Objective To know the situation of smoking control in all kinds of restaurants and the attitudes of citizens toward it.Methods Using methods of spot field investigation and questionnaire survey,193 of restaurant staff and 189 customers in 353 restaurants & bars were investigated.Results The average ratio of smoking control of all sorts of restaurants and bars was both about 25%,and in west restaurants,the average ratio of smoking control was 39.2%.Both the customers and the restaurants keepers were consistent on smoking control;the average supporting rate was 72.1%.Conclusion With the opportunity of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games,It is urgent for us to expand propaganda against smoking,and to strengthen non-smoking legislation and make out feasible smoking control measures for this city.

Objective To probe into the current services and outcomes of township hospitals following their transformation, and their future positioning of functionality. Methods Pinpointing townships A, B and C as samples from a district in Beijing, in which field surveys were made in the township hospitals to learn their services, service provision methods and outcomes. Results Among the current services provided by these three hospitals, those of public health and primary healthcare nature in hospital A account for 50% each; those in hospital B account for 70% and 30% respectively; those in hospital C account for 60% and 40% respectively. Recommendable services provided in these hospitals include universal coverage of medical files, management of infectious diseases, public health emergency management, and immunization. Conclusion Township hospitals as the center of the 3-tier rural health service network, deserve a repositioning of their functionality to fit the health needs of residents at large.

Objective To assay Icariine, Epimedin C, asperosaponin Ⅵ, psoralen and angelicin in Xianlinggubao capsules via multi-wavelength HPLC method.Methods Separation was carried out on Welch Ultimate○R XB-C18 column.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water system and a linear gradient elution was used.The column temperature was 30 ℃.The detection wavelength for Icariine, Epimedin C,asperosaponin Ⅵ was set at 212 nm, psoralen and angelicin at 246 nm.Results Five components reached baseline separation, the linearity was good when sample size was in the range of 0.008 2-0.328 μg for Icariine(r=0.999 5), 0.055 6-2.224 μg for Epimedin C (r=0.999 6), 0.144 1-5.764 μg for asperosaponin Ⅵ(r=0.999 6), 0.005 4-0.215 2 μg for psoralen(r=0.998 0), 0.006 6-0.265 6 μg for angelicin(r=0.998 5).The average recoveries were 97.59％, 98.58％, 98.11％, 97.86％, 98.22％ respectively.The RSDs of recovery were all less than 2.0％.Conclusion This method is simple, accurate, with good separation, high sensitivity for the assay of multiple components in Xianlinggubao capsule.

Purpose To detect left atrial volume change and myocardial strain,and to evaluate left atrial (LA) function in coronary heart disease patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) by real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (RT3D-STI).Materials and Methods Eighty-eight patients with coronary disease were divided into non mitral regurgitation group (NMR group,n=30) and mitral regurgitation group (MR group,n=58),including mild MR (n=20),moderate MR (n=20) and severe MR (n=18).Thirty healthy participants were also included as control group.Using RT3D-STI,the global atrial longitudinal strain (GLS),global radial strain (GRS),global circumferential strain (GCS),LA maximal,minimal and pre-systolic volume (LAVmax,LAVmin and LAVp),LA passive ejection fraction (LApEF) and LA active ejection fraction (LAaEF) were measured,and the relationship between LA myocardial strain and left ventricular function was analyzed.Results ① The LAEF,LVEF,LApEF in NMR group and MR group decreased compared those with the control group (P＜0.05),and the LApEF in MR group were lower than those in NMR group (P＜0.05);② compared with the control group,the GLS and GCS in NMR group and MR group decreased observably (P＜0.05),and the parameters in MR group was lower than those in NMR group (P＜0.05);along with the severity of mitral regurgitation,GLS,GCS and GRS declined in varying degrees.③ The overall strain ability of left atrial myocardium (GLS,GCS,GRS) had a positive correlation with LAEF (NMR group:r=-0.810,-0.760 and 0.851;MR group:r=-0.680,-0.745 and 0.583;P＜0.05).Conclusion RT3D-STI plays an important role in assessing LA myocardial movement change and evaluating left atrial function of mitral regurgitation patients by nvestigating left atrial volume change,calculating LAEF and tracing myocardial motion,which provides valuable references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

