Objective To analyse the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT)for hepatic carcinomas.Methods 81 patients with advanced hepatic carcinoma were treated at every turn of 200-400 cGy to a total dose of 4800-5500 cGy.Average-dose was 4580 cGy.Following up time was 225 monthes.Recent effect was evaluated according to WHO tumor evaluation standard.Results 81 patients accomplished the treatment.The local response rate was 82.7 ％(67/81)after treatment with 21 cases CR,46 cases PR.The 1,2 year overall survival rates were 43 ％,26 ％.In the multivariate analysis,the recent effect,the total dose,metastasis,clinical staging,the diameter of the tumors and Child grade presages had statistical significance for overall survival(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 3D-CRT is preferable therapeutic action for primary hepatic carcinomas and can prolong the survival term.

Objective To investigate serum nesfatin-1 levels in type 2 diabetes (T2DM)patients with or without nonalcohol-ic fatty liver(NAFLD).Methods The hight,weight,serum GLU,lipid profiles,INS,HbA1c,ALT,nesfatin-1 levels were measured in 21 1 T2DM patients[98 without NAFLD(TD2M without NAFLD group)and 1 13 with NAFLD(TD2M with NAFLD group)] and 75 normal subjects(NGT group).BMI、HOMA-IR were also calculated.Results The serum nesfatin-1 level was significantly higher in T2DM group than those in NGT group(P <0.05),and T2DM with NAFLD group had higher nesfatin-1 level than T2DM without NAFLD group (P < 0.05 ).There was a close relation between nefastin-1 of T2DM group and course of disease (r=-0.447,P <0.05).NAFLD existed a significant correlation with BMI、TG and nesfatin-1 (P <0.05).Conclusion nesfatin-1 may partially contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and NAFLD.

Augmented reality technology has great clinical application potential in functional rehabilitation of human hand. The principle,structure and difficulties of augmented reality technology application in functional rehabilitation of human hand were analyzed. 8 typical systems were introduced and discussed, based on which the advantages and disadvantages of these systems were compared. Finally, the relevant developing tendency and prospect in future was predicated.

This study was aimed to collect relevant provisions of bulging disease medical records in the Ming and Qing dynasties to excavate the syndrome differentiation, drug law and medication frequency analysis. A database was established to analyze relevant provisions. The results showed that the syndromes of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, dampness-heat accumulation, spleen-yang deficiency are the most common type. The mainly used drugs are from the category to eliminate dampness and water, and to tonify the deficiency. The top three used drugs are poria, atractylodes, and dried citrus peel. It was concluded that medications used in the Ming and Qing dynasties were mainly targeted to the disordered zangfu-organ, which was mainly about the spleen and the stomach. The syn-drome differentiation is the mixture of deficiency and excess. And deficiency is the main part. The medication should combine tonification and reducing. And tonification should be paid attention to. The syndrome differentiation and treatment should be coordinated and the primary and secondary aspect should be identified. These rules provide ref-erence effect for the clinical practice and scientific research of bulging disease treatment.

Objective To compare the effects of Ephedrine and combined with small dose cisatracurium treatments on the onset time of cisatracurium and hemodynamics in elderly patients.Methods Sixty cases of elderly patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups:E group (ephedrine pretreatment),P group (cisatracurium primin),PE group (cisatracurium priming and ephedrine pretreatment) and C group(control),and each group of 15 cases.Cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg were given in P group and PE group,and then ephedrine 70 μg/kg were given in PE group and E group.Anesthesia was induced with target controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 3-5 pg/ml),fentanyl 3-4 pg/kg.Cisatracurium 0.015 mg/kg were given in E group and C group,and P group and PE group dose intravenous cannula remaining.Tracheal intubation was performed when the twitch height depressed to 0.Results The Onset time of PE,C,E and P group were (164±28) s,(306±61) s,(187±31) s and (193±40) s and there were significant differences(F=33.990,P＜0.01).The onset time of PE group was shorter than that in C,E,P group,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05).Systolic pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels in four groups after induction were lower than those before induction (F =35.783,30.015,P =0.000).SBP,diastolic blood pressure (DBP),MAP in PE group and E group were significant higher than those in C group(P＜0.05).After inductions,heart rate(HR) in PE group was significant different form that in C group(P ＜0.05),and HR of C group was significantly decrease than before inductions(P＜0.05).After inductions,the cases with DBP were 11 patients(73.3％) in C group,10 patients(66.7％) in P group:,5 patients(33.3％) in E group,and 4 patients (26.7％) in PE group,the different were significant (x2 =9.867,P ＜ 0.05).After intubation,cases with increase blood press were 3 patients (20.0％) in C group,5 patients(33.3％) in E group,and 4 patients(26.7％) in E group and PE group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ephedrine of 70 μg/kg can relief the circulatory depression and accelerate the onset time of cisatracurium in the elderly patients.Combined with cisatracurium priming can further shorten the onset time and be for elders.

