The color fading reation on potassium bromate with Victoria green stand G by the catalysis of nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium was studied. The experimental condition offlow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace NO2- was optimized. The linear range for the determination of nitrite is 0.00～0.30 mg/L and 0.30～ 2.00 mg/L, the solpes of standard curves are 0.708 and 0.339 respectively, the analytical speed is 80/h. It has been used todetermine trace nitrite in the collanae lake water, fishpond water, power plant waste water and well water. The results are satifactory.

Objective To study the effects of dammarane sapogenins ( DS-1226 ) on sleep interruption-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.Methods 130 SPF healthy 5 -6-week old male ICR mice were randomly divided into control, model, DS-1226 low dose, DS-1226 medium dose and DS-1226 high dose groups.The behavioral alterations in open field (OF), Morris water maze (MWM) and step-through (ST) tests were detected at 15 days after rotating drum-induced sleep interruption ( SI) .Results The total distance, movement speed, total duration of movement were increased in OF test ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) after treatment.The latency of place navigation was increased from day 5 in the MWM test after 15 d sleep interruption, and the number of crossing in the target quadrant and the percent distance in target quadrant were decreased after 15 d sleep interruption ( P <0.05, vs.the control group), while the latency of place navigation was decreased, and the percent distance in target quadrant and percent time in target quadrant after high dose DS-1226 oral administration ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) were increased.Error times, distance in dark chamber, time in dark chamber and immobility time in dark chamber were increased in training of step through test ( P<0.05, vs.the control group);while these indexes were decreased after DS-1226 oral administration ( P<0.05, vs.the model group) .But there was no significant difference in the step through testing course.Conclusions The results show that orally administrated DS-1226 can ameliorate SI-induced learning and memory impairment, and there is a significant dosage-effect relationship.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of 18 F?FDG PET/CT imaging for primary pul?monary lymphoepithelioma?like carcinoma (LELC). Methods A total of 19 patients (10 males, 9 fe?males;average age 56.4 years) with suspected primary pulmonary LELC undergone whole?body 18F?FDG PET/CT and chest contrast CT scan were enrolled in this retrospective study. The SUVmax and uptake pat?terns of FDG, the histological types and the clinical stages were recorded. Image characteristics of contrast CT and FDG PET/CT were observed, and the diagnostic efficiency was calculated. Two?sample t test and one?way analysis of variance were used to analyze the results. Results The diagnostic sensitivity and spe?cificity of LELC were 12/13 and 4/6 for FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax of LELC lesions was significantly differ?ent from that of other lung malignant tumors or lung benign lesions (F=3.67, P<0?05). The lesion had longer diameter, lower CT density, higher SUVmax in stage Ⅳ patients, compared with that in stageⅠ-Ⅲpatients ( F=7.01, P<0.05) . The significant difference of SUVmax was found between lesions with ring up?take and lesions with other uptake types (3.94±0.67 vs 2.86±0.35; t=4.07, P<0?05). The SUVmax was higher in Schmincke tumors when compared with that in tumors of Regaud subtype ( 3. 61 ± 0. 71 vs 2. 76 ± 0?29; t=2.99, P<0.05) . Conclusion 18 F?FDG PET/CT could be an accurate method in differential diag?noses of primary pulmonary LELC.

Objective: To investigate the incidence trend of diabetes among children and adolescents in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of diabetes among children and adolescents. Methods: Data on diabetes incidence among children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years in Ningbo City were collected through the Diabetes Monitoring Platform of the Ningbo Chronic Disease Collaborative Management System from 2011 to 2021. Crude incidence rates were calculated and standardized using data from the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The trend of incidence rates were analyzed by average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: A total of 701 cases of diabetes among children and adolescents were reported in Ningbo City from 2011 to 2021. The crude and standardized incidence rates were 6.86/105 and 7.27/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=5.886%, 7.147%, both P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence rates of type 1 diabetes mellitus were 3.36/105 and 3.35/105, respectively, with no significant trend observed (AAPC=1.229%, 1.449%, both P>0.05). The crude incidence rate was higher in children and adolescents aged 10 to <15 years (4.56/105) than in other age groups (all P<0.05). The standardized incidence rate was higher in females than in males (3.49/105 vs. 3.04/105, P<0.05). The standardized incidence rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (3.60/105 vs. 3.15/105, P<0.05). The crude and standardized incidence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus were 3.43/105 and 3.87/105, respectively, showing upward trends (AAPC=4.904%, 7.579%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence rate was higher in children and adolescents aged 15 to 18 years (10.53/105) than in other groups (all P<0.05). The crude incidence rates in children and adolescents who aged 10 to <15 years and 15 to 18 years showed upward trends (AAPC=15.030%, 6.637%, both P<0.05). The standardized incidence rate was higher in males than in females (4.01/105 vs. 3.57/105, P<0.05). The standardized incidence rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (4.57/105 vs. 3.34/105, P<0.05). Conclusions From 2011 to 2021, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus showed an upward trend, with cases mainly concentrated in children and adolescents aged 15 to 18 years, males, and those living in urban areas. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus remained stable, with cases mainly concentrated in children and adolescents aged 10 to <15 years, females, and those living in urban areas.

