A series of studies have demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for cell and gene therapies, because they are readily obtained and multipotentially differentiated. Then homogeneous MSC cultures in vitro with more rapidly self-renewing ability and multipotential differentiation will accelerate and improve their progress in clinical application. Colter et al. found that early colonies contain a third kind of cells very small round cells that rapidly self-renew, besides spindle-shaped cells and large flat cells, called RS cells. RS cells are characterized by their extremely small size, rapid rate of replication, and enhanced potential for multilineage differentiation. Moreover, they can be distinguished from more mature cells in the same cultures by a series of surface epitopes and expressed proteins. Therefore, the results raise the possibility that RS cells may have the greatest potential for long-term engraftment and differentiation in vivo.
Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; classification ; cytology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Lumber continued drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after Key-hole approach operation and craniotomic hematoma elimination on the prognosis of hypertensive in-tracerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods Lumber continued drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after Key-hole ap-proach operation was conducted on 38 hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients. At the 1st month and 6th month after operation, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), Barthel index, language barrier degree evaluation and sports function barrier degree evaluation were measured. The therapeutic effects were observed and compared with 34 patients who were operated by craniotomic hematoma elimination. Results GCS was 6.8± 2.1,6.6±2.3 before operation and 10.5±2.5,8.7±2.2 one week after operation in experimental group and con-trol group respectively; GOS was 3.4±0.3,2.8±0.2 one month after operation and 4.1±0.6,3.2±0.4 six month after operation in experimental group and control group respectively; Bartherl index, language barrier degree and sports function barrier degree were 63.15±11.64,51.76±12.81 and 1.7±0.3,2.3±0.2,2.0±0.3, and 2.6± 0.4 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Lumber continued drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after Key-hole approach operation offers greater help in improving the patients' quality of existence, by which the neurological function recov-ers faster and the patients recover well.

To investigate the feasibility of construction of engineered skin substitutes with adipose tissue derived stem cells ( ADSCs)from GFP-mouse and fibrin glue. Methods: Adipose tissues were isolated from GFP-C57BL mouse groin, the fat was cut into pieces and incubated in a collagenase solution to establish ADSCs culture. The differentiation ability into adipocytes and osteoblasts of the ADSCs were investigated. The amplified cells in vitro were seeded in fibrin glue to form tissue engineered skin substitutes. Fifteen C57BL mice were randomly divided into three groups; experimental group was treated with ADSCs-fibrin glue tissue engineered active skin substitutes. Single fibrin glue and blank were served as two control groups. The materials were grafted onto total skin defects on the back of mice. The effect of wound repair was observed histologically. Results; The cultured ADSCs grew well in vitro. The cells showed characteristics of multipotent adult stem cells. ADSCs-fibrin glue shortened the wound healing time. Histological observation showed that thicker epithelium was formed and collagen fibers arranged in order in the ADSCs-fibrin glue experimental group,the number of fibroblasts was significantly increased as compared with those in single fibrin glue group or in the blank control group. Conclusion : GFP- ADSCs combined with fibrin glue can accelerate the mouse skin wound healing. It suggests that ADSCs with fibrin glue maybe an optional method of engineered skin reconstruction for wound repair.

Objecttve To compare the positional and volumetric differences of planning target volumes(PTVs)based on axial three-dimensional CT(3D-CT)and four-dimensional CT(4D-CT)for the primary tumor of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Sixteen NSCLC patients with lesions located in the upper lobe and 12 patients with lesions in middle and lower lobes,totally 28 patients, initially underwent three-dimensional CT scans followed by 4D-CT scans of the thorax under normal free breathing.PTVvector was defined on gross tumor volume (GTV) contoured on 3D-CT and its motion vector. The clinical target volumes(CTVs)were created by adding 7 mm to GTVs,then, internal target volume (ITVs)were produced by enlarging CTVs isotropically based on the individually measured amount of motion in the 4D-CT,lastly,PTVs were created by adding 3 mm setup margin to ITVs. PTV4D was defined on the fusion of CTVs on all phases of the 4D data.The CTV wag generated by adding7 mm to the GTV on each phase.then,PIVs were produced by fusing CTVs on 10 phases and adding 3 mm setup margin.The position of the target center,the volume of target and the degree of inclusion(DI)were compared reciprocally between the PTVvector and the PTV 4D The difference of the position,volume and degree of inclusion of the targets between PTVvecter and PTV4D were compared,and the relevance between the relative characters of the targets and the three-dimensional vector was analyzed based on the groups of the patients. Results The median of the 3 D motion vector for the lesions in the upper lobe was 2.8 mm, significantly lower than that for the lesions in the middle and lower lobe ( 7.0 mm, z = - 3. 485, P < 0. 05 ). In the upper lobe group there was only significant spatial difference between the PTVvector and PTV4D targets in the center coordinate at the x axe (z = -2. 010, P < 0. 05 ), while in the middle and lower lobes there was only significant spatial difference between the PTVvector and PTV4D targets in the center coordinates at the z axe (z = -2. 136,P <0.05). The median of ratio of PTV4D and PTVvector, of the upper lobe group was 0. 75, significantly higher than that of the middle and lower lobes group (0. 52, z = - 2. 949, P < 0. 05 ).A significant correlation was found for the motion vector and the ratio of PTV and PTV4D in both groups ( r = - 0. 638, - 0. 850, P < 0. 05 ). For all patients, the median of D[ of PTV4D in PTVvector was 66. 39% ,while the median of DI of PTVvector, in PTV4D was 99. 55% , both showed a positive significant correlation with the motion vector (r = -0. 814,0. 613 ,P < 0. 05). Conclusions PTV4D defined based on 4D-CT simulation images is obviously less than PTV defined based on 3D-CT simulation images. The ratio and DI of both targets are related with the three-dimensional motion vector of the tumor.

