Based on the formation of the evaluation, we conducted the reform of occupational health and occupational medicine teaching. The contents of the reform include the training of teachers, reintegrat-ing the practice contents, adopting the diversified teaching methods, and strengthening the network curricula and examination question bank construction, etc. And a formative evaluation index system was constructed, including the usual performance, experimental operation, occupational health survey, re-search design, PBL teaching, teaching effectiveness, self and mutual evaluation, a total of 7 first level evaluation indicators and 17 second level evaluation index. Finally, through the self-made questionnaire, the students in the experi-mental class of teaching reform were investigated, and the overall satisfaction rate was 91.9%.

AIM　To analyze the hydrolyzable tannins chebulinic acid (I) and chebulagic acid(II) in Fructus Chebulae and its confusion varieties by using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. METHODS　Using a capillary (375 μm OD×50 μm ID; 81.5 cm×61.5 cm) and a power supply set at 24 kV, with phosphate-borate buffer containing 20 mmol*L-1 Na2HPO4-60 mmol*L-1 boric acid and a UV detector at 280 nm, sample solution was loaded in decompression mode at the positive end of the capillary, the loading time was 5 s. RESULTS　The linear ranges of I and II were 0.0842-0.842 and 0.0940-0.940 mg*mL-1 respectively, the correlation coefficient were 0.9966 and 0.9957, the average recoveries were 95.6% (RSD=4.0%, n=5) and 95.0% (RSD=4.4%, n=5), the RSDs (n=5) of measurement precision test were 2.2% and 1.7%, the RSDs (n=6) of reproduction test were 5.4% and 4.0% respectively. The contents of I and II were obviously interrelated with the variety and characteristics of Fructus Chebulae, the contents of I and II in the confusion varieties of Fructus Chebulae were very low. CONCLUSION　It is suitable to use I and II as the criterion in quality evaluation of Fructus Chebulae, and the HPCE method is effective for quality evaluation of the crude Fructus Chebulae.

Object To study the chemical constituents with the antiviral effect from Yinqiaosan on influenza virus Methods Isolation of the constituents by different kinds of column chromatography and elucidation of their structures on the basis of chemical and spectral methods Results Four flavonoid glycosides were isolated and elucidated as 2′ O D apiofuranosyl (1→2) ? D glucopyranosyl] isoliquiritigenin, 4′ isoliquiritigenin, 4′ O D apiofuranosyl (1→2) ? D glucopyranosyl] isoliquiritigenin, 4 isoliquiritigenin, 4 O D apiofuranosyl (1→2) ? D glucopyranosyl] isoliquiritigenin and 4′ isoliquiritigenin and 4′ O D apiofuranosyl (1→2) ? D glucopyranosyl] liquiritigenin, respectively liquiritigenin, respectively Conclusion 2′ O D apiofuranosyl (1→2) ? D glucopyranosyl] isoliquiritigenin is a new naturally compound isoliquiritigenin is a new naturally compound

Totally, 102 general practitioners (GPs) from 40 community health-care service centers in a district of Beijing were investigated for their awareness of diagnosis, treatment and prevention for chronic hepatitis B and evaluating effectiveness of their training with self-designed questionnaire before and after professional training.Before training, higher awareness of knowledge about prevention for hepatitis B had been achieved in GPs, such as "hepatitis C is communicable" (78/102, 76.5% ), "hepatitis B can be prevented by protective antibody" ( 76/102, 74.5% ), whereas only 3.9% ( 4/102 ) of GPs knew indications of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, 4.9% (5/102) could describe complications of decompensated cirrhosis and 19.6% (20/102) knew methods for screening primary hepatocellular carcinoma.After training, their awareness increased significantly to 93.1% (95/102), 49.0% (50/102)and 86.3% (88/102), respectively (all P ＜0.01 ).Now, GPs' knowledge about diagnosis and treatment for hepatitis B is still insufficient at community health-care centers and professional training can improve their awareness.It is an important assurance for patients with chronic hepatitis B to be better managed in both of specialized hospitals and community health-care centers by enhancing professional training for GPs indiagnosis and treatment for hepatitis B.

Objective To verify the interaction between asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)and hepatitis B virus (HBV)preS1 protein in vivo and in vitro ,and identify ASGPR as a cell-surface receptor for HBV,which could elucidate the molecular mechanism of HBV infection.Methods The preS1-ASGPR interaction was examined in mammalian two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation system by strictly following the manufacturer’s instructions.Results ASGPR interacted specifically and directly with the preS1 domain of HBV in vivo and in vitro .Conclusion ASGPR may be a candidate receptor for HBV that mediates further step of HBV entry.

Objective To validate the antiviral effect of oxymatrine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the construction of the cell culture-based infectious virus system HCVcc.Methods An HCVcc system was established by infecting Huh7.5.1 cells with the J6 adapted virus (J6cc).Cells of the HCVcc system were then treated with different concentrations of oxymatrine for 24 h,48 h and 72 h,or left untreated (controls).MTT assay was used to detect effects on proliferation.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect effects on HCV mRNA expression level,and immunofluorescence was used to detect effects on HCV protein expression.Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation,and statistically assessed using one-way ANOVA and one-sample t-test.Results Treatment with 2,4,8 and 12 mg/mL of oxymatrine for 24 h inhibited proliferation of the J6cc-infected cells by 8.4％,15.2％,29.6％ and 48.6％ respectively,48 h treatment inhibited by 14.3％,25.7％,46.1％ and 66.4％ respectively,and 72 h treatment inhibited by 36.5％,46.6％,70.6％ and 85.4％ respectively.Thus,the effects of oxymatrine were time-and dose-dependent (P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression level in the oxymatrine-treated cells of the HCVcc system was 0.59 ± 0.12,which was significantly lower than that in the control cells (P ＜0.05).Moreover,as the oxymatrine concentration increased from 2 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL,the expression levels of HCV proteins also showed a decreasing trend.Conclusion We successfully constructed a J6cc infection HCVcc system and verified the antiviral effect of oxymatrine against HCV.

