OBJECTIVE:To provide theoretical basis for pharmaceutical enterprises in their choice of suitable e-commerce application modes.METHODS:The options available for pharmaceutical enterprises in regard to e-commerce application modes were introduced and compared,and the influential factors that should be take into consideration in the selection for the pharmaceutical enterprises were studied as well through the method of factor analyses.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:A decision tree has been established for pharmaceutical enterprises in their selection of application modes of e-commerce.

Cytochrome P450(CYP450)is the most important family of enzymes in microsomal mixedfunction oxidase,widely distributed in vivo.CYP450 is involved in the metabolism of many exogenous compounds,the generation of endogenous substances,in particularly,affecting the occurrence and development of the tumors and their drug treatment,in the fields of medical and pharmaceutical research,cytochrome P450 has been very noticeable.

Antimicrobial resistance has been identified as one of the world′s most pressing public health threats.The number of antibiotic -resistant bacteria and the diversity of molecular mechanisms of resistance have in-creased sharply in recent years.The presence of antimicrobial resistance in children complicates patient management and arouses widespread concern.The use of antimicrobial agents is the single most important factor leading to the deve-lopment of resistance.New effective antimicrobial agents has been needed but has not kept pace.Antimicrobial -resis-tant infection can be prevented by immunization as well.Appropriate and judicious use of antimicrobial agents is the most important factors contributing to control resistance.Clinicians should collaborate well with microbiologist and know well about resistant bacteria and its proper antimicrobial drugs.A good application of antibiotic formulary restriction has the potential to decrease antimicrobial resistance.An antimicrobial resistance surveillance between regions and countries is urgently needed.It can help us to understand and slow antimicrobial resistance in the long run.

Objective To explore the correlation between chromosome fragile site in peripheral blood lymphocytes and proto-oncogene expression rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome preparation was made routinely.The cells were cultivated with low concentrations of calf serum and folic acid,higher pH medium and G-banding method.The fragile sites in 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(experimental group) and 18 healthy subjects(control group) were exactly located and analyzed.(Results The) fragile sites in experimental group were determined as 44 species mainly distributed on the chromosomes of A,B,C group.The expression rate of the fragite site in experimental group(9.90%) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.67%)(P

Objective To study the therapeutic effect and significance of Naloxane on the brain function in patients with acute organ phosphorus pesticide poisoning. Methods 106 patients with acute organ phosphorus pesti-cide poisoning were randomly allocated to two groups according to the hospitalized date, the NX group(n=54) and the normal group(n=52). The two groups received the same basic treatment and the dynamic monitor about the changes of the β-EP and MDA levels in each groups, and the NX group was given additional treatment with 0.8 mg Naloxone-intravenous injection every 20 minutes till consciousness recovering or symptoms improved. Results The time of recovering consciousness was (16.71±3.17)h in NX group and (20.84±3.25)h in control group. β-EP and MDA were higher than normal before treatment in all patients (P<0.01), and were significantly reduced after treatment in NX group (P<0.05), the control group had mild change after treatment. Conclusion Relating to the inhibition of oxygen free radicals, Naloxone can reduce time of recovering consciousness and can protect the injured brain of the patients with acute organ phosphorus pesticide poisoning.

Objective To assess the clinical significance of three different noninvasive airway inflammatory indices in induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate ( EBC ) from persistent asthmatic patients.Methods Moderate and severe asthmatic patients were prescribed inhaled corticosteroids combined with long-acting β2 agonists for a month.The symptom scores and percentage of predicted value of forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) ( FEV1% pred) were measured while the concentrations of H2O2,NO3-/NO2-,and cysteinyl-leukotriene E4(LTE4) in induced sputum and EBC were detected before and after therapy.Results A total of twenty-five subjects with moderate and severe asthma were enrolled.By combined therapy for one month the asthma aymptoms relieved and FEV1% pred improved significantly (P<0.01).The concentrations of H2O2,NO3-/NO2- arid LTE4in induced sputum and EBC declined significantly(P<0.01) although the concentrations were still higher than those at normal baseline.More marked reduction of H2O2 and NO3-/NO2- compared to LTE4was observed.It was revealed that the concentrations of H2O2 and NO3-/NO2- but not of LTE4in EBC were negatively correlated with FEV1% pred (P <0.01) and positively with symptom scores.Such correlations were also found in H2O2 in induced sputum with FEV1 % pred and symptom scores as well as NO3-/NO2- in induced sputum with FEV1 % pred.The improvement of FEV1 % pred after treatment was positively correlated with the reduction of H2O2 and NO3-/NO2- both in induced sputum and EBC.Correlation analysis also demonstrated three inflammatory indices were equivalent in induced sputum and EBC( correlation coefficient of H2O2,NO3-/NO2- and LTE4,0.759,0.826 and 0.653,respectively.P < 0.01 ).Conclusions (1) Combined therapy with inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting β2 agonist significantly improves the clinical symptoms and lung function of patients with moderate and severe asthma companied with marked suppression of airway inflammation.(2) Both of EBC and induced sputum sampling are valuable noninvasive procedures for detecting asthma airway inflammation,however,EBC technique is superior in safety and reproducibility.(3) H2O2 and NO3-/NO2- seem to be more sensitive indices in diagnosis and monitoring asthma compared to LTE4.

