Objective To analyze types, mechanism and forensic identification for traumatic visual loss. Methods 109 cases of the evaluation for impairment and disability on traumatic visual loss were retrospectively analyzed, including interocular differences, anisometropia, left or right eye and the distributions of visual acuity, etc. Results The male-to-female ratio was 5.8:1, mainly 30~59 years of age. The ratio of monocular versus binocular injuries was 17.17:1. The ratio of left versus right injured eye was 1.39:1 in intentional injury cases. 115 eyes were injured, 83 of which were in low vision or blindness. 95 patients(87.16%) had large interocular differences( ≥ 3 lines). There were 9 patients with anisometropia from 2.25D to 6.00D and 23 patients with anisometropia larger than 6.00D. Conclusion Interocular differences and anisometropia are common in practice, which are not included in the expertise standard yet. Functional vision should be considered when developing the expertise standard.

Object To investigate the pathological changes,physiological condition,neurobehavior and motor development of the 3-day-old rats with ischemic brain injury.Methods Ninety six 3-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.Occlusion of both carotid arteries was performed in the experimental group,while the rats in the control group only received skin incisions without carotid ligation.Physical examinations and neurobehavioral development of the rats were recorded daily from the first day after operation until 3 weeks after birth,including weight,eye opening, incisor eruption,ear unfolding,righting reflex,negative geotaxis,limb placing and grasping reflex. Specimens of the brain tissue were obtained in 24 hours after operation and 3 weeks after birth for the hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining to investigate the pathological changes.All the reaults were compared between the 2 groups.Results Compared with the control group,rats in the experimental group were found growth retardation,suppression of primitive reflexes and impaired motor abilities (P < 0.05 ).The brain tissue obtained from the rats after operation showed white matter rarefaction,liquefaction and microglia hyperplasia with Hematoxylin-eosin staining and myelin formation disorder with immunohistochemistry staining.Conclusions Ischemic brain injury of the 3-day-old rats could result the mental retardation,neurobehavioral and motor development disorder because of the white matter injury.

Objective To determine the minimum alveolar concentration(MAC) of sevoflurane without body movement during laryngeal mask airway(LMA)intubation in premature infants less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age undergoing total inhalation general anesthesia induction.Methods Twenty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ premature infants less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age undergoing elective inhalation general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.At first,the general anesthesia induction was started by inhaling 6 ％ sevoflurane.After the premature infant lost consciousness,the end tidal sevoflurane concentration(ET-sev)was adjusted to the predetermined concentration and maintained stable for 15 min.After that,LMA was inserted.The up-anddown sequential allocation was used to determine MAC.The initial ETsev was 2 ％,which was increased or decreased by 1 gradient concentration in the next case according to the LMA insertion body movement response.The adjacent concentration gradient was 0.2％.The midpoint from th body movement response to non-body movement response was set as the balance point and the mean value of the concentrations of sevoflurane at all the balance points were calculated as MAC.Results The end tidal sevoflurane con centration without the body movement responses to LMA insertion was 1.71％.Conclusion The MAC of sevoflurane without the body movement responses to LMA insertion in premature infants less than 37 weeks of corrected gestational age is 1.71％,which is lower than that in the normal children and probably because imperfect central nervous system development in premature infants.

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria,drug sensitivity,and the relationship between drug sensitivity and Escherichia coli(E.coli) induced enzymes in childhood diarrhea in the last 2 years in Chongqing area,so as to provide important evidence for pediatric clinical therapy.Methods Thirty-one E.coli induced enzymes,extended spectrum ?-laetamases(ESBLs),cephalosporinase(AmpC)detected in different phenotype methods,and drug sensitivity was measured in paper strip method,and the specimens were collected from children′s hospital affiliated to chongqing university of medical sciences from Jan.2005 to Dec.2006 were determined.Among the total,there were 18 enteropathogeic E.coli(EPEC) strains,8 enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC) strains and 5 enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC) strains.In addition,drug resistance tests by paper strip included chloramphenicol(CHL),amikacin(AMK),gentamicin(GEN),norfloxacin(NOF),ciproflocacin(CIP),cefazolin(CEZ),cefoperazone(CPZ),ceftriaxone(CRO),ceftazidime(CAZ),cefotacime(CTX),cefepime(FEP),imipenem(IPM).SPSS 12.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Three point two percent of the 31 E.coli were drug resistant to IPM,and 35.5%,38.7% to NOF,CIP individually,but more than 60% to AMK,GEN,even more than 67.7% towards cephalosporin(except ceftazidime and cefepime);the gross enzyme-produced rate was 87.1%,rate of single ESBLs,AmpC,and induction of both enzymes simultaneously presented 64.5%,6.5%,16.1% respectively;and there was marked difference in drug resistance when bacteria that produced single AmpC versus bacteria that produced single ESBLs or that produced both ESBLs and AmpC(Pa﹤0.05).Conclusions The relationships among enzyme′s quantity,sort and bacterial resistance are different.These data show E.coli infected by bacterial diarrhea children in Chongqing due to a high rate of induced enzymes,and their drug resistance vary according to the state of induced enzymes.

Objective To investigates factors affecting the positive rate of blocking antibody treated by paternal lymphocyte immunotherapy in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods From January 2008 to August 2012,326 RSA cases undergoing treatment in Infertility Center of Qilu Hospital were studied retrospectively.Those patients were divided into 2 groups randomly:260 cases in intradermal injection group were administered via bilateral forearm intradermal injections for immunotherapy once 21 days,then the blocking antibody was determined after 2 (23 cases),3 (73 cases),4 (74 cases),5(90 cases) times respectively,while in subcutaneous injection group,the 66 cases were administered via subcutaneous injection once 21 days,the blocking antibody measured after 3 times; In both cases,the blocking antibody was all determined 2 weeks later.The positive rate of blocking antibodies and the rate of successful pregnancy was recorded,and then followed up after the blocking antibody turning positive.Results (1)Positive rate of blocking antibodies:the positive rate of blocking antibodies were 17％ (4/23),58％ (42/73),72％ (53/74) and 84％ (76/90) in the 2,3,4,and 5 times of intradermal injection group,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).In subcutaneous injection group,the positive rate of blocking antibodies was 38 ％ (25/66),which was significantly lower than that in group intradermal injection receiving 3 times immunotherapy (P ＜0.05).(2) The rate of pregnancy:the 176 patients out of 200 patients were pregnant when antibody was positive after immunotherapy,with 71.6％ (126/176)of patients gained successful pregnancy(the length of pregnancy more than 5 months).Conclusions The route and frequency of administration of immunotherapy could influence the positive rate of blocking antibody.The rate of successful pregnancy will be increased after blocking antibody turning positive.

Chills ; prevention & control ; Cold Temperature ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; Water

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on endogenous antioxidant systems in the process of myocardial oxidative stress injury induced by paraquat (PQ),so as to elucidate UTI protecting cadiocytes against PQ-induced injury.Methods Thirty Japan white rabbits were randomly (random number) divided into A,a sham control group; B,PQ intoxication model group and C,D,E,three UTI groups as per different dosages of UTI given.PQ (30 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal route to the rabbits of PQ intoxication model and rabbits of three UTI groups.UTI in doses of 15 000,30 000,50 000 U/kg was administered intravenously every day to the rabbits of three UTI groups respectively for 7 days after PQ intoxication.After the rabbits were sacrificed with 10％ chloral hydrate,left ventricles of rabbits were taken.Histomorphological changes of myocardium were observed by using HE staining.Hydroxyproline was measured by alkaline hydrolysis method,myocardial oxidative stress evaluated by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) immunohistochemistry staining,transcription levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),adiponectin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α),AMP-activated protein kinase-β1 (AMPK-β1),uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were assayed with reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The differences between two groups were analyzed by t test ; for multiple comparisons,data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA followed by Dunnett' s post hoc test; for two and multiple ranked data comparisons,Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used,and Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between UTI dose and transcription levels of endogenous antioxidant.Results Compared with group A,left ventricular cadiocytes in group B became swelled and disarranged,concentration of tissue HYP was elevated to (2.37 ± 0.49),P =0.001;scores of 4-HNE and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions were all upregulated (both P =0.001).Compared with group B,disordered myocytes in UTI treated groups tended towards normal,4-HNE scores in group D and group E descended respectively to (1.83 ± 0.53) and (1.70 ± 0.47),both P =0.001,HYP concentration reduced to (3.51 ±0.39) μg/mg and (3.29 ±0.37) μg/mg (P =0.002; P =0.001),and expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA in these two groups were decreased (both P =0.001).Transcription levels of four endogenuous antioxidant components,adiponectin,PPAR-α,AMPK-β1 and UCP-1,were all augmented in the group E with high dose UTI.The mRNA expressions of these four components positively correlated with the dose of UTI in the myocardium of PQ intoxicated rabbits.Conclusions UTI could protect myocardia against PQ-induced injury by increasing endogenous antioxidant systems.

Objective To explore the risk factors influencing the prognoses by analyzing clinical data of patients with acute paraquat intoxication,and provide a basis for clinical prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 176 patients with acute paraquat intoxication admitted into our Hospital were retrospectively collected during the period from January 2012 to February 2013. After admission,the conventional medical treatment was given to all the patients,and according to the prognoses of 28 days after poisoning,the patients were divided into death group and survival group. The gender,age,toxic dose,time elapsed from poisoning to admission,time elapsed from poisoning to gastric lavage,number of cases treated with drug lavage,white blood cell count(WBC),alanine amino-transferase(ALT),aspartate amino-transferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(SCr),acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score,carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP),number and time of cases revealing arterial blood oxygen saturation(SaO2)<0.90, and the survival rate within 28 days after admission were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to the prognosis. Results ①Of the 176 cases,96 survived and 80 died in 28 days,the survival rate being 54.55%.②Univariate analysis showed the poisoning dose(ml),time elapsed from poisoning to admission (minute), WBC(×109/L), ALT(U/L),AST(U/L),BUN(mmol/L),SCr(μmol/L),APACHEⅡ scores, CO2CP (mmol/L),number of cases with SaO2<0.90 in the survival group were significantly lower than those in the death group〔38.14±39.44 vs. 88.50±58.79,41.11±30.29 vs. 90.00±59.31,11.78±3.61 vs. 16.13±5.02,84.46±42.53 vs. 156.35±76.62,76.21±38.69 vs. 184.00±86.48,5.34±2.89 vs. 10.51±6.80,84.17±77.38 vs. 199.74±162.13, 0.96±1.60 vs. 3.60±2.61,22.02±4.47 vs. 18.35±4.19,4(4.17%)vs. 80(100.00%),respectively,all P<0.01〕;there were no statistically significant differences in time elapsed from poisoning to admission(hour),number of cases treated with drug lavage and time of revealing SaO2<0.90(day)between survival group and death group〔7.96±3.39 vs. 8.05±4.26, 20(20.83%)vs. 24(30.00%), 62.25±18.45 vs. 65.70±45.10,respectively,all P>0.05〕.③Multivariate logistic regression revealed poisoning doses>30 ml〔odds ratio(OR)=6.455,95% confidence interval(95%CI)3.177-13.113,P<0.001〕,time elapsed from poisoning to admission>30 minutes(OR=8.639, 95%CI 4.043-18.461, P<0.001), WBC>12×109/L (OR=2.745,95%CI 1.388-5.426, P=0.004),BUN>8 mmol/L(OR=6.713,95%CI 2.650-17.006,P<0.001)and CO2CP≤22 mmol/L(OR=4.737,95%CI 2.389-9.394, P<0.001) were the risk factors correlated with the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat intoxicationl. Conclusion Poisoning doses,time elapsed from poisoning to admission,BUN,CO2CP and WBC are the independent risk factors for predicting prognosis of acute paraquat intoxication.

ObjectiveTo measure the setup errors with infrared marker-based positioning system (IM-BPS) and electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for patients with esophageal carcinoma and lung cancer and investigate the accuracy and practicality of IM-BPS. MethodsFrom January 2007 to January 2008, 40 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 27 patients with lung cancer received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy, setup errors during the treatment were measured with IM-BPS and EPID, and the data of setup errors were compared with paired t-test and agreement with x2-test. ResultsIt takes 10 - 12 mins to complete the validating for each patient by EPID) system, while IMBPS system only needs 2 -5 mins. The mean setup errors along x, y and z-axis for patients with esophageal carcinoma measured by IM-BPS and EPID were 3.49 mm, 3. 19 mm, 3.31 mm and 4. 03 mm, 3.41 mm, 3.43 mm, respectively. For the patients with lung cancer, the setup errors were 4. 23 mm, 3.51 mm, 3. 39mm and 4. 85 mm, 3. 53 mm, 3.74 mm, respectively. The difference of setup errors meanured by the two systems was within 1 mm for 65％ esophageal carcinoma patients ( x2 =51.09, P =0. 000), and 55％ lung cancer patients ( x2 =53. 35, P =0. 000).Conclusions The measurement results of setup errors for patients with esophageal carcinoma and lung cancer show that IM-BPS is mostly better than EPID. Though validating for patients can be measured accurately and be well quality controlled, IM-BPS is used easily because of macroscopic, homely,spare time and real-time monitoring.

Objective To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of two cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia in literatures were summarized. Results Two cases were diagnosed of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia and had the onset with fever. The chest X-ray showed exudative change with cystic shadow. The chest CT showed multiple cavity changes. The sputum and blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Both of them were effectively treated by vancomycin. The imaging was improved during the follow-up. Searching the database, 4 related literatures were being found, and there were totally 7 cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia including current 2 cases. The main features were as follows: The pathogenic bacteria in all cases include Staphylococcus aureus. One case was combined with pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six cases were community-acquired infections. All of them were non-immune deficiency newborn. Six cases were primary necrotizing pneumonia. Six cases were unilateral lung involvement. Five cases got fever, 5 cases had septicemia, 3 cases had pleural effusion, 2 cases had aerothorax, one case had bronchial chest and 2 cases had extrapulmonary infection. The C-reactive protein was increased in all cases. Three cases need mechanical ventilation. Six cases had a good prognosis. Conclusions The main pathogenic bacterium in neonatal necrotizing pneumonia was Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnosis was mainly depends on the typical imaging and pathogenic examination. The treatment is mainly the use of antibiotic for gram positive cocci.