratio (B),pH of buffer solution (C) and the amount of tween-80 (D) as factors. The concentration of the aciclovir was determined by the UV spectrophotometry and the entrapment efficiency of the aciclovir multivesicular liposomes was computed. The change of the entrapment efficiency of the optimized preparations within 7 days in different conditions was investigated and the leaking rate was computed. RESULTS: The optimal technology was as follows: A 0.50 g,B 5∶150,C 6.5 and D 0.40 g. The entrapment efficiency of the aciclovir multivesicular liposomes was 85.82% and the leaking rate was 5.84% within 7 days under common temperature. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation technology of the aciclovir multivesicular liposomes is simple and the preparation is of high entrapment efficiency and good stability under common temperature.

Objective To evaluate the potential effect of HLF (Hawthorn leave flavonoids, w/w, 80% flavonoids) against thrombus formation, effect of HLF on hypoxia-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) was studied. Method The levels of cytotoxicity and NO upon HUVECs were studied by flow cytometry. Moreover, the level of calcium ion in HUVECs was examined through laser scanning confocal microscopy. Result Data from this study showed that HLF at concentrations of 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml decreased the cytotoxicity of hypoxia to HUVECs (P<0.05, P<0.01). The intracellular levels of NO and calcium ion were downregulated by HLF at concentrations of 5 μg/ml (P<0.01; P<0.01) and 10 μg/ml (vs control, P<0.01; P<0.01) too. Conclusion Results observed suggest that HLF protect HUVECs from hypoxia partly through its regulative effect on NO and calcium ion levels.

Objective To investigate the methods and effects of different flaps for repair of high energy injury-induced soft tissue wound of the heel.Methods From January 2002 to June 2012,the patients including 12 males and 9 females aged 18-57 years (mean,32 years) underwent heel soft tissue defect reconstruction.Causes of injury were traffic injury in 11 case and mechanical injury in 10 cases.Dimension of soft tissue defect ranged from 5 cm × 3 cm to 8 cm × 6 cm.Soft-tissue defect was repaired with sural neurovascular flaps at the posterolateral heel in 9 cases (Group A),with posterior tibial artery flaps at the posterolateral heel in 5 cases (Group B),and with medial plantar flaps at the loading area of heel in 7 cases (Group C).Sensory recovery and two point discrimination motion of the ankle joint were observed and compared among groups 12 month after operation.Heel pain was observed during weight bearing and joint activity was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS).Results All the flaps survived,except for one with epidermal necrosis over the distal part,which healed after partial changing medication.Duration of follow-up was 12-24 months.There were no differences in the appearance,texture and contour between the flaps and recipient sites.Flaps showed no ulcer in the weight-bearing area and recovered their protective sense.Patients could walk normally after surgery.At postoperative 1 year,sensory recovery rate of the flaps in Groups A,B and C was 0,20％ and 100％ respectively (P ＜0.01).Appearance of the heel in all groups recovered to almost normal.Cases that could start nil weight-bearing exercise without pain accounted for 8 (89％) in Group A,4 (80％) in Group B,and 6 (86％) in Group C (P ＞ 0.05).While heel pain existed in weight-bearing exercise.Difference in VAS was significant among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05),but ankle range of motion was not (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Medial plantar flaps are suitable for tissue defect of 5-8 cm in length but sural neurovascular flaps and posterior tibial artery flaps should be considered for over 8 cm defect in order to elevate survival rate of the flaps and reconstruct limb function.

An adult patient with skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation was treated by mandibular molar distalization using micro-im-plant and intermaxillary traction.After treatment,the facial contour of the patient was improved,the Class Ⅰ molar and cuspid relationship was achieved.

Objective To explore changes of procedural memory in patients with primary insomnia(PI) and its characteristics.Methods Thirty-six PI patients and 36 controls were enrolled.The procedural memory was respectively detected with category exemplar generation and motor sequence tasks,and the declarative memory was assessed by free recall task.Results Compared with the controls,PI patients showed few correct numbers in the category exemplar generation (7.0 (6.0,8.8) vs 9.0 (9.0,11.0),Z=5.537,P＜0.01) and motor sequence task (8.0±3.3 vs 11.5 (8.6,13.8),Z=4.152,P＜ 0.01)and the phases of immediate recall (3.0 (2.3,4.0) vs 6.0 (5.0,7.0),Z =6.479,P ＜ 0.01),delayed recall (9.0 ± 2.2 vs 11.0 (10.0,12.0),Z =4.747,P ＜ 0.01) and delayed recognition (15.0 (13.0,15.0) vs 15.0 (15.0,15.0),Z=4.637,P＜0.01) of the free recall task.Furthermore,the early morning awakening group had significantly lower correct numbers in the motor sequence task,the delayed recall and recognition phases of the free recall task than the difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep groups.Conclusion The procedural and declarative memories are impaired in the PI patients,especially the early morning awakening insomniacs.

BACKGROUND:Large bone defect caused by various reasons has been a difficult problem in clinical practice. To establish a standard experimental animal model of critical bone defects has vital significance for evaluating the efficacy of bone osteogenesis using various materials and techniques.
OBJECTIVE:To establish the rabbit model of parietal critical bone defects and to determine the diameter of the critical defects of parietal bone in limited time.
METHODS:10 New Zealand white rabbits were selected. The skul seam was treated as the boundary. Four ful-thickness round defects of bone in the parietal bone were made, with diameters of 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm, so as to establish rabbit models of parietal critical bone defects. Gross anatomical observation, X-ray and cone beam CT were used to determine the bone density in the new bone defect area. The healing of bone defects was evaluated by histological examination.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 12 weeks, the 4 mm group showed high bone healing capacity significantly, and part of the bone bridge had been connected completely. Quantitative analysis of bone mineral density revealed that gray value at defect site and trabecular bone area at the same magnification and the same vision in the 4 mm group were significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.001). Only a smal amount of new bone in the periphery of bone defects appeared in the 5, 6 and 7 mm groups. The center of defect site was mainly fil ed by fibrous connective tissue. The results confirmed that this study successful y established rabbit models of parietal critical bone defects. During the 12 weeks of observation, bone defects with a diameter of ≥ 5 mm could not be self-healed, which was conformed to the criteria of critical defects of bone, and could be used as a reference value for critical parietal bone defects of a rabbit.