syuclein is regarded as a presynaptic protein, which may play an important role in neuronal plasticity. However, abnormal accumulation of fibrillar ?-synuclein and mutation of ?-synuclein gene can affect the survival of neurons. Its aggregation and interaction with other proteins are the most critical factors. ?-synuclein is a precursor of non-amyloid component of senile plaques in Alzheimers disease. It is likely that ?-synuclein is associated with Alzheimers pathology. In this paper, we summarize the progress in the normal physical function of ?-synuclein and the mechanism in Alzheimers disease.

Accidents, Occupational ; economics ; Humans ; Insurance ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Rural Population ; Workers' Compensation ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence

Objective: To identify the reasons for misdiagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) in order to promote its diagnosis.Methods: 51 misdiagnosed PHC cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The misdiagnosis rate of PHC was 19.4%(51/263).The misdiagnosed cases included chronic hepatitis,hepatic cirrhosis,liver abscess,cholecystitis,gall-bladder stone,acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis,liver hemangioma,Meniere's disease,acute abdomen,peptic ulcer,gastroenteritis,joint diseases,pulmonary infections,lung cancer and pleuritis,etc.Conclusion: No specific manifestation at early stage and diversified features mid-late stage of HPC cause misdiagnosis.For the purpose of decreasing misdiagnosis rate of HPC,clinicians should pay attention to the special and metastatic signs of HPC,overall physical examination and continuous laboratory and imaging examinations to lessen the occurrence of misdiagnosis.

Although non-invasive images provide primary diagnosis for coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease patients,coronary angiography(CAG) remained to be considered as a gold standard for delineating the anatomy of the dilated or stenosis coronary arteries.The indications of CAG,timing,key points of the procedure and also percutaneous coronary intervention are discussed.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatrics, Methods To analyze retrospectively the clinical data of 107 geriatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding confirmed by gastroscope or operation and another 136 non - geriatric upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases were compared. Results The most common reason of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in geriatrics is peptic ulcer(34. 58% ) .followed by gastric cancer with 18. 69%. 28. 03% of bleeding did not have typical clinical manifestation. The rates of re - bleeding, multi - bleeding and heavy bleeding were 64. 48% ,21. 5% and 2804% , respectively. The bleeding time more than one week occurred in 25. 23% of the patients,bleeding mortality was 13. 08% . 27. 10% of patients were misdiagnosis at primary visit, which had statistical difference comparing with non - geriatric patients,P

Objective To investigate the effect of dopamine pretreatment on the renal immunocompetence in a rat brain death animal model.Methods Dopamine (2, 6, 10 and 14??g?kg -1 ?ml -1 ) was continuously infused intravenously in a rat brain death animal model. 6 h later, the kidney was removed for immunohistochemical assay. Results Dopamine pretreatment could inhibit the infiltration of renal monocytes, and the expression of MHC II and P selektin in a dose dependent manner.Conclusion Dopamine pretreatment could obviously reduce the renal immunocompetence in a rat brain death model.

AIM To determine whether the previous treatment with dopamin can reduce renal immunocompetence in rats hot ischemie-reperfusion injury animal model. METHODS The Lewis rats were filled continuously for 48 h with a range density dopamin (2,5,10 ?g?kg -1 ?min -1 ) before hot ischemia. Served as contrast, the male Lewis rats were filled with NaCl. After pressing the left renal artery for 1 hour, we analysed the right renal HO-1 amount, and after 5 d, the left renal was taken for immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The previous treatment with dopamin can reduce renal monocyte infiltration and expression of MHC-Ⅱ as well as raise renal HO-1 amount. CONCLUSION The previous treatment with dopamin can reduce ischemie-reperfusion injury renal immunocompetence.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the economical effects of four treatment schemes on type2diabetes.METHODS:Four treatment schemes(Group A:Acarbose;Group B:Gliclazide+Metformin;Group C:Insulin;Group D:Repaglinide+Met?formin)of type2diabetes were compared by a cost-effect analysis method in pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS:After treatment for3months,fasting blood glucose level of four schemes were of significant differences(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Blood sug_ ar level can be controlled to an ideal level through the four treatment schemes;while Group D is better considering the sensi?tivity of organism to insulin,the function of?cell and the overall efficiency.

OBJECTIVE： A RP-HPLC method for determination of ribavirin in ribavirin eye drops was developed.METHODS： In the method,μ Bondapak C18 ODS was used as the stationary phase and water as the mobile phase with the detection wavelength at 207nm.RESULTS： The linear range of ribavirin was 12.5～100.0μ g/ml(r=0.9 994,n=5).The average recovery rate was 98.47％ ,RSD=0.92％ (n=5).CONCLUSION： This method is accurate,rapid and simple for the determination of ribavirin in ribavirin eye drops.

Objective Analyzing the nonlinear dynamics of the TCP-RED congestion control system is of great importance. This study will help investigate the loss of stability in Internet and design a proper method for controlling bifurcation and chaos in such system. Methods Based on bifurcation diagram, the effect of parameter on system performance is discussed. By using the state feedback and parameter variation strategy, a simple real time control method is proposed to modify the existing RED scheme. Results With our control method, the parametric sensitivity of RED mechanism is attenuated. Moreover, a sufficient condition on the robust stability of the system is also derived to adjust the parameters in TCP-RED system. Conclusion The proposed method has the advantages of simple implementation and unnecessary knowledge of the exact system.