Objective:To detect the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in nasopharyngeal secretion of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Method: The content of TNF-α in nasopharyngeal secretion was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 20 controls,52 patients with NPC.Result:The average concentrations of TNF-α were (12.95±4.62)pmol/L in control group,(33.68±15.13) pmol/L in NPC group and (64.00±11.57)pmol/L in NPC with necrosis group. The content of TNF-α in nasopharyngeal secretion in control group was lower significantly than that of patients with NPC (P<0.01).Conclusion:The level of TNF-α in nasopharyngeal secretion of NPC patients was higher than that of normal subjects. To detect the content of TNF-α in nasopharyngeal secretion is a useful test for the study and diagnosis of NPC.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between FIB-4 and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2012, the clinicopathological and follow-up data of 245 patients with HCC after curative resection were retrospectively studied. Their survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results: According to FIB-4 index, patients were divided into two subgroups: FIB-4Ⅰ(≤3.25) and FIB-4Ⅱ(>3.25). FIB-4 could predict liver cirrhosis severity (Ishak grade, Grade 1-5 vs. Grad 6, r=0.681, P<0.001). It was associated with liver function such as:aspartate transaminase (P<0.001)、total bilirubin (P=0.009)、albumin (P=0.001) and platelet count (P<0.001) other than tumor clinicopathologic features. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed FIB-4 could predict the prognosis of HCC patients (Overall survival: P=0.037 and 0.011; Recurrencefree survival: P=0.027 and P=0.043, respectively). Conclusion: The preoperative FIB-4 index could be used as a prognostic marker for the prognosis of HCC after curative hepatectomy.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among residents in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide basis for further publicity and application of nPEP in genenral population. Methods: Community residents at ages of 18 years and older in Yangzhou City were sampled using the multi-stage random sampling method from January to June, 2022, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect their demographic information, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related knowledge, attitude and behaviors and awareness of nPEP. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting awareness of nPEP. Results: Totally 1 488 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 447 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.24%. There were 644 males and 803 females, with mean age of (36.33±11.90) years. There were 585 residents (40.43%) employed by government agencies, enterprises and public institutions; 750 residents (51.83%) with awareness of AIDS; 413 (28.54%), 651 (44.99%) and 383 residents (26.47%) had low, medium and high levels of AIDS discrimination, respectively; 201 residents (13.89%) with HIV detection experience; and 792 residents (54.73%) with regular health checkup. The awareness rate of nPEP was 47.89%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified career (government agencies, enterprises and public institutions, OR=1.530, 95%CI: 1.170-1.999; students, OR=1.450, 95%CI: 1.027-2.047), awareness of AIDS (OR=3.201, 95%CI: 2.495-4.106), having HIV detection experience (OR=1.908, 95%CI: 1.339-2.719), regular health checkup (OR=2.308, 95%CI:1.807-2.949) and discrimination against AIDS (medium, OR=0.703, 95%CI: 0.532-0.928; high, OR=0.699, 95%CI: 0.502-0.974) as factors affecting awareness of nPEP. Conclusions The awareness of nPEP among residents in Yangzhou City needs to be improved. Employees in government agencies, enterprises and public institutions and students have higher awareness of nPEP.

A new method of two-direction counter-immunoelectrophoresis (TD-CIEP and TD-ELACIEP) for detection of specific antigen and antibody of enzyme-dissociated schisto-some circulating immune complexes (SCIC) in infected rabbits and advanced schistosomia-sis cases was reported. Results showed that the detection rate was markedly increased in the enzyme-dissociated sera as compared with that of non-dissociated sera. The levels of antigen and antibodies were found to be correlated to the period and intensity of infection. The detected antigen was solely originated from the adult worm. Comparison of sensitivity of both methods showed that TD-ELACIEP was much more sensitive than TD-CIEP either for detection of antigen or antibodies. Of 54 sera of advanced schistosomiasis cases the detection rate of schistosome antigen or antibodies by TD-ELACIEP in enzyme-dissociated and non-dissociated serum samples was 50 and 25.9%, respectively. Only 9 cases( 16.7%) were COP positive with COP rate^5%. Sera from 25 healthy persons revealed no false positive reaction by either method. The present results indicated that TD-ELACIEP of dissociated SCIC may be helpful in immunological diagnosis of advanced schis-tasomiasis.

