In this paper, the lethal effect on Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium by ozone was studied. The mortality rate against the time of the treatment of ozone and the variation of ozone concentration was measured. The changes of cell form were also observed. The Experiment results indicate that fungi could be destroyed completely by ozone and the mortality rate obviously increase with the prolonging of treatment time. When ozone was absorbed by KI,the mortality rate declines.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy offers an intrinsic advantage over conventional transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy because of the potentially lower risk for early and late donor intraperitoneal complications. Herein we presented our experience performing retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy in 105 donors. All donor nephrectomy was successful. There were no donor deaths and no conversion to open surgery. Mean operation time was 112 min (range, 70-200 min). Intraoperative blood loss was 10-150 mL with an average of 30 mL. Warm ischemia time was 1.3 to 6 min with an average of 3.1 min. Postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in only one case and there were no other surgical complications. Donors were discharged from the hospital 5 to 10 days postoperation. Average postoperative hospital stay was 6.4 days. One graft was removed due to acute rejection. Delayed graft function occurred in two recipients but renal function returned to normal within four weeks. The other recipients had normal renal function in two weeks except three recipients in four weeks. We believe that retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is safe, reliable, and less invasive.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy offers an intrinsic advantage over conventional transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy because of the potentially lower risk for early and late donor intraperitoneal complications.Herein we presented our experience performing retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy in 105 donors.All donor nephrectomy was successful.There were no donor deaths and no conversion to open surgery.Mean operation time was 112 min (range,70—200 min).Intraoperative blood loss was 10—150 mL with an average of 30 mL.Warm ischemia time was 1.3 to 6 min with an average of 3.1 min.Postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in only one case and there were no other surgical complications.Donors were discharged from the hospital 5 to 10 days postoperation.Average postoperative hospital stay was 6.4 days.One graft was removed due to acute rejection.Delayed graft function occurred in two recipients but renal function returned to normal within four weeks.The other recipients had normal renal function in two weeks except three recipients in four weeks.We believe that retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is safe,reliable,and less invasive.

Objective:To compare the outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in the treatment of tumors in isolated kidney, and analyze the factors influencing postoperative renal function and long-term survival in patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 67 patients with tumors in isolated kidney who underwent surgery at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from November 2010 to January 2022. There were 48 males and 19 females, with an average age of (58.6±10.1) years old. The patients were divided into RAPN group (43 cases) and LPN group (24 cases) based on the surgical approach. The RAPN group had a higher R.E.N.A.L. score than the LPN group [(8.7±1.5) vs. (7.9±1.7), P=0.042]. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age [(57.4±10.2) years old vs. (60.9±9.8) years old, P=0.185], body mass index (BMI) [(25.7±3.5) kg/m 2 vs. (25.1±3.6) kg/m 2, P=0.518], and preoperative serum creatinine [(102.9±31.6) μmol/L vs. (102.3±22.4) μmol/L, P=0.930]. Twelve cases underwent hypothermic treatment during surgery, with 9 cases(20.9%) in the RAPN group and 3 cases(12.5%) in the LPN group( P=0.596). Surgical time, intraoperative warm ischemia time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative fasting time, perioperative complication rate, postoperative serum creatinine, and other indicators were compared between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting postoperative serum creatinine. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to analyze patient prognosis, and log-rank tests were performed to compare the differences between the two groups. Multiple Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing patient prognosis. Results:All surgeries were completed successfully with negative pathological margins. There were no statistically significant differences between the RAPN and LPN groups in terms of surgical time [(136.6±47.6) min vs. (125.3±34.4) min, P=0.311], intraoperative ischemia time [23.0 (16.0, 30.0) min vs. 19.0 (13.5, 27.5) min, P =0.260], intraoperative blood loss [50.0 (50.0, 100.0) ml vs. 50.0 (22.5, 100.0) ml, P=0.247], postoperative hospital stay [(6.6±3.5) days vs. (7.7±4.2) days, P=0.244], time to drain removal [4(3, 5) days vs. 5(3, 6) days, P =0.175], postoperative fasting time [(2.1±0.7) days vs. (2.2±1.0) days, P=0.729], perioperative complication rate [18.6% (8/43) vs. 16.7% (4/24), P=1.000], postoperative serum creatinine [145.2 (128.3, 191.3) μmol/L vs. 157.8 (136.2, 196.3) μmol/L, P =0.229], and pathological staging [T 1a/T 1b/T 2a/T 3a/T 4 stage: 32/7/1/3/0 case vs. 17/5/0/1/1 case, P=0.804]. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the total survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were 94.7%, 84.9%, and 84.9% for the RAPN group, and 100.0%, 95.5%, and 95.5% for the LPN group, with no statistically significant difference in the log-rank test ( P=0.116). Excluding 10 patients with preoperative tumor metastasis (7 in the RAPN group and 3 in the LPN group), the progression-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were 84.8%, 81.1%, and 81.1% for the RAPN group, and 100.0%, 95.0%, and 90.0% for the LPN group, with no statistically significant difference in the log-rank test ( P =0.142). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the use of hypothermic treatment during surgery significantly reduced postoperative serum creatinine ( B=-72.191, P=0.048). Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that BMI ( HR=0.743, P=0.044), pathological T stage ( HR=4.235, P=0.018), and preoperative metastasis ( HR=18.829, P=0.035) were independent factors affecting patient overall survival time. A smaller BMI, higher pathological stage, and preoperative metastasis were associated with poorer prognosis. Conclusions:Despite the higher R. E.N.A.L. score and greater surgical difficulty in the RAPN group, RAPN achieved similar perioperative and prognostic results as the LPN, indicating RAPN advantages in treating tumors in isolated kidney. Appropriate intraoperative hypothermic treatment can better protect postoperative renal function. BMI, pathological T stage, and preoperative metastasis are independent factors affecting overall survival time.

