Articular cartilage as a load-bearing connective tissues may often be caused defects by trauma,sports, degenerative or age-related diseases. As articular cartilage has a limited inherent repair capacity, a large variety of treatment approaches including autologous chondrocyte transplantation, microfracture and mosaicplasty methods have been developed. However, there are limitations in these strategies especially when using autologous chondrcytes. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered the most promising seed cells in the study of tissue engineered cartilage. This review focuses on the induction of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in vitro and their application in cartilage repair.

Intravenous thrombolysis has been proved as an effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke.However,symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) occurred after thrombolysis will affect the recovery of patients,even endangers life when it is serious.Therefore,determining the risk factors for sICH after thrombolysis is helpful to select appropriate patients for thrombolytic therapy.The risk factors for slCH after thrombolysis include advanced age,male gender,obesity,higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,hypertension,diabetes or higher blood glucose,atrial fibrillation,delayed thrombolysis time,antiplatelet therapy,anticoagulation therapy,and leukoaraiosis.However,some of the risk factors still have conflicting reports.Further large sample clinical studies are needed to confirm them.

The molding of humanistic spirit in medical colleges and universities has a direct bearing on whether or not the cultivated medical students can establish fundamentally the mental idea of humanistic solicitude and orientation of value.This article expounds the importance and urgency of strengthening the molding of humanistic spirit in medical colleges and universities,and analyzes the current situations of construction of humanistic spirit in colleges and universities of our country at present,and investigates the ways and countermeasures of strengthening the molding of humanistic spirit in medical colleges and universities.

Objective To discuss the value of vertebral hemangiomas treated with the CT-guided pereutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).Methods Forty-two patients with 49 vertebral lesions were guided by CT and injected with bone cement percutaneous into the vertebral.The effectiveness was valued by preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS),locomotor activity scores,pain medication scores and comprehensive evaluation of long-term efficacy of WHO criteria,and undertook statistical analysis.Results The success rate in all patients was 100.0％(42/42),no serious complications.All the patients were followed up for 6 - 18 ( 12.50 ± 1.15 ) months,all lesions of the vertebral body imaging showed no tumor recurrence and vertebral collapse.The VAS scores decreased from preoperative (7.64 ± 1.29 ) scores to postoperative 1-3 days (4.82 ± 1.21 ) scores and to postoperative 3 -6 months (0.22 ±0.19) scores (P＜0.05).The locomotor activity scores decreased from preoperative (3.4 ± 0.9) scores to postoperative 1-3 days (2.1 ±0.6) scores and to postoperative 3-6 months (1.0 ±0.3) scores (P＜0.05).The pain medication scores decreased from preoperative ( 1.9 ± 0.6) scores to postoperative 1 - 3 days months ( 1.1 ± 0.2 ) scores and topostoperative 3-6 months (0.2 ± 0.1 ) scores (P ＜ 0.05 ).Comprehensive evaluation of long-term efficacy of WHO criteria:efficiency rate was 97.6％(41/42).Conclusions CT-guided percutaneous vertebroplasty for vertebral hemangioma can effectively relieve the pain caused by vertebral body to increase stability,improve motor function,which is a method with safe,minimally invasion,effect,and is superior than C-arm fluoroscopy.

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can cause reproductive barriers in breeding pigs and respiratory symptoms in piglets. In this review, we summarize research progress of the infection and replication mechanisms of the PRRSV. We also review the virulence determinants of the PRRSV. All these fundamental studies are important for the control and elimination of the PRRSV.
Animals ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ; virology ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Swine ; Virulence ; Virus Replication

Purpose:To explore the relationship between the expression of nm23mRNA,p16 and the oncogenesis,development and metastasis of lung cancer.Methods:Expressional level of nm23mRNA,p16 was detected in 72 human lung cancer samples and 23 normal tissues adjacent to cancer respectively,and their correlation with lymph node metastasis and the degree of cell differentiation was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods on tissue microarray.Results:The positive expression for nm23mRNA in cancer samples,in human tissues adjacent to cancer and in primary cancer with lymph node metastasis was 55.6%(40/72),82.6%(19/23),25.0%(6/24) respectively.The positive expression for p16 was 45.8%(33/72),73.9%(17/23),25.0%(6/24) respectively.The expression level of nm23mRNA and p16 were closely related to the degree of cell differentiation( P 0.05).Conclusions:These results suggest that nm23 gene and p16 gene are closely related to the degree of cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis of lung cancer.The lower expression level of nm23mRNA and p16 predicts the metastasis of lung cancer, and the two genes may be an index in monitoring the status and evaluating the prognosis of the lung cancer.

0.05).There are significant statistical differences in NIHSS(91.3% vs 71.3%)and BI(93.8% vs 75.0%)between two groups af- ter treatment(P0.05). Conclusion Multidisciplinary integrated treatment mode is an effective treat ment for stoke.

Autophagy is a process for the degradation of long half-life proteins and organelles via the lysosome system. A large body of evidence indicates that the autophagic phenomena exist in the progressive atherosclerotic plaques. Vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells treated with some stimulants that result in atherosclerosis formation in in vitro experiments, these cells show certain autophagic features, such as myelin-like structures, accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions in the cytoplasm, and extensive vacuolization. However, although the interests in research on autophagy are increasing, the exact role of autophagy in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy will provide a new idea for studying the mechanisms and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

As a major adhesion molecule of endothelial junction, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) plays a very important role for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. It regulates infiltration of vascular endothelia on contents in plasma such as eukocytes and lipid, as well as cellular proliferation and apoptosis. It plays an important role by involving in angiogenesis in the multiple links of the process of atherosclerosis, This article reviews the recent progress in research on the effects and mechanisms of VE-cadherin in the occurrence and developmaent of atherosclerosis in recent years.

Objective To investigate the localization coexpression in situ of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in human atherosclerotic unstable plaques with monocytes,smooth muscle cells(SMCs)and endothelial cells(ECs).Methods The histopathologic changes of unstable human atherosclerotic plaques were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,and the localization coexpression of MMP-2,MMP-8 and VEGF in the unstable human atherosclerotic plaques were observed by double fluorescent immunochemistry technology and confocal microscopy.Results The human atherosclerotic plaques in 6 cases had typical histopathologic instability,which was classified as super-Ⅳ type unstable plaques.The MMP-2 coexpression was the most obvious in the smooth muscle cells of fibrous cap infiltrated by monocyts,and in the monocytes of shoulder of plaques,and more expression of MMP-2 in the microvascular endothelial cells at the edge of shoulder and lipid necrosis;MMP-8 coexpressed obviously with the monocytes in the fibrous cap and lipid cores of plaques,and next to coexpressing in the smooth muscle cells of fibrous cap,while coexpression in endothelial cells was very little;VEGF coexpression was significant in the proliferative microvascular endothelial cells of plaques;The fibrous cap,which consisted of the smooth muscle cells mainly,and the edge of lipid necrosis infiltrated by more monocyts,were over-expression areas of VEGF.Conclnsions MMP-2,-8 and VEGF can coexpress with monocytes,SMCs and ECs in unstable plaques,and the major expression areas are in the fibrous cap,shoulder and micro-vessel at the edge of lipid necrosis,which are infiltrated by monocytes.Moreover,the outer membrane of vessel is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.