The study analyzes the major factors which h ave led to the differences between the current situation of drug research and de velopment in China and that in the developed countries: Long-time-existing pla nned economy has prevented Chinese medical enterprises from rapidly becoming the principal part in drug research and development; there is a lack of the entrepr eneurs who can establish the drug research and development systems and availa ble market environment; scientists and entrepreneurs have difficulty in cooperat ing well; the reorientation about the government functions leaves much to be desired Based on above factors, this study has developed related measureme nt s to reduce the differences, such as conducting the structural innovation; esta blishing the drug research and developments systems unalterably; rearranging the functions of the governments and optimizing the market environment; strengthen ing the cooperation among the excellent pharmceutical enterprises in China

Objective:To study difference in arterial oxygen(PO 2) pressure between the carotid artery and the femoral artery and its relation with hypoxia of brain after head injury.Methods:Forty patients with acute head injury were divided into four groups according to the GCS(Ⅰ:6 patients for GCS 3-5score;Ⅱ:16 patients for GCS 6-8 score;Ⅲ:8 patients for GCS 9-12 score;Ⅳ:10 patients for GCS 13-15score).The PO 2 of the carotid artery and the femoral artery was monitored for every patient.At the same time,26 patients from all groups were monitored using transcranial dopplergraphy.Additional,22 patients with severe head injury were continuously monitored on PO 2 of the carotid artery and the femoral artery for 5 days.Results:(1)The difference in PO 2 between the carotid artery and the femoral artery was identified in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups.The PO 2 of carotid artery is much less than that of femoral artery(P

The incidence of allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy) increased gradually over recent decades, and an increasing number of patients are suffering from allergic diseases, thus the rise in allergic disease incidence warrants concern. Researchers have already had a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Mounting evidence has shown that the eosinophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Many systematic studies have been conducted about eosinophils, therefore, this review will provide a summary on recent progress in eosinophils and allergic diseases.
Asthma ; etiology ; immunology ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; etiology ; immunology ; Eczema ; etiology ; immunology ; Eosinophils ; Food Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; immunology ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology ; immunology

Objective To study the changes of apoptosis in brain after traumatic injury(TBI)treated with exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)gene therapy in oder to find out the role of exogenous VEGF gene in protectiog brain tissue.Method The injurea cerebral cortex from the rat models of brain with traumatic injury was injected with adenovirus(adenovirus,Ad)as the carrier of VEGF-165 gene(Ad-VEGF-165 Gene).RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein in the brain 6 h,24 h,3 d,7 d and 14 d after injury,and apoptosis in the injured location of brain was also detected by TUNEL successively after Ad-VECF-165 gene therapy.Results With exogenous Ad-VEGF-165 applied to the locally injured brain tissue after injury,VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein showed consistent expression and their expressions were significantly higher than those in trauma group and vehicle control group.Compared with the trauma group.the apoptosis in the gene therapy group 24 h,3 d and 7 d after injury presented a.significant reduction,and had close relationship with VEGF.(Control group:4.17±0.73;TBI group,24 h:47.18±6.01,3 d:79.44±11.23;TBI+VEGF group.24 h:28.72±5.31,3 d:54.18±7.66;P＜0.05).Conclusions The exogenous VEGF gene therapy administered to have protective effects on the local brain tissue in rats with traumatic injury in a certain time.

Objective To investigate the therapy of chronic eczema patient by mounting method withshen que point,and its effect to relieve itch fast and increase the comfort and contentment of patients.Meth-otis 68 caiges of chronic eczema were randomly enrolled into the experimental gttmp(38 cases)and the controlgroup(30 cases).The experimental group added mounting method with shen ClUe point to normal therapy in-observed the beginning time of itch remission and the therapeutic effect of two groups after 14 days.ResultsCompared with the control group,We found that itch remission in the experimental group wok effect earlier thanthat of the control group,P<0.05.and the therapeutic effect in the experimental group wag significantly differ-ent from that ofthe control group after 14 days.P<0.05.Conclusions The mounting method with sben quepoint can relieve pruritus of patients with chrunie eczema effectively and promote therapeutic effect.

