BACKGROUND:Prosthetic appliance is often adopted for clinical maxilary repair, which can maintain swalowing and language function in patients with a certain extent, but if the defect is too large, the prosthesis has a poor fixed effect that is prone to inducing various adverse consequences. OBJECTIVE:To explore the maintenance effect of titanium mesh combined with forearm free flap on swalowing and language function in patients with maxilary defects. METHODS:A total of 35 patients with maxilary defects, 19 males and 16 females, aged 33-93 years, were enroled. Among them, 17 patients underwent maxilectomy and wound packing with iodoform gauzes, and then after 1 year, these patients were given prosthesis repair as control group; another 18 patients were subjected to titanium mesh combined with forearm free flap for repair of maxilary defects as observation group. Al the patients were folowed up for 24 months, and the swalowing and language functions were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 24 months after repair, al the patients were satisfied with facial appearance, and there were no adverse reactions related to repair materials. Scores on swalowing function, language function, pain fucntion, face function, motor function, entertainment function, masticatory function and oral health were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05), and the score on the shoulder dysfunction was lower in the observation than the control group, indicating the patients in the observation group had a higher quality of life than those in the control group. These findings indicate that titanium mesh combine with forearm free flap for maxilary defect repair can be better to maintain the swalowing and language function of patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of asubunit isforms of Na,K-ATPase in stria vascularis of guinea pig, and the effect of gentamicin on it. MethodsThe expression of a subunit isoforms of Na, K-ATPase in stria vascualris of guinea pig and its change after gentamicin exposure were identified immunocytochemically using the specific mouse antibodies a gainst the α1 ,α2 and α3 subunits of rat Na,K-ATPase. ResultsAll marginal cells,intermediate cells and basal cells of stria vas cualris showed positive expression of α1 isoform and negative expression of α2 and α3 isoforms. The immunostaining of α1 isform was attenuated significantly after gentamicin esposture. ConclusionGentamicin significantly inhibits the expression of Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit isoform of the stria vascularis, sequentially inhibits the activity of Na,K-ATPase.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α may mediate mammalian cells to adapt hypoxia environment.OBJECTIVE: To observe high altitude hypoxia on the ultrastructure of the lung tissue of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent high altitude hypoxia intervention for 1, 2, 3 and 30 days. Control group was set. Four high altitude hypoxia groups consisted of Golmud, Qinghai at the altitude of 2 700 m from 5-m above sea level of Xi'an consuming 1 day, Tanggula region at 5 000 m above sea level consuming 2 days, and Tibet Nagqu at 4 500 m above sea level consuming 3 and 30 days, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Light and electron microscopy showed that acute high altitude hypoxia 2 day group presented apparent high altitude pulmonary edema, while the 30 day group of acute high altitude hypoxia of high altitude pulmonary edema was significantly reduced, but hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression increase in lung tissues after hypoxic acclimatization can help ameliorate high altitude pulmonary edema.

Objective To investigate the cellular localization of the neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated isoforms(Nedd4), Nedd4- 1/2 and Nedd4- 2, and the serum glucocorticoid- inducible kinasel(SGK1) in various subregions of the rat cochlea. Methods The expression patterns of Nedd4-1/2, Nedd42 and SGK1 in the cochlea of rat were studied by immunohistochemistry with the specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies against the rat Nedd4-1/2, Nedd4-2 and SGK1. Results All three proteins were extensively expressed in various regions of the rat cochlea. They were found in the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, organ of Corti, spiral limbus, spiral ganglion and Reissner's membrane. Conclusion Our findings suggest that there exists a Na+ transport system in the cochlea consisting of SGK1, Nedd4 isoforms and ENaC, which may work in concert to transport Na+ and to maintain homeostasis in the inner ear as they do in other tight epithelia.

p73, a first p53 relative, has recently been identified as a new structural and functional homologue of the transcription factor p53. However, it is unclear whether this protein functions as a tumor suppressor. p73L, a second human p53-related gene, which shows strong amino-acid similarity to p73. In this article, we shall discuss the cloning, location, expression and functions of these two new candidate tumor suppressor genes and look forward to the future study.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of extraction centipede extraction (CE) on grafting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in nude mice.Methods We set up model of Bel-7404 cells heterotopic grafting HCC in nude mice,and observed the tumor growth and metastasis after intragastric administration of CE (treatment group).Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein(XIAP),bax gene,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) in tumor tissue.Results There was distinctive inhibitive effect of CE on in Bel-7404 cells heterotopic grafting HCC in nude mice.The staining cells population,staining intensity and the optical density(OD)of XIAP,VEGF and Ang-2 in the control group were higher than those in treatment group,but those of BAX were lower than that in treatment group,and there was significant difference between the 2 groups(P