Nutritional therapy is very important for critically ill children. Most children need to put nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition. Severe esophageal stricture, gastric compression, gastric retention and gastric outlet obstruction may require endoscopic catheterization; dysphagia caused by various reasons, or children who need long￣term catheterization for enteral nutrition,need percutaneous endoscopic gastrointesti￣nal stoma catheterization. Gastroscopy￣guided intubation is divided into nasal intubation of gastric tube,nasal intubation of jejunum tube and nasal intubation of three￣chamber gastrointestinal tube. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrointestinal stoma catheterization can be performed through gastrostomy,jejunostomy and duodenostomy. Choosing suitable catheterization method can help all kinds of critically ill children to establish enteral nutri￣tion pathway as soon as possible and promote recovery of illness.

Objective To discuss the advantages of postoperative early ambulation for patients after high-viscosity bone cement injection treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Methods A total of 42 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were divided into the study group (n=21)and the control group (n=21).High-viscosity bone cement injection was used to perform percutaneous vertebroplasty for the patients in the study group,while low-viscosity bone cement injection was adopted to complete percutaneous vertebroplasty for the patients in the control group.The patients of the study group were asked to get out of bed in 4 hours after vertebroplasty and to do off-bed activity in 8 hours after vertebroplasty,while the patients of the control group were asked to get out of bed in 12 hours after vertebroplasty and to do off-bed activity in 24 hours after vertebroplasty.CT reexamination was performed within 3 days after vertebroplasty to observe the paravertebral leakage and the cement distribution in vertebrae.The visual analogue scale (VAS),the ability score of daily life activy (Barthel),the risk score of pressure skin ulcer (Braden) and the risk rating of deep venous thrombosis were used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness for both groups.Results The procedure of vertebroplasty was successfully accomplished in all patients of both groups.No statistically significant differences in VAS score and in Barthel score at 24 hours and 7 days after vertebroplasty existed between the two groups (P＞0.05).Eight days after vertebroplasty,the differences in Barthel score,Braden score and the risk rating of deep venous thrombosis between the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05),although the difference in VAS score between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion In treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture by using high-viscosity bone cement injection,postoperative early ambulation can effectively improve the patient's daily activities,reduce the risk of the formation of pressure skin ulcer and deep vein thrombosis,thus,reduce the nursing workload for both nurses and patient's family members.(J Intervent Radiol,2017,26:749-752).

As the first line of defense, innate immunity plays an important role in the defense of pathogens.ILC2s, a subset of innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)which is an important effector cell in the innate immune system, can produce a large number of type 2 cytokines and some tissue growth factors.ILC2s widely exist in various tissues of the body, of which lung mucosa is the main habitat.ILC2s are involved in lung development and may also be involved in lung injury and tissue repair induced by various factors.Further study of ILC2s will provide new insights into the mechanism of lung development and lung injury.

Objective To study the effect of multi-functional mask care in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 140 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who underwent treatment in our hospital were divided into control group and study group according to random number table method,with 70 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were given double-hole nasal oxygen therapy and routine nursing,and the patients in the study group were given multifunctional mask care and targeted care.Symptoms of initial remission time,total examination time,length of stay and the blood gas,respiratory function changes before and after nursing were compared.Results The initial remission time,total examination time and hospital stay were lower in the study group than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of p (02) in the two groups were higher than nursing before,and the study group was lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05);The levels of p(CO2) in the two groups were lower than nursing before,and the study group was lower than the control group,and levels of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were higher than nursing before,and the study group was higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Multifunctional mask care can effectively shorten the recovery time of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure,speed up the relief of clinical symptoms,regulate blood gas indicators,improve lung function in patients,so it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To study the effect of multi-functional mask care in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 140 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who underwent treatment in our hospital were divided into control group and study group according to random number table method,with 70 cases in each group.The patients in the control group were given double-hole nasal oxygen therapy and routine nursing,and the patients in the study group were given multifunctional mask care and targeted care.Symptoms of initial remission time,total examination time,length of stay and the blood gas,respiratory function changes before and after nursing were compared.Results The initial remission time,total examination time and hospital stay were lower in the study group than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of p (02) in the two groups were higher than nursing before,and the study group was lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05);The levels of p(CO2) in the two groups were lower than nursing before,and the study group was lower than the control group,and levels of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were higher than nursing before,and the study group was higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Multifunctional mask care can effectively shorten the recovery time of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure,speed up the relief of clinical symptoms,regulate blood gas indicators,improve lung function in patients,so it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Changes in body weight and body composition of breast cancer patients during treatment and rehabilitation have a certain relationship with their prognosis, so the weight management of patients should be paid attention by medical and nursing staff. This article reviews the changes of body weight and body composition in breast cancer patients, related factors and their impact on patients, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice and research.