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium phenylbutyrate(NaPB) on the matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) expression and invasive ability of human thyroid follicular carcinoma cell line CGTHW-1.Methods: CGTHW-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of NaPB,then the invasive ability of CGTHW-1 cells was assessed using Transwell assay.The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was examined by immunocytochemistry staining and RT-PCR in CGTHW-1 cells.Results: After treatment with NaPB(4 mmol/L) for 72 h,CGTHW-1 cells passing the Transwell were significantly reduced[(29.8?1.77) vs(11.00?2.59),P

Objective To investigate the changes of region cerebral homodynamic and cerebral vascular autoregulation in traumatic brain injury(TBI) by dynamic CT perfusion(CTP) imaging in rat.Methods Forty-five SD rats underwent CTP,including 10 control rats and 35 TBI rats,on 1,6,24 h,and day 3,7,14,21 after TBI.The region of interest(ROI) was located near traumatic area within 2 mm and mirror area of relative brain hemisphere.False color pictures and dynamic rCBF,rCBV,MTT and PS were obtained in different time.Pathological examination was also done.Results The rCBF,rCBV on 1 h after TBI was lower than that of control group,and significantly higher on 6-24 h after TBI.They reached the peak on day 3.PS had a similar change compared with rCBF,rCBV,but a longer duration.MTT showed to moderate changes except an isolated tide on 3 days after TBI.The rCBF on mirror area of relative brain hemisphere was almost stable except 3 days after TBI,which was lower than that of control group.Meanwhile,the rCBV on mirror area of relative brain hemisphere was normal.Conclusion CTP is an advanced technique to investigate the changes of region cerebral homodynamic and cerebral vascular autoregulation in TBI.The early hypoperfusion and next hyperperfusion around traumatic areas after TBI suggest that the dysfunction of cerebral vascular autoregulation should be committed to the change of homodynamic in TBI.

Objective To explore the causes of occupational exposure and methods of personal protection from occupational exposure.Methods Twenty seven cases with occupational exposure to HIV hospitalized in our hospital from 2003 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 27 cases with occupational exposure to HIV,8 were policemen,4-physicians,12-nurses and 3-laboratory technicians.Of them 4(3 medical workers)were of skin exposure,17(16 medical workers)were injured by sharp devices,and 6(all policemen)were injured by scratch or bite.Post exposure prophylactic interventions were provided for all of them,and no infection was identified after 12 month medical observation.Conclusion Regular training of occupational exposure to HIV for medical workers and judicial staff will be needed.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (p-NET) is a kind of neoplasm originating from neuroendocrine cell of pancreas.The morbidity of p-NET increased 5 times in the past 40 years and threatened people's life.However,the key points of diagnosis and treatment for p-NET are still unclear.There were no special and easy blood tests or imaging scanning for p-NET.The TNM classification remains controversial.Surgery is the most effective method to cure p-NET.But we still need to clarify which is the best time or method for surgery.In this review,we try to answer above questions based on our experiences and studies.

AIM: To investigate the effects of microRNA (miRNA)-483-3p on the growth and migration of human glioma cell line A172 and its potential mechanisms.METHODS: The abundance of miRNA-483-3p in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and different human glioma cell lines (A172, U251 and SHG44) was measured by RT-qPCR.After down-regulation of miRNA-483-3p by transfection of inhibitor in the A172 cells, the cell viability, cell cycle distribution and cell migration were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay, respectively.Furthermore, the protein levels of cell cycle-related molecules and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were measured by Western blot.Luciferase reporter assay was used to predict and verify the target gene of miRNA-483-3p.RESULTS: miRNA-483-3p was highly expressed in human glioma cells.Knockdown of miRNA-483-3p inhibited A172 cell viability, arrested cell cycle and decreased cell migration rate.Furthermore, the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, phoshorylated retinoblastoma protein, N-cadherin and vimentin were significantly decreased after knockdown of miRNA-483-3p, accompanied with the up-regulation of E-cadherin and β-catenin protein expression.Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Smad4 was a potential target gene of miRNA-483-3p.Down-regulation of Smad4 in the A172 cells transfected with miRNA-483-3p inhibitor partially reversed the effect of miRNA-483-3p on cell viability and migration.CONCLUSION: Knockdown of miRNA-483-3p restrains the growth and migration of A172 cells by targeting Smad4.