Objective To explore the pathogenic bacteria and immunologic mechanism of recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRI) in children.Methods The observation group included 50 children with RRI,26 cases were boys and 24 cases were girls, in Department of Respiratory Medicine of Wuhan Children′s Hospital were enrolled from Apr.2007 to Apr.2008.These children were divided into 3 subset groups:28 cases in 6 months-2 years old group,15 cases in 3-5 years old group,and 7 cases in 6-12 years old group.The healthy control group included 50 healthy children aged 6 months -12 years.The specimens were gathered on the next morning after the children entered hospital.The secretions of noses and pharynxes were gathered with clean and aseptic tampon from children with upper respiratory tract infection and placed in aseptic vessel,and were immediately detected with the pathogenic bacteria.The secretions of lower respiratory tract were gathered with suction method from children with lower respiratory tract infection and placed in aseptic vessel, and were immediately detected with the pathogenic bacteria,the number of superinfection with some kind of pathogenic bacteria was calculated.The children in observation group and healthy control group were exsanguinated of vein when the children were hungry to detect the cellular immunity(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) and humoral immunity(IgA,IgM,IgG,C3,C4).Results Three hundred and two specimens in 6 months-2 years old group were detected,and 135 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 42.2%,and the number of superinfection was 25.One hundred and thirty-seven specimens in 3-5 years old group were detected,and 47 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 34.3%,and the number of superinfection was 7.Fifty-four specimens in 6-12 years old group were detected,and 16 pathogenic bacteria were separated,the ratio of positive was 29.6%,and the number of superinfection was 2.The top 5 kinds of bacteria that those children with RRI were easily infected were Ps.aeruginosa,K.pneumoniae,S.aurens,E.coli and streptococcus pneumoniae.The CD3+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ of cellular immunity in the observation group were obviously lower than those in the healthy control group(Pa

Objective To investigate costimulatory pathway of breast cancer patients, we examined peripheral CD28 positive T lymphocytes and B7 molecules expression on the primary breast cancer cells in patients with breast cancer. MethodsFlow cytometry was used to analyze CD28 and B7 molecules expressed on T lymphocytes and primary breast cancer cells respectively. Results CD28 positive T lymphocytes in breast cancer patients was lower than that in control group (t=2.879,P

Myopia is the most important cause of visual impairment in adolescents. However, its etiology is complex. In recent years, a large number of epidemiological studies have been done on risk factors of myopia. Most of these studies is cross- sectional study, not longitudinal cohort study. Overall, the incidence of myopia is the result of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. This review is about the risk factors for myopia.

Animals ; Female ; Galactosylceramides ; metabolism ; Graft vs Host Disease ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Th2 Cells ; cytology

Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objeetive To explore routine magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of newborn bilirubin encephalopathy(NBE).Methods MRI features and clinical data of 17 patients with Newbern bilirubin encephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed, globus pallidus (GP)and subthalamic signal intensity was evaluated.The increase of GP signal intensity and serum total bilirubin peak value were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis.Serum total bilimbin peak value between patients with high signal in the subthalamic nuclei on T1 WI and patients without high signal in the subthalamic nuclei were compared statistically.Results The main MRI presentation in the NBE group Was abnormally increased signal intensity in the GP on T1 WI,which was not apparent on T2 WI One patient showed abnormal high signal intensity in the postemmedial part of GP.Nine patients had high signal in the subthalamic nuclei on T1 WI and normal signal on T2 WI Four patients showed hiigh signal in the brainstem with sparing of dorsal pontine.The increase in value of GP signal intensity was 249.0-423.8 in 12 patients and their serum total bilirubin peak values were 366.0-983.3μmol/L A positive correlation Was found between increase of GP signal intensity and serum total bilirubin peak value.The serum total bilirubin level of abnormal subthalamic group and normal subthalamic group were 660.7±192.4 μmol/L and 513.3±107.5μmol/L respectively.The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(t=1.914,P＞0.05).Conclusion The routine MRI has some characteristics and is useful in the diagnosis of newborn bilirubin encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND: Studies are very few regarding the specific reaction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to activated microglia. Moreover, it remains unclear how MSCs maintain dopaminergic neuronal survival under specific microenvironment.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of BMSCs stimulated by activated microglia on dopaminergic neuron survival.METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from Wistar rats by attachment method, and in vitro cultured; microglia was activated, and dopaminergic neurons were cultured by enzyme digestion method. The experiment included 5 groups: BMSCs, microglia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+microglia; BMSCs+LPS+microglia groups, in which the dopaminergic neurons were cultured with corresponding culture medium; the dopaminergic neurons alone group was cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum+ DMEM/F12. The effect of different microenvironment on dopaminergic neuron survival and gliocyte-derived neurotrophic factor released from BMSCs were detected by immunofluorescence technique.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The release of gliocyte-derived neurotrophic factor in groups involving BMSCs was greater than corresponding control group. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence showed that neuronal survival of dