OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for implementation of national essential drug system in China.METHODS:The roles of licensed pharmacists were analyzed as well as existed problems.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The licensed pharmacist participates in all aspects of implementation,such as selection,production,circulation and appliance,etc.and takes important place in process of essential drug system.Essential drug system is carried out in ways of legislation for licensed pharmacist,classified drug control system and classified registering for licensed pharmacist.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for standardization of bidding and purchase system of essential drugs. METHODS: According to the consideration and exploration of the problems of Essential Durg System, methods and measures for the setting of final bidding price of essential drugs were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The final bidding price should be based on the price of consumer acceptance. It should adhere to combination of government regulation with market regulation. Terminal retail price is the major foundation of the setting of final bidding price of essential drugs. Quality classification should be considered and public hearings about final bidding price of essential drugs should be performed in order to guarantee the effectiveness and safety of essential drugs and reasonable price of it.

OBJECTIVE:To guarantee drug quality in drug storeroom and drugstore and to ensure safe and effective drug use.METHODS:The drugs were maintained in a "3-3-4" method in which the drugs were stored in 3 divided areas in a proportion of 30%,30%,40% of the total stock amount.The drugs were examined in every 3 months i.e.4 cycles of examination a year.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The "3-3-4" drug maintenance examination method is scientific,reasonable,economical,effective and convenient,and it deserves to be popularized among pharmaceutical enterprises.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting the proportionnal use of antibiotics essential medicines in primary medical and health institutions. METHODS:Retrospective survey and statistics were conducted for the species proportion,prescrip-tion proportion,use cases and DDDs of antibiotics essential medicines before and after the intervention(data in 2012 was used for before intervention,data in 2013 and 2014 was used for after intervention)of pharmaceutical care to total essential medicines in a primary medical and health institution from 2012 to 2014,and the irproportionnal use was analyzed. RESULTS:The species propor-tion of antibiotics essential medicines was increased from 67.74%in 2012 to 90.91%in 2014,the difference was statistically signif-icant;the prescription proportion was increased from 57.42% in 2012 to 77.00% in 2013 and 91.18% in 2014,there were signifi-cant differences between the adjacent years(P<0.05);the top 10 use cases proportion and DDDs of antibiotics were completely oc-cupied by essential medicines in 2014;irproportionnal prescription proportion of antibiotics essential medicines was decreased from 24.96% in 2012 to 8.01% in 2014,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the main problem was the proportion of unreasonable combination prescriptions was greatly decreased. CONCLUSIONS:Pharmaceutical care intervention has positive ef-fect on the allocation and clinical application of antibiotics essential medicines,and can promote its prior and proportionnal use.

Objective To investigate the causes and treatment of lymphatic fistulas(LF) after radical operation of gastric cancer . Methods We observed the clinical data of 31 cases of lymphatic fistulas after the radical operation of gastric cancer , including the amount of drainage from the abdominal cavity, the levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin, post operative morbidity and the survival rate. Meanwhile, the difference in the amount of abdominal drainage before and after using octreitide was observed in LF patients. Results The rate of complications in the LF group was significantly higher than that in the non LF group(control group) (P

Objective To investigate the course of the idiopathic macular hole (IMH) clinically diagnosed as at stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and analyze the relationship between the posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and the course of IMH. Methods Hadn′t undergone any operation, periodical OCT were performed on 72 eyes of 58 patients with IMH at stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ confirmed by Gass standard and the features of OCT images. Results The longest follow-up period was 43 months (average 13.4 months), and the examine times of OCT on each eye were between twice to 10 times (average 4.7 times). During the follow-up period, 23 eyes were in stage I in which 9 (39.1%) developed to stage II and 2 had recovered normal curve of fovea after PVD; 19 were in stage II in which 13 (68.4%) developed to Ⅲ-Ⅳ and 1 had closed hole after PVD; 11 were in stage III in which 5 (45.5%) developed to stage IV and 1 had partly closed hole 12 months later. The images of OCT showed that the process of macular hole was consistent with the course that vitreous depart from retina from the circumference of fovea till entire posterior detachment.Fifteen affected eyes in this series of patients had undcrygong surgical treatment due to serious progression of IMH in follow-up period. Conclusions There is a close relationship between the formation and development of macular hole and the occurrence of PVD. OCT can show the progress of the macular hole directly and offer an important technique in diagnosis, classification and surgical treatment of IMH.

Objective Conduct safety assessments of the established human skin fibroblast line. Methods A series of safety assessments were performed including cell morphology,chromosome karyotyping,soft-agar test,nude mice carcinogenic test,endotoxin test,mycoplasma determination,detection of viral agent,bacteria,fungi sterile tests and abnormal toxicity test.Results No abnormal changes were observed.Conclusion The fibroblast obtained from skin is a kind of safety and reliable target cell for gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and the diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A total of 169 eyes with DME which were diagnosed by funduscopy,fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were retrospectively analysed. PVD and partial PVD were detected by OCT and biomicroscopy. The characterizations of OCT images of DME were analysed. Results In 169 eyes, 156 (92.3%) had no PVD with the average thickness of fovea of 297 ?m; 11 (6.5%) had complete PVD with the average thickness of fovea of 229 ?m; 2 (1.2%) had partial PVD with the average thickness of fovea of 347 ?m. Conclusions Only a few PVD were found in DME eyes, so traction of PVD may not be the main cause of DME.

Child ; Hodgkin Disease ; therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of auricular point sticking before operation for postoperative complications of external excision and internal ligation on mixed hemorrhoid.

METHODSEighty patients with mixed hemorrhoid were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. In the control group, paracetamol and dihydrocodeine tartrate tablets were applied with oral administration 1 h after operation, 510 mg each time, twice a day; at the same time, diosmin tablets were treated with oral administration, 0.9 g each time, twice a day. Three days' treatments were required successively. In the observation group, auricular point sticking was used before operation based on the treatment in the control group. The auricular points of Shen (Co10), Pangguang (CO9), Shenmen (TF4), Pizhixia (AT4), Jiaogan (AH6a) and Gangmen (HX5) were selected. The patients were asked to press the points 3-6 times per day, 3-5 min each time, 3 days' treatment in total. The scores of the postoperative complications in the 1st and the 2nd days were compared between the two groups such as pain, edema, hematochezia, retention of urine, etc.

RESULTSAfter operation, the scores of pain, edema, hematochezia, retention of urine in the 2nd day were all decreased obviously than those in the 1st day in the two groups (all P<0.05); and the scores of pain, edema, hematochezia, retention of urine in the 1st and the 2nd days of the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAuricular point sticking before operation combined with conventional western medicine with oral administration for preventing and treating postoperative complications of external excision and internal ligation on mixed hemorrhoid achieves positive and reliable efficacy.

Acetaminophen ; administration & dosage ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Codeine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhoids ; surgery ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; therapy