OBJECTIVE:To select an optimal extraction technique of Whitmania pigra whiman.METHODS:The af?fecting factors such as variety of solvent,temperature,time,the amount of solvent and the frequency of the extraction were studied on the basis of protein content in the hirudo extract and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT).RESULTS:The optimum extraction result was obtained in4%NaCl solvent of10-fold as much as the medicine with3times of extraction at60℃for6h((3h+2h+1h).CONCLUSION:The present technique is simple,scientific and practicable.

Objective To study the nursing features and effects of using insulin pump in gestational diabetes , and to grope for pregnant women during pregnancy care and education mode , how to make the gestational diabetes pregnant women safely through pregnancy to ensure that maternal and child health.Methods A retrospective analysis were done on 47 cases of gestational diabetes pregnant which treated by insulin pump from January 2004 to January 2009, reinforced therapy of using insulin pump and comprehensive care measures including mental nursing, diet therapy, appropriate physical training, skill nursing, healthy education and so on were taken.Results The blood glucose of all patients were well controlled, there were no complication of hypoglycemia reaction, hypoglycemia reaction, diabetic hyperosmolar coma, diabetic ketoacidosis and fetal distress in uterus.Conclusion It is considerable significance that perfect pregnancy care, active and effective nursing inter-vention for reducing infant and maternal complications and ensuring maternal and child health .

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology

Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; metabolism ; physiology

Disorders of gastrointestinal motility are common complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and may involve the whole alimentary tract. Dyspepsia, gastroparesis and constipation are very common. Gastric dysfunction in diabetes may influence the pharmocokinetics of hypoglycemic and other drugs. This article reviews the disorders of gastrointestinal motility in diabetes and possible mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effect of Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate tablet combined with metformin on ovulation induction of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS). METHODS:184 PCOS patients were randomly divided into control group(92 cases)and observation group(92 cases). Control group orally received 1 Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone ac-etate tablet in 5 d of menstruation,once a day,it stopped after 21 d,the next cycle of treatment was started on the 5th of with-drawal bleeding. Observation group additionally received 3 Metformin tablet,once a day,without drug withdrawal during menstrua-tion,and lasted for 3 menstrual cycles. After 3 menstrual cycles,all patients received ovulation induction treatment [(50-100 mg clomiphene was orally given from the 5th day of the 4th menstrual cycle,for 5 days,or 75-150 U postmenopausal gonadotropin by intramuscular injection,when the dominant follicle diameter was(19.0±2.0)mm,10 000 U human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was intramuscularly injected,the ovulation was continuously monitored and whether there was ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)was observed]. Body mass index(BMI),follicle estrogen(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),prolactin(PRL),estradiol (E2)and testosterone(T)before and after treatment,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance in-dex(HOMA-IR),pregnancy rate,ovulation rate and the incidences of OHSS and adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed.RE-SULTS:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the BMI,FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,BMI,LH,PRL,E2,T,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR in observation group and LH, E2 and FINS in control group were significantly lower than before,and BMI,PRL,E2,T,FPG,FINS and HOMA-IR in observa-tion group were lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The pregnancy rate and ovulation rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate combined with metfor-min can effectively improve insulin resistance of POCS patients,recovery sex hormone secretion,promote ovulation and improve pregnancy rate,with good safety.

OBJECTIVE To study air disinfection methods in unremitting operating room,we compared effect of using trioxide disinfector(used in operating room "A") with YKX/G100-type medical air disinfection and purification machine(used in operating room "B") in disinfecting air inside unremitting operating room.METHODS To observe the killing effect on air natural bacteria of the two methods,we used natural sedimentation monitoring the different stages sampling before and after sterilization and at the beginning stage of the unremitting operation.RESULTS Both the two methods could achieve the air natural bacteria eradication rate above 85%.The air bacteria colony number obviously upgraded after the beginning of unremitting operation in operating rooms "A";but in operating rooms "B",the number fell-off slowly.CONCLUSIONS The medical air disinfection and purification machine can shorten the interval of operations,it is the better approach of continuous air disinfection in solving the unremitting operating room with personnel existence.

CCN1 is a novel extracellular matrix-associated signaling protein which possesses 381 amino-acid residues to compose 4 distinct structural modules with 38 conserved cysteine residues.This protein has a variety of properties in cardiovascular system,affecting the cellular behaviors such as differentiation,proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells,smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes,that suggested an essential roles of CCN1 in angiogensis,vascular injury,cardiac development and myocardial infarction.

