The students are consciously taught how to think the surgery and how to analyze and solve problems in the animal surgery curriculum.

Orthopaedic surgery is a fast developing subject in clinical surgery.Based on the characteristics of the orthopaedic surgery and aiming to enhance the medical students’practical ability of basic skills and clinical thinking we adopt the explorative clinical teaching which can be helpful to training students’initiative of finding and working out a solution by themselves and cultivating their capability of innovation and creation.

In order to realize the sustained education concept in clinical medical English teaching,several measures were taken in the first clinical medical college of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,such as training the teaching staff,using original textbooks and redesigning the curriculum.Particularly the tutorial system was introduced to the education frame.The teaching and research section of clinical medical English explored the new teaching routes for postgraduates in traditional Chinese medicine university.

To investigate the dynamic homing process and characteristics of macrophages in different organs of immune-mediated aplastic anemia (AA) model mice. Macrophages in donor lymph nodes were sorted by magnetic beads and labeled with PKH67. After modeling according to the preparation method of the AA model, peripheral blood rountine analysis, bone marrow biopsy and HE staining results were analyzed to verify the modeling effect. On days 4, 8, and 12 of modeling, the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node mononuclear cells were collected, and dynamic changes of PKH67-labeled macrophages in donor mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. In this study, dynamic changes in PKH67-labeled macrophages in the pathogenesis of AA model mice were explored. Macrophages in donor mice homed to the lymph nodes, expanding and differentiating in the lymph nodes, and finally transported to the bone marrow and spleen. Through proteomics mass spectrometry analysis, the related immune inflammatory response pathway of macrophages involved in the activation of the AA bone marrow microenvironment was preliminarily revealed, which provides a basis for the pathological macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of AA model mice.

OBJECTIVETo explore the management of cerebral ischemia caused by Takayasu's arteritis.

METHODSNinety-three cases treated from June 1984 to September 1999 at the General Post & Telecom Hospital, the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, the Second Medical College of Beijing University, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, and the Beijing Union Medical College Hospital, including 10 men and 83 women, were reviewed. Of the 93 cases, bypasses from the ascending aorta to the axillary or subclavian artery and from graft to the carotid artery were performed in 47 cases. Subclavian to carotid bypass was performed in six cases. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used in five cases and stenting in one.

RESULTSMarked improvement was achieved in 30.3%, fair in 34.9%, improvement in 21.2%, unchanged in 4.6%, and death in 9.0% before discharge; 30.6%, 38.8%, 16.3%, 4.1%, and 2.0% respectively during a mean follow-up of 48 months, and recurrence requiring revision in 8.2%.

CONCLUSIONPatients with occlusive lesions of all four cervical arteries always have severe cerebral ischemia and their distal runoff is always unvisualised by angiography. However, we found by exploration that the internal carotid artery is patent in all but one patient. Therefore, an ascending aorta to carotid bypass is feasible in most instances, and this can and should be done when the cerebral perfusion is jeopardized at a time when the patient is in a stable or relatively stable condition. Unfortunately, the cerebral re-perfusion syndrome is still a serious and not completely solved problem.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Brain Ischemia ; etiology ; surgery ; therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Preparations ; therapeutic use ; Takayasu Arteritis ; complications ; Tripterygium