Objective To compare positional and volumetric differences of internal gross tumor volume (IGTV) delineated separately by three approaches based on four-dimensional CT (4DCT) for the primary tumor of non-small cell lung cancer (NLCLC). Methods Twenty-one patients with NLCLC underwent big bore 4DCT simulation scan of the thorax. IGTVs of the primary tumor of NSCLC were tumor on the MIP images were delineated to produce IGTVMIP. The position of the target center, the volume of target, the degree of inclusion (DI) and the matching index (MI) were compared reciprocally between IGTV10, IGTVEI+EE and IGTVMIP. Results Average differences between the position of the center of IGTVs on direction of x,y and z axes were less than 1 mm, with no statistically significant difference. The volume of IGTV10 was larger than that of IGTVEI+EE, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.37,P=0.028);the volume of IGTV10 was larger than that of IGTVMIP, but the difference was not statistically significant(t=1.95 ,P=0.065). The ratio of IGTVEI+EE with IGTV10, IGTVMIP with IGTV10 were 0.85±0.08 and 0.92±0.11, respectively. DI of IGTVEI+EE in IGTV10, IGTVMIP in IGTV10 were 84.78% ± 8. 95% and 88.47% ±9.04%. MI between IGTV10 and IGTVEI+EE, IGTV10 and IGTVMIP were 0.85 ±0.09, 0.86±0. 09, respectively. Conclusions The center displacement of the IGTVs delineated separately by the three different techniques based on 4DCT images are not obvious; IGTVEI+EE and IGTVMIP can not replace IGTV10 , however , IGTVMIP is more close to IGTV10 comparing to IGTVEI+EE . The ratio of GTVEI+EE with IGTV10 is correlated to the tumor motion vector. As the vector increases, the ratio of GTVEI+EE with IGTV10decreases, especially for small tumors.

In order to promote the performance of EEG classification based on multi-task motor imagery (MI), we used common spatial pattern (CSP) as the feature extraction method, and we extracted the features under two conditions, with one "One versus One" and the other "One versus Rest". Then, as for the different feature extraction methods, we presented different classification methods based on support vector machine (SVM) according to the different input features. The final classification results showed that the mean Kappa of "One versus One" classification method based on decision value is much higher than that of voting rule, and a little higher than that of "One versus Rest" classification method.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Imagination ; physiology ; Movement ; physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Support Vector Machine ; Task Performance and Analysis

Tooth bleaching agents contain powerful oxidizing agents, which serve as the main part of bleaching agents because of its release of effective bleaching component. It has been a hot topic whether tooth bleaching agents exert negative influence on oral health. In order to provide train of thoughts and reference for further clinical researches and treatments, this review paper focuses on bleaching agents' effects on the growth of oral microbes and the formation of biofilms.
Bacteria ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Biofilms ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Oral Health ; Oxidants ; pharmacology ; Tooth Bleaching ; Tooth Bleaching Agents ; pharmacology

For a typical electrocorticogram (ECoG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system in which the subject's task is to imagine movements of either the left small finger or the tongue, we proposed a feature extraction algorithm using wavelet variance. Firstly the definition and significance of wavelet variance were brought out and taken as feature based on the discussion of wavelet transform. Six channels with most distinctive features were selected from 64 channels for analysis. Consequently the EEG data were decomposed using db4 wavelet. The wavelet coeffi-cient variances containing Mu rhythm and Beta rhythm were taken out as features based on ERD/ERS phenomenon. The features were classified linearly with an algorithm of cross validation. The results of off-line analysis showed that high classification accuracies of 90. 24% and 93. 77% for training and test data set were achieved, the wavelet vari-ance had characteristics of simplicity and effectiveness and it was suitable for feature extraction in BCI research. K
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Cerebral Cortex ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

OBJECTIVETo assess the 24-month efficacy after booster vaccination with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine among low-response adults in Zhangqiu county of Shandong province.

METHODSA total of 24 237 adults aged 18-49 years old, never received HepB vaccination, without HBV infection history, and had been living at 3 towns of Zhangqiu county in Shandong province for more than half a year in september, 2009, were collected blood samples of 3-5 ml. A total of 11 590 adults who were negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) , antibody to HBsAg (Anti-HBs) and antibody to HBV core antigen (Anti-HBc), were divided into four groups randomly and were vaccinated following the schedule of 0-1-6 with 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HepB-SC), 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by Chinese hamster ovary cell (HepB-CHO), 10 µg HepB-SC and 10 µg hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques in Hansenula Polymorpha (HepB-HP), respectively. The adults who were low-response to the primary hepatitis B vaccination (10 mU/ml ≤ anti-HBs<100 mU/ml) were divided into four groups by cluster random sampling. These groups were revaccinated with 3-dose of above-mentioned four kinds of HepB respectively. Blood samples were drawn from 1 month (T1) and 24 month (T24) after the 3 dose revaccination, respectively. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc was detected by Chemiluminescence Microparticle Imunoassay (CMIA).

RESULTSOut of the 8 592 adults who have accepted the primary vaccination of hepatitis B and been collected the blood samples, 1 306 subjects showed low-response. A total of 718 low-response subjects were collected blood samples after T1 and T24 following 3 doses of booster vaccination. The proportion of the four groups was 32.3% (232/718), 25.8% (185/718) , 19.3% (139/718) , 22.6% (162/718) , respectively. The average proportion of anti-HBs ≥ 100 mIU/ml were decreased from 77.58% after T1 to 35.63% after T24 (χ² = 256.87, P < 0.01). The proportion of anti-HBs ≥ 100 mIU/ml in T24 were 38.8% (90/177), 39.5% (73/185), 25.2% (35/139) and 35.8% (58/162) in four groups, respectively. The proportion of anti-HBs>100 mIU/ml in T24 was significantly different among groups (χ² = 8.81, P = 0.032). The average geometric mean concentration (GMC) was significantly reduced from 443.53 mIU/ml after T1 to 48.98 mIU/ml after T24 (F = 439.41, P < 0.01). The GMC was 60.26 (45.71-77.62), 1.29 (38.90-69.18) , 35.48 (25.70-48.98) and 46.77 (33.88-6.07) mIU/ml in four groups, respectively (F = 1.97, P = 0.117) . Compared with vaccinated 20 µg HepB-SC, the proportion of anti-HBs ≥ 100 mIU/ml and GMC was 0.56 (0.35-0.91) and -0.20 (-0.39--0.02) times. The positive of HBsAg was not found and the positive rate of anti-HBc was 2.6% (18/692) in T24.

CONCLUSIONProtective antibody following booster vaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccines among low-response adults after 2 years fade faster. Antibody level of anti-HBs in T24 was corrected with the booster vaccine type and age. 20 µgHepB-SC seemed better than 10 µg HepB-SC.

Adult ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Pichia ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo access the antibody persistence 24-month after revaccination with 3-dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among non-response adults.

METHODSA total of 24 237 healthy adults who had no histories of hepatitis B infection and hepatitis B vaccination, resided in the local area for more than six months and were aged 18-49 years were selected from 79 villages of Zhangqiu county, Shandong province, China in 2009. Blood samples were obtained and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were detected using ELISA method. A total of 11 590 persons who were negative for all of these indicators were divided into four groups by cluster sampling methods. Each group was vaccinated with one of the following four types of HepB at 0-, 1-, 6-months schedule: 20 µg HepB derived in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (HepB-SC), 20 µg HepB derived in Chinese hamster ovary cell (HepB-CHO), 10 µg HepB-SC and 10 µg HepB derived in Hansenula Polymorpha (HepB-HP). Blood samples were collected one month after the third dose of primary immunization and tested for anti-HBs using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The non-responders were revaccinated with three doses of HepB at 0-, 1-, 6-months schedule and the type of HepB was the same as which was used for primary immunization. Blood samples were collected one month (T1) and two years (T24) after revaccination and anti-HBs, antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface angtigen (HBsAg) (if anti-HBs < 10 mU/ml) were detected by CMIA. χ(2) test was used to compared age, gender and body mass index (BMI) between different groups and the anti-HBs positive rate at T1 and T24; analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HBs between difference groups. The risk factors associated with positive rate of anti-HBs and GMC of anti-HBs were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis and multifactor linear regression model analysis respectively.

RESULTSA total of 900 non-responders were identified and 71.7% (645/900) of them completed three-dose revaccination and blood collection after revaccination. 467 (72.4%) non-responsive adults were followed up at T24. The anti-HBs positive rate decreased from 85.65% (95% CI: 82.14%-88.71%) at T1 to 60.60% (95% CI: 56.01%-65.06%) at T24 and the corresponding GMC decreased from 175.62 (95% CI: 139.03-221.84) mU/ml to 21.43 (95% CI: 17.62-26.06) mU/ml. Multivariate analysis showed that positive rate of anti-HBs at T24 was associated with gender, HepB type for revaccination and anti-HBs level at T1, but only anti-HBs level at T1 was associated with the anti-HBs titer at T24. No subject showed HBsAg seroconversion and anti-HBc conversion rate was 3.64% (17/467) at T24.

CONCLUSIONAnti-HBs titer decreases rapidly two years after HepB revaccination among non-responsive adults, but more than half non-responderd still kept anti-HBs above protective level. The immunity durability after revaccination was associated with gender, HepB type for revaccination and anti-HBs titer one month after revaccination.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Body Mass Index ; CHO Cells ; China ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; classification ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pichia ; Risk Factors ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Seroconversion ; Vaccination ; Young Adult