Objective To investigate the distribution and its significance of ? subunit isoforms of Na,K-ATPase in the inner ear of guinea pig.Methods The expression of ? subunit isoforms of Na,K-ATPase in labyrinth was studied immunocytochemically with the specific mouse antibodies against the ? 1?? 2 and ? 3 subunits of rat Na,K-ATPase.Results The expression of Na,K-ATPase ? subunit isoforms varied among different cell regions of the inner ear. The ? 1 subunit isoform was widely distributed in almost all regions, and was most abundant in the stria vascularis, sensory cells of the crista ampullaris and macula of the saccule, and the spiral ganglion cells, while the ? 2 and ? 3 subunit isoforms were present primarily in the spiral ganglion cells,the organ of Corti and stria vascularis.Conclusion The differential expression of Na,K-ATPase subunit isoforms presumably reflects different K + and Na + transport capacities among inner ear cells which, working in concert, serve to maintain homeostasis in inner ear.

Objective To investigate the cellular localization of aquaporins(AQPs) and its significance in various subregions of the cochlea and endolymphatic sac of guinea pig.Methods Adult guinea pigs were used and the expression patterns of AQP1,2,3 and 4 in the cochlea and endolymphatic sac were studied immunocytochemically. Paraffin- embedded sections were labeled with the specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies against the rat AQP1, 2, 3, and 4.Results In the cochlea, AQP1, 3, 4 were widely distributed in various subregions including the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, organ of Corti and spiral ganglion in the similar patterns except that AQP3 in the stria vascularis was weaker than AQP1 and AQP4. AQP2 was labeled only in the Reissner's membrane. In the endolymphatic sac, AQP1, AQP3 and AQP4 were strongly expressed in the epithelial cells and subepithelial cells with the exception that AQP3 was a little weaker than AQP1 and AQP4. No AQP2 immunoreactivity was detected in the endolymphatic sac.Conclusion Our immunohistochemical results suggest that different members of AQPs family in labyrinth may work in concert to regulate endolymph and to maintain homeostasis in the inner ear.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of combined oral and intratympanic glucocorticoids treatment for severe to profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL).METHODSFifty-four patients with severe to profound SSNHL were retrospectively studied. They were treated with oral steroids, vasodilators, anticoagulants. The patients who accepted intratympanic methylprednisolone sodium succinate were included the therapy group, the others were included in the control group. Hearing improvements were analyzed respectively after two weeks.RESULTSHearing in both groups were improved significantly after treatment(P<0.01), but there was no difference in hearing improvements between two groups(P=0.194). The efficacy for severe SSNHL patients in therapy group was equal to those who were in control group (P=0.251), so was the efficacy for profound SSNHL patients in both groups(P=0.380).CONCLUSIONThe combined systemic and intratympanic glucocorticoids treatment was effective for patients with severe to profound SSNHL, but while with no better efficacy than oral glucocorticoid alone.

For the need of lymphovenous anastomosis in microsurgery, the following investigations were carried out: the anatomy of the superficial lymphatic system of the limbs (by direct injection method on 40 cadaverous specimens); mimic surgical incisions (on 2 specimens) and the criteria of searching and differentiating the small lymph channels from the small blood vessels and nerves (on 29 cases of limb operations).1. The limb superficial lymph vessels are arranged in two layers, those in the superficial layer are smaller in size but large in number than that in the deeper layer. The large collecting lymph vessels run alongside the chief superficial vein.2. The location, course, number and diameter of the superficial lymph vessels were studied.3. The morphological criteria of differentiating the small lymph vessels from the minute blood vessels and nerves under surgical microscope were suggested.4. The relationships between the distribution of the lymphatic valves and the site of surgical approach were discussed. The valves were found onlyat the distal portion of the "lymph-pearl" and the proximal part of the "pearl" will be the suitable site for surgical incision.