Objective To explore and evaluate the predictive value of the coagulopathy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods A retrospective study was carried out for investigating the prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),plasma fibrinogen (FIB),thrombin time (TT),plateslets (PLT),D-dimer in 385 patients with CAP and 146 patients without infection,tumor,trauma,thrombosis as controls.All the patients were admitted to the Respiratory Medical Department from June,2010 to May,2011.The results of the aforementioned biomarkers were analyzed and compared between two groups.The Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) was calculated to evaluate the correlation between coagulopathy and PSI.Results The comparisons of the abnormal rates of PLT,PT,APTT,Fib,D-dimer between the patients with CAP and the controls were 92/385 vs.9/146,39/385 vs.1/146,108/385 vs.7/ 146,331/385 vs.47/146,348/385 vs.5/146,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (x2 =21.608,13.557,33.747,149.280,365.619,respectively,P ＜ 0.01),while difference in TT was not statistically significant (8/385 and 0/146,x2 =1.839,P ＞ 0.05).The differences in abnormal rate of PLT,PT,D-dimer between high-risk group of CAP and the low-risk group of CAP were 45/148 vs.47/237,26/148 vs.13/237,146/148vs.202/237,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.602,14.609,23.442,respectively,P ＜0.05),while there were no differences in TT,APTT,FIB between two groups (6/148 vs.2/237,47/148 vs.61/237,123/148 vs.208/237,x2 =4.614,1.635,1.638,respectively,P ＞0.05).D-dimer in patients with CAP was (3.8 ±6.1) mg/L,compared with the controls (0.3 ±0.1) mg/L,and D-dimer in high-risk patients with CAP was (7.5 ±8.3) mg/L compared with the low-risk group (1.6 ±2.0) mg/L (P ＜ 0.001).Rank correlation existed between D-dimer and PSI (r =0.798,P ＜ 0.01),while there was no correlation between PLT and PSI (x2 =6.040,P ＞0.05).Conclusions The coagulopathy commonly occurs in patients with CAP.D-dimer was significantly higher in patients with CAP.D-dimer level is positively correlated with severity of CAP.D-dimer can be an ideal biomarker to assess the severity of patients with CAP.

Objective To investigate the effect on thyrotropin (TSH) levels of pregnant women and their newborns in different delivery ways. Methods The serum TSH levels of 213 pregnant women and the umbilical cord blood TSH levels of their newborns (140 cases from normal vaginal delivery, 38 cases from cesarean section, 35 cases from low forceps delivery) were tested by immunoradiometric assay. Urinary iodine was detected from pregnant women before delivery. Results In pregnant women, the mean serum level of TSH in the forceps group [(4 13?0 69) mU/L] was significantly higher than those of the normal birth group [(2 58?0 87) mU/L, P

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation,pathogenesis and imaging features of hemichorea associated with hyperglycemia in primary diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods Analyze the clinical manifestations,the neuroimaging features and the treatment of the three patients with hemichorea induced by hyperglycaemia in primary DM,and review the literatures about this disease.Results All of the three cases had a long history of uncontrolled diabetes,among whom,two were non-ketotic hyperglycemic patients and one was ketotic hyperglycemic patient.All of them had an acute onset hemichorea which was almost continuous during awakeness and ceased during sleep.The early CT findings in this disorder were high density in the caudate nucleus,putamen and/or globus pallidus on the side contralateral to the involved limbs,but showed decreased attenuation or completely resolved in about a month.T1-weighted MR images in all cases showed high-signal intensities without edema or mass effect in the diseased region which decreased after several months,while the T2-weighted images were more variable.Conclusion Hemichorea induced by hyperglycemia often happens in the patients with poorly controlled DM,and both of the non-ketotic hyperglycemic and the ketotic hyperglycemic state can be the cause.In the major affected region-corpora striata,CT shows hyperdense lesions,T1-weighted MR images show hyperintense lesions and T2-weighted images show variable lesions in the early time.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic electrical stimulus (CES) of low frequency and physiological frequency on diaphragmatic subtype of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and mechanical characteristic in rabbits with emphysema. Methods The rabbit model of emphysema was made by inhaling papain of ultrasonic atomization once a week for 3 weeks in 30 adult Japanese rabbits, 6 receiving 10 Hz chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation, 6 receiving 40 Hz, 6 receiving 10 Hz plus 40 Hz. Another 6 emphysema rabbits and 6 normal rabbits served as control. The twitch tension (Pt), titanic tension (Po), time to peak tension (TPT), half-relaxation time (1/2Rt), fatigue index (FI) and fatigue recovery index (FRI) were measured and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to observe the changes in subtype of MHC in control group, emphysema group, CES groups respectively. Results ①Following chronic electrical stimulus of 40 Hz, 10 Hz, and (10+40) Hz, the relative contents of MHC were increased in diaphragmatic muscle of rabbits with emphysema. The percentage of MHC-I was significantly increased in the 10 Hz group, while that of MHC-I and MHC-IIa were significantly increased in the (10+40) Hz group. ②Following chronic electrical stimulation using 40 Hz and (10+40)Hz, diaphragmatic muscle Pt and Po were significantly increased in rabbits with emphysema, TPT and 1/2Rt were significantly reduced, and FI and FRI were significantly decreased (P