lrisin is an endogenous secreted muscle factor, Which not only plays a certain clinical application value in a variety of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurological diseases, tumors and other diseases, but also affects the occurrence and development of organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. ln this paper, the role and mechanism of irisin in organ ischemia/reperfusion injury Were summarized, aiming to provide neW ideas for prevention and treatment of organ ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are organic acids with no more than 6 carbon atoms produced during the anaerobic fermentation of dietary fiber in the intestinal tract, which can regulate intestinal flora, repair intestinal mucosal barrier, and reduce intestinal injury.Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of various diseases, and the pathological mechanisms involved are intricate, among which inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy are the most common. According to current studies, SCFAs can affect the occurrence and development of IRI in various organs by regulating different cell signal transduction. In this paper, the role and mechanism of SCFAs in alleviating tissue and organ ischemia-reperfusion injury were preliminarily summarized, providing theoretical reference for clinical prevention and treatment of IRI.

AIM: To explore schisandrin B (Sch B) pretreatment reduces intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IIRI) through inhibiting apoptosis by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signing pathway in mice by network pharmacology and in vivo experiment. METHODS: (1) The targets of Sch B and IIRI were searched from online databases, Drawing Venn diagram to obtain the common target of them. Cytoscape software was imported to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to establish the "Drugs-Disease-core target gene" network. The mechanism of Sch B against IIRI was predicted through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. (2) Thirty-six C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). The model of IIRI was established in four groups except the sham operation group. Three of the groups were pretreated with Sch B, Nrf2 inhibitor ML385, and Sch B + ML385, respectively. After the experiment, intestinal tissue samples were taken for HE staining, Chiu ' s score, apoptosis staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunoblotting (Western blot). RESULTS: A total of 412 Sch B related tar- gets, 2 166 IIRI related targets and 153 common targets were screened out through network pharmacology. There were 88 "Sch B-IIRI-core target gene" included NFE2L2 (Nrf2), HMOX1 (HO-1), BCL2, CASP3 (caspase 3), and so on. KEGG enrichment analysis screened 163 related pathways, apoptosis pathway ranked high showing that the pathway may play a key role in the treatment of IIRI by Sch B. The animal experiment had shown that Sch B reduced the Chiu's score and apoptotic while upregulating Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl-2 protein expression levels and Bcl-2/Bax, downregulating Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels, thereby reducing IIRI in mice, and that Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed this process (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that Sch B has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway in the reduction of IIRI, and Sch B can reduce IIRI through inhibiting apoptosis by activation of Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth dangerous cancer in the world. As the global population ages, the management of elderly patients with EC poses a challenge as they have many aging-associated diseases and physiological changes. In addition, the data on the tolerability of cancer treatment and the use of combined therapies in the patients to guide their treatment are limited. In this paper, we reviewed the literatures and discussed the effect of surgical resection and the potential complications of elderly patients. We reviewed the basic principles of combined therapy and the potential benefits of chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for patients and focused on the management of elderly patients with EC as well as the role of comprehensive assessment for aging to provide treatment options for elderly patients.

Tubulin has been shown to be an effective target for the development of cytotoxic agents against prostate cancer. Previously, we reported that Lx2-32c is an anti-tubulin agent with high binding affinity to tubulin. In this study, we investigated the potential of Lx2-32c to act as an effective cytotoxic agent in the treatment of prostate cancer. MTT assays showed that Lx2-32c was cytotoxic to all tested prostate cancer cell lines. The Lx2-32c-treated cells typically exhibited a rounded morphology associated with the onset of apoptosis, as evidenced by immunocytochemical staining. Human prostate cancer cell lines treated with Lx2-32c arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and the treatment is associated with an increased ratio of cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase as determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of the cleaved form of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in prostate cancer cell lines treated with Lx2-32c was shown by Western blotting assay. Xenograft implants of LNCaP and PC3-derived tumors in nude mice showed that Lx2-32c treatment significant inhibited tumor growth with effects equivalent to those of docetaxel. These findings demonstrate the potential of Lx2-32c as a candidate antitumor agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.