After a description of the development of massive MOOC in domestic biomedicine and its characteris-tics, the major advantages and disadvantages of MOOC were analyzed in aspects of its copyright , guiding role of teachers, course experiments, and independent study of students, the application of MOOC in medical libraries was elaborated with 4 suggestions put forward for the development of MOOC in medical libraries.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects and safety when adopt smoothing liver and invigorating spleen treatment to cure diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) characterized by liver stagnation with spleen deficiency.Methods 71 patients met the inclusion criteria of D-IBS were randomly divided into the treatment group(36 cases)and control group(35 cases),the treatment group used Shugan Jianpi therapy,traditional Chinese medicine Tongxieyao Fang and additive Shenlingbaishu Decoction; the control group taking Lactobacillus Complex Capsules treatment.Two groups of the time of taking medicine for 4 weeks.Observation and analysis of comprehensive effects and D-IBS symptom score before and after treatment.Results There was no statistical significance in the two groups before treatment,symptom total score difference,after the treatment group and the control group of symptom score were (4.83 ± 3.30),(7.00 ± 3.96),with a significant difference between the two groups (t =2.51,P ＜ 0.05) ; the total effective rate of treatment group was 91.67％,which was higher than 68.57 ％ in the control group(x2 =5.98,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The adoption of the smoothing liver and invigorating spleen treatment characterized by the use of Tong Xie Yao Fang and additive ShenLingBaiZhu decoction to cure D-IBS patients with liver stagnation and spleen deficiency has a relatively satisfactory clinical curative effect.

Papers on linked data published in foreign countries from 2005 to 2013 were analyzed, showing that the research of linked data in foreign countries is in its introduction period on the subject growth curve, the number of related literatures tends to increase, with a number of classical literatures and core researcher groups formed.At present, the research is focused on the theory, implementation and application of linked data.

Objective To study Dendrobium from Yunnan Province by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods Stems of 83 trees from 11 Dendrobium varieties were tested through using FTIR, so as to analyze the differences among different varieties and identify Dendrobium variety by second-derivative spectral, the correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis.Results The spectra showed that the main ingredients of stems were cellulose, lignin and polysaccharides. The fraction of lignin and cellulose ofD.officinate was lower, while that for polysaccharides was higher. There was a high correlation among spectra, with the correlation coefficients of more than 0.980, and that for second-derivative spectral was 0.751 to 0.980. All the samples were clustered by second-derivative spectral, with the correct rate of 87.9%. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the components ofD.hercoglossum, D.lohohense andD.adumcum,D.brymerianum andD.nobile,D.guangxiense andD.fimbriatum are more similar than that of others.Conclusion FTIR combined with hierarchical cluster analysis can distinguish and identify different varieties of Dendrobium, and is an effective and simple way to identify different varieties.

The distribution features of studies on reading popularization in CNKI-covered CSSCI papers were demonstrated from the aspects of their annual distribution, core authors and institution co-occurrence network by bibliometric, visualization and contents analysis.The study hot spots in the two development periods of reading popularization were displayed in the form of knowledge map with the study contents assessed in brief in order provide certain reference for the creative development of reading popularization theories and practice.

The factors influencing the integration of MOOC and information literacy education in academic libraries were divided into objective factor, subjective factor and social factor according to their connotation and significance. Certain measures for their integration were proposed, such as strengthening network construction, perfecting literacy education systems, and carrying out systemic training.Integration of MOOC and information literacy education in academic libraries can improve information service, promote wide application of MOOC and information literacy ed-ucation in academic libraries.

Objective To evaluate the effect of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (RLUL),ureteroscopy(URS),microchannel percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) in the treatment of impacted upper ureteral calculi.Methods Clinical data of 105 cases with impacted upper ureteral calculi were retrospectively analyzed.The average residence time of stone in the same position was 8.6 (2-49) months and the average stone surface area were 171 (71-361)mm2 in 41 cases received RLUL treatment.The average residence time of stone in the same position was 9.5 (2-47) months and the average stone surface area were 159 (71-342)mm2 in 29 cases received URS treatment.The average residence time of stone in the same position was 8.9 (2-51) months and the average stone surface area were 165(71-353)mm2 in 35 cases received mPCNL treatment.Results In the RLUL group,surgery was successful in all patients and the stone-free rate was 100％ ;In the URS group,the surgery success rate was 93.1％ and the stone-free rate 1 month later was 92.6％ ;In the mPCNL group,the surgery success rate was 97.1％ and the stone-free rate 1 month later was 97.0％.The operation time in the URS group (mean 65 min,ranged 45-95 min)was longer than that in the RLUL(mean 46 min,ranged 25-70 min) and mPCNL(mean 51 min,ranged 39-80 min)groups (P＜0.05).The hospital stay in the URS group (mean 5.1 days,ranged 4-12 days) was shorter than that in the RLUL(mean 7.9 days,ranged 6-11 days) and mPCNL(mean 8.1 days,ranged 5-18 days)groups (P ＜ 0.05).The operation time and the hospital stay had no significant differences between the RLUL group and mPCNL group (P ＞ 0.05).The surgery success rate,stone-free rate and the serious complications of the three groups had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The operation time of URS is shorter,but postoperative recovery is faster than that of RLUL and mPCNL groups.Although the incidence of serious complications has no statistically significant differences among the three treatments,but URS and mPCNL surgery have the potential risk of serious complications.RLUL does not increase the difficulty of operation,has less serious complications,and is a remedy for failure in URS and mPCNL operation.

Leptin,a peptide encoded by the obese gene,is primarily secreted by adipocytes,which is a critical hormone controlling food intake, body weight, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function. Leptin can alter the reactivity of the gastrointestinal neuromuscular, thereby to regulate the gastric emptying and bow-el movement. Leptin seems to be a new gut hormone that has a close relationship with the function and dis-ease of gastrointestinal tract. This article reviews the relationship of leptin and gastrointestinal motility.

The glucose metabolism pathways including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in vivo.The metabolism of tumor cells depends on glycolysis,which enhances the adaptability of tumor cells to the microenvironment and promotes the proliferation of tumor cells,which is called Warburg effect.Arsenic is one of the chemical pollutants,which is widely distributed in natural environment.International agency for research on cancer (IARC) has made it clear that arsenic and its compounds are carcinogens.However,the mechanism of carcinogenesis induced by arsenic still remains obscure.Recently,researchers have found that Warburg effect plays an important role in the process of arsenic carcinogenesis.In this paper,we have reviewed the definition and function of glycolysis,its relationship with inflammation and tumorigenesis,and the role of Warburg effect in arsenic carcinogenesis.

Objective:To explore the relation of college students' life events,cognitive emotion regulation and life satisfaction.Methods:296 college students in Changchun completed the life events scale,emotion regulation questionnaire and life satisfaction scale.Results:①Academic pressure,inter-personal relationship and punishment were life events which influenced the most of student's life satisfaction;②Life events were positively correlated with cognitive emotion regulation(r=0.177,P