Objective To introduce experience of using the new AO anterolateral distal tibia locking com-pression plate (LCP) for treatment of Pilon fractures. Methods Between February and August of 2009,8 closed Pi-lon fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The distal fibula was fixed with a one-third tubular plate or an recontruction plate via a straight incision posterior to the fibular crest. The distal tibia was approched by a straight incision over the ankle joint, and the fracture was stabilized using an anterolateral distal tibia LCP. Regular follow up was made to observe and evaluate the preliminary clinical outcomes. Results Seven of the 8 patients were availabe for follow up for 3 ～ 6 months (average 4.5 months). All incisions obtained primary healing, though one ex-perienced mild superficial inflammation,and none developed deep infections. Based on the Burwell and Charnley radi-ographic criteria,anatomical reduction was obtained in 5 cases,good in 1 ,and fair in 1. Among the 5 cases exceeding 5 months postsurgery,4 were evaluated as excellent and 1 us good according to Tometta' s clinically based criteria for Pilon fractures. Conclusion With good surgical timing,internal fixation with anterolateral LCP for Pilon fractures is reliable and warrants less complications.

Objective To observe the efficacy and adverse effects of conventionally fractionated (CF) versus hypofractionated (HF) three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 65 patients with HCC suitable for 3DCRT from 2008 to 2012.These patients were randomly divided into HF group (n =32) and CF group (n =32).The HF group received 3DCRT at a total dose of 45-55 Gy (3-4 Gy/fraction,3-5 fractions/week),while the CF group at a total dose of 40-56 Gy (2 Gy/fraction,5 fractions/week).Results The follow-up rate was 100％.For the HF group and CF group,the short-term response rates were 72％ vs.55％ (P =0.034),the 1-year local control rates were 72％ vs.55％ (P=0.034),the 1-year overall survival rates were 59％ vs.45％ (P=0.042),and the numbers of individuals with grade 1-2 acute gastrointestinal reactions,deterioration of liver function,and radiation hepatitis were 14 vs.11,8 vs.8,and 1 vs.0,respectively (P =0.237).Conclusions HF 3DCRT is superior to CF 3DCRT in the treatment of HCC.

A total of 1507 children aged 7 ～ 12 years in Qinhuangdao were incruited to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different obesity indices in screening hypertension.Blood pressure and obesity indices were positively correlated(P＜0.01).Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.744 ～ 0.835 in boys and 0.704 ～ 0.796 in girls (P＜0.01).Obesity indices could be used as parameters for detecting hypertension in children.

Computed Tomography(CT) is one of the successful methods, in which mathematical theories are combined with engineering technology. Volume CT will replace the cross-sectional CT that has been widely used. In this paper two new cone vertex orbits, which are circle-and-arc and regular triangular pyramid lines, have been proposed and their complete conditions for exact reconstruction have been obtained. After having studied circle-and-n-line cone vertex orbit which is one of the important orbits in volume CT, we have given a better proof about the complete condition in circle-and-line and circle-and-2-line cone vertex orbit and have obtained some proper conclusions. Finally, we extend the above results to circle-and-n-line vertex orbit. These results will be useful for the design of direct volume imaging.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Computer Simulation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To study the therapeutic and toxic effects of 32 P-chromic phosphate-poly (L-lactic) acid (32p-CP-PLLA) microparticle intratumoral administration into BALB/c nude mice bearing BxPc-3 human pancreatic carcinoma.Methods Twenty four nude mice bearing tumors were injected with 0,9.3,18.5 and 37.0 M Bq 32p-CP-PLLA microparticle,respectively.The relative tumor growth rates were observed every day,and white blood cells,platelets and body weight were measured.At 14 d after administration,the tumors were removed,histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed.Results The relative tumor growth rates of each treatment group was lower than 40％.Histological examination showed the degenerative necrosis at the site nearby the mircoparticle.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the Microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of Bcl-2 in treated group were lower than those in control group.In contrast,the expression of bax in treated group were higher than those in control group.The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein significantly decreased in the treatment group,which were 3.83 ± 0.43,0.47 ± 0.13,1.10 ± 0.32,2.19 ± 0.57 for 0,9.3,18.5 and 37.0 MBq 32 P-CP-PLLA microparticle,respectively ( t =2.36 - 2.77,P ＜ 0.05).MVD were 31.2 ± 2.3,23.8 ± 1.5,14.8 ±0.8,11.0 ± 1.2,respectively.Dose dependence was observed in both HE and IHC staining after 14 d treatment ( t =2.30 - 2.57,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Intratumoral injection of 32p-CP-PLLA microparticle might be a safe,easy and effective radionuclide interventional therapy for pancreatic carcinoma.