Objective To determine the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand，foot，and mouth disease （HFMD） in Pujiang County from 2008 through 2020， so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze HFMD cases retrieved in the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Pujiang County during 2008‒2020. Results From 2008 through 2020， a total of 9 393 cases were documented in Pujiang County， with an annual incidence of 182.3 per 100 000， showing a trend of alternating high-incidence and low-incidence years. The seasonal distribution was bimodal， and the incidence peaked in May-July and November-December. The incidence of HFMD in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas， and the incidence was positively correlated with population density. Majority of cases （94.9%） were children under 5 years old， of which boys had higher incidence than girls. The number of documented cases was the highest among preschool children living in families and kindergartens， accounting for 97.3%. Totally， 558 cases were laboratory confirmed in Pujiang County in 2008-2020， of which severe cases were all caused by EV71 infection. Conclusion Enterovirus serotypes in HFMD have continually changed from 2008 through 2020 in Pujiang County. However， severe HFMD remains principally attributable to EV71 infection， suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance on the etiology of HFMD. In addition， it warrants further promotion of EV71 vaccination.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, the widespread application of online teaching has brought challenges and opportunities for higher education. Developing an effective teaching system is the focus of curriculum teaching reform in the post pandemic era. According to the characteristics of Human and Animal Physiology, the course teachers has developed a new teaching system by updating the teaching concept, reconstructing the contents of the course, changing the teaching modes, strengthening the integration of moral and intellectual education, and improving the assessment approaches. This teaching system is aimed at meeting the need of personalized learning for students and adapting to a new teaching environment. This article introduces the exploration and practice of the curriculum reform.
Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Learning ; Pandemics ; Students

The study aims to use CRISPR/Cas9 introducing foreign gene targeted knock-in into chicken EAV-HP genome. First, specific primers were designed for amplification of EAV-HP left, right homologous arms and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression cassette. PCR products of homologous arms were ligated to both sides of eGFP by overlap extension PCR, resulting in full-length donor DNA fragment designated as LER. Then LER fragments were cloned into pMD19-T to obtain donor vector pMDT-LER. Subsequently, the donor vector pMDT-LER was transfected into HEK293T cells to verify the expression of eGFP gene. Furthermore, co-transfection of CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector and pMDT-LER into chicken DF-1 cells was performed to achieve eGFP transgenic cells. Meanwhile, eGFP expression was observed in cells, and the event of eGFP integration into EAV-HP genome was detectable by amplification of target DNA. Finally, the transgenic DF-1 cells were passaged seven times, and the stable integration and expression of eGFP was checked by PCR and Western blotting. These results demonstrated that eGFP gene was knocked into the EAV-HP genome successfully, which provides a new integration site for research of transgenic chicken.
Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Chickens ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Genome ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans

目的：探讨成纤维细胞生长因子 13（fibroblast growth factor 13，FGF13）对非小细胞肺癌 A549 细胞活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）的生成和凋亡的影响及其调控机制。方法：WB 法检测 FGF13 在人正常肺上皮细胞 BEAS-2B 和肺癌 A549、H460 细胞中的本底表达量。采用 FGF13 过表达载体转染 BEAS-2B 和 A549 细胞；设计两组靶向 FGF13 的 shRNA 序 列，构建慢病毒干扰载体，包装病毒后侵染 A549 细胞，采用 qPCR 和 WB 法检测干扰效果，DCFH-DA 探针结合荧光酶标仪分 析敲减 FGF13 对 A549 细胞内 ROS 水平的影响，MitoSOX 与 WB 法检测对线粒体 ROS 水平及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧 化酶 4（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4，NOX4）蛋白表达量的影响，Annexin V-FITC-PI 双染法检测对细胞 凋亡和 Caspase-3 及 Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达的影响。结果：与 BEAS-2B 细胞相比，FGF13 蛋白在两种肺癌细胞中均高表 达（均 P<0.05）。成功构建 FGF13 过表达、低表达的 A549 细胞系。过表达 FGF13 后，BEAS-2B 和 A549 细胞内 ROS 水平显著 降低（P<0.05）；敲减 FGF13 表达后，A549 细胞内 ROS 水平显著升高（P<0.05）；然而过表达及干扰 FGF13 对 A549 细胞内线粒 体 ROS 水平无显著影响，但 NOX4 蛋白表达量显著下调（P<0.05）及显著上调（P<0.05）。FGF13 干扰后 A549 细胞凋亡率显著 升高（P<0.01），Caspase-3 及 Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。结论：FGF13 可能通过 NOX 家族途径调控 ROS 的生成，并通过 ROS/Caspase-3 通路调控 A549 细胞凋亡。