Objective To investigate the effects of glucocorticoid combined with spleen aminopeptide on immune function and pulmonary function in children with combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS).Methods A total of 166 cases of CARAS were divided into observation group (84 cases) and control group (82 cases),the patients in the control group were treated by nasal inhalation of Budesonide Aerosol,in addition to the treatment of control group the observation group was given spleen aminopeptide oral lyophilized powder for treatment,and two groups were treated continuously for 3 months.The effect of 2 groups of children,and the changes of immune and lung function before and after treatment were compared.Results Rhinitis and asthma were significantly reduced in two groups of children after treatment,and the reductions of the score of rhinitis symptoms and the asthma score in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The humoral immunity index (IgG,IgM and IgA) of the 2 groups increased significantly after treatment.CD3+,CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the cellular immune indexes increased significantly,and CD8+ decreased significantly.The immune indexes in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and maximal expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of the 2 groups increased significantly compared with those before treatment,and the degree of increase in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Glucocorticoid combined with spleen aminopeptide could not only improve the symptoms and signs of children with CARAS,but also significantly enhance cellular immunity,humoral immunity and pulmonary function.

Abstract: Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the migratory bird population with hypertension in Hainan and to provide a basis for the health management of the migratory bird population. Methods　One hundred and eighty migratory birds with hypertension who had lived in in the Mangrove Bay community of Chengmai, Hainan for 3 months or more were selected as the study population. Demographic data, including gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, medication use, family history of hypertension, hometown living environment, Hainan living environment (presence of water area and greenbelt around the residence, type of water area and greenbelt), smoking and alcohol consumption, and height and weight were collected by questionnaire and physical examination to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the study subjects, and unconditional dichotomous logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the reduction of blood pressure among the hypertensive migratory bird population before and after taking medication in Hainan. Results　A total of 180 study subjects were included, including 77 (42.8%) males and 103 (57.2%) females, with 78 (43.3%) subjects aged ≤65. The hypertension levels were: 87 (48.3%) had normal high blood pressure, 56 (31.1%) had grade 1 hypertension and 37 (20.6%) had grade 2 hypertension. The higher the blood pressure classification, the lower the percentage of migratory individuals whose blood pressure dropped during their stay in Hainan. Age, hypertension classification, dietary habits, living environment, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption were associated with a decrease in blood pressure during Hainan among the study participants who took hypertension medication regularly. Salty diet (OR=2.778, 95%CI:1.070-7.213, P=0.036) and alcohol consumption (OR=2.686, 95%CI:1.042-6.925, P=0.041) were unfavorable factors for lower diastolic blood pressure before taking medication; overweight (OR=3.487, 95%CI:1.306-9.310, P=0.013) was an unfavorable factor in the reduction of diastolic blood pressure after taking medication. Conclusion　The blood pressure reduction is more significant in migratory individuals in migratory individuals under 65 years old, with a light diet, no alcohol consumption and normal BMI. Environmental factors, age, dietary habits and lifestyle are the main causes of blood pressure, which can provide a reference basis for the health management of the migratory birds with hypertension in Hainan.

Objective:To investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on neutrophil hypoxia and pyroptosis through nucleotide binding of oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and to analyze the role of pyroptosis on respiratory tract inflammotion induced by ZnO-NPs.Methods:In October 2022, primary cultured neutrophils were obtained from the abdominal aortic blood of SPF adult healthy SD rats. The neutrophils were treated with ZnO-NPs solution (0, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml) at different concentrations, and hypoxia group (5% O 2) was set up. Hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleaved Caspase-1 were measured by Western blot. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant was measured by coloration, and the content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results:Compared with the control group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in hypoxia group and ZnO-NPs groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity and IL-1β content were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml ZnO-NPs groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content were decreased significantly ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hypoxia, ROS levels, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content between the 20 μg/ml ZnO-NPs group and the hypoxia group ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:ZnO-NPs treatment may activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce pyroptosis of neutrophils which may be related to ROS and hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on neutrophil hypoxia and pyroptosis through nucleotide binding of oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and to analyze the role of pyroptosis on respiratory tract inflammotion induced by ZnO-NPs.Methods:In October 2022, primary cultured neutrophils were obtained from the abdominal aortic blood of SPF adult healthy SD rats. The neutrophils were treated with ZnO-NPs solution (0, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml) at different concentrations, and hypoxia group (5% O 2) was set up. Hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleaved Caspase-1 were measured by Western blot. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant was measured by coloration, and the content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results:Compared with the control group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in hypoxia group and ZnO-NPs groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity and IL-1β content were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml ZnO-NPs groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content were decreased significantly ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hypoxia, ROS levels, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content between the 20 μg/ml ZnO-NPs group and the hypoxia group ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:ZnO-NPs treatment may activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce pyroptosis of neutrophils which may be related to ROS and hypoxia.