Objective: To analyze of epidemiological and etiological characteristics of 14 norovirus clusters or outbreak in Nan an District, for comprehensive prevention and control measures for norovirus infections in the region. Methods: Data were collected from the emergency public health event management information system of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results: In 2018, 14 cases of norovirus infection clusters and outbreaks were reported in Nan an District, accounting for 63.64% of the total number of incidents in the region. A total of 268 cases were reported, with an average incidence of 2.19%; the outbreak occurred mainly in November(n=6); kindergartens reported the most outbreak(n=7), followed by primary schools(n=5); the median duration of the outbreak was 2.80 days; and 14 outbreaks were caused by the GII-type genome of norovirus, with the main transmission routes being human-to-hnuman transmission. Conclusion The prevalence of norovirus outbreaks tends to be higher in schools, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of vomiting and diarrhea symptoms in collective units such as schools, and efforts should be promoted for implementation of all levels of prevention and control measures in school.

Objective To investigate the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in divers of Dalian.Methods From January 2010 to December 2010,all registered 855 divers in Dalian were enrolled in this study.All divers underwent a unified medical examination and a questionnaire including height,weight,blood pressure and hip inspection.Radiological examination (anteroposterior and frog position)was used for all divers.Suspicious persons with hip pain but normal X-ray performance were confirmed by MRI.Results Sixty-eight divers were confirmed as ONFH,and the incidence of ONFH in divers of Dalian was 7.95％.According to the Ficat classification,12 patients (12 hips) were in Phase 1,40 patients (47 hips)in phase Ⅱ,3 patients (3 hips) in phase Ⅲ,13 patients (15 hips) in phase Ⅳ.The mean age of divers was 32.6+5.5 years (range,18-55 years).The onset ages of most patients ranged from 30 years to 50 years,accounted for 83.82％ (57/68).Among all patients,primary school education accounted for 10.58％ (38/359),junior high school education 6.28％ (28/446),high school education 4.26％ (2/47),university education 0 (0/3); seniority less than 5 years accounted for 4.55％ (20/440),6-10 years 9.69％ (28/289),11-15 years 13.04％ (12/92),16-20 years 21.05％ (4/19),more than 20 years 26.67％ (4/15); self-employed accounted for 11.88％ (19/160),private enterprise 8.41％ (38/452),and national enterprise 4.53％ (11/243).Conclusion The incidence of ONFH is high in divers of Dalian,which is different in terms of age,seniority,level of education,enterprise nature.

In order to provide basic information for the utilization and development of famous classical formulas containing Bletillae Rhizoma， this article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， harvesting and processing of Bletillae Rhizoma by reviewing the ancient materia medica， prescription books， medical books and modern literature. The research results showed that Baiji（白及） was the main name， some scholars took Baiji（白芨） as its main name， and there were many other names such as Baiji（白给）， Baigen（白根）， Baiji（白苙）. The mainstream source of Bletillae Rhizoma was the tubers of Bletilla striata， and drying， large， white， solid， root-free and skin removed completely were the good quality standards. With the promotion of wild to cultivated medicinal materials， there were certain differences between their traits， and the quality evaluation indexes should be adjusted accordingly. The origin of records in the past dynasties was widely distributed， with Guizhou and Sichuan having high production and good quality in modern times. The harvesting period is mostly in spring and autumn， and harvested in autumn was better. The processing and processing technology is relatively simple， and it was used fresh or powdered in past dynasties， while it is mainly sliced for raw use in modern times. Based on the results， it is suggested that the tubers of Bletilla striata of Orchidaceae should be used in the famous classical formulas， and it should be uniformly written as Baiji（白及）. And if the original formula indicates the requirement of processing， it should be operated according to the requirement， if the requirement of processing is not indicated， it can be used in raw form as medicine.