A retrospective survey wag performed among medical staff in a hospital during 2006-2008 with physical examinations and reviews of medical records.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)related factors were compared and analyzed for them.Overall detection rate of NAFLD was 13.9%(230/1655)in 2006 and 18.9%(344/1817)in 2008,with statistically significant difference(χ2=15.549,P＜0. 01 ). Among people surveyed over 30 years old, detection rate of NAFLD was 9.4%, 17. 8% and 21.7% for those aged 30 -39, 40 -49 and 50 years and over, respectively in 2006, while 14. 4%, 28. 2% and 30. 5% , respectively in 2008. Detection rate presented a increasing trend in those of younger age. Relative risk for fatty liver was 1. 859 for those with obesity and overweight. Prevalence of NAFLD in medical staff increases year by year. Medical staff should attend for their own health and take measures to prevent them from its potential risk factors and pay more attention to behavioral intervention for NAFLD.

BACKGROUND: "Public Health Report in 2000" shows that various indexes of body shape of the national infants increase with their age; Urban infants exceed rural even-aged ones in the body height, body mass and chest circumference; Urban infants also exceed rural even-aged ones in the mean increase of development of body shape at each index. Urban-rural disparity still exists.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body shape of 3- to 6-year-old infants of Heibei province, and analyze the differences in body shape at different age stages between urban and rural infants.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.SETTING: Hebei Provincial Party School.PARTICIPANTS: Body-shape investigation was performed in 1 600 healthy 3- to 6-year-old urban and rural infants from Shijiazhuang,Cangzhou and Chengde in July 2000 with clustering stratified random sampling. Informed consents were obtained from the guardians of the infants.METHODS: By referring to related results, the body length and body mass at born of infants were investigated through questionnaire-style according to the performance criteria of "Public Health Monitoring Working Manual in 2000" formulated by general administration of sport of China.To be measured shape indexes included body height, body mass, sitting height, chest circumstance, skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen, t test was used for the comparison of difference of measurement data.RESULTS: Totally 1 600 questionnaires were handed out, and all of them were completely and exactly filled in and retrieved. 800 were male and 800 were female; 800 were urban infants and 800 were rural infants. ① The body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants at born: Four year-old male infants were shorter than other age-stage infants at born. Six-year-old male infants were the longest, and the increased amplitude was the largest and the increased speed was the fastest. The body height of female infants developed in wave-tendency from born, decreased at 5 years old and rebounded at 6 years old. The body mass of male infants developed in wave-tendency, and decreased fastest in the largest amplitude at 6 years old. The body mass of female infants developed in year-by-year decreasing tendency. The increased amplitude and speed of the body mass of the female infants were the same between at 5 yearn old and at 6 years old. ② The changes in body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants: The body height and body mass of 3- to 6-year-old infants increased with age.③ Comparison of the measuring index of body shape between urban and rural 3- to 6-year-old infants: The urban male infants significantly exceeded the rural male ones in chest circumstance, skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen [(55.22±3.56)vs(54.58±3.43) cm;(9.33±3.20)vs (8.34±2.29) mm;(6.19±2.55)vs (5.18±1.98) mm;(6.64 ±3.30)vs (6.05±2.49) mm, t=2.573, 5.034,2.375, 2.848,P ＜ 0.05-0.01].The body height, body mass and sitting height were close between urban and rural male infants (P ＞ 0.05). ④ Comparison of the measuring index of body shape between urban and rural 3- to 6-year-old female infants: Urban female infants significantly exceeded rural female ones in skinfold thickness at upper buttocks, shoulder blade and abdomen [(10.09±3.32) vs (9.08±2.52) mm, (6.68±2.45) vs (6.16±2.01) mm, (7.62±3.23) vs (6.84 ±3.07) mm, t=4.857, 3.266,3.481 ,P ＜ 0.01].The body height, body mass,sitting height and chest circumstance were close between urban and rural female infants (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①Male and female infants have the largest increased amplitude and fastest increased speed in the body height between at 3 years old and at 4 years old. Increased amplitude and increased speed develop constantly from 4 years old. ② The body mass of male infants had the largest increased amplitude at 6 years old, but that of female infants at 4 years old. The increased speed of body mass of male infants is higher at 4 years old and 6 years old than at 5 years old, and that of female infants increase with age. ③ Urban male nfants exceed rural male infants in upper body development and in vivo fat content. In vivo fat content of urban female infants is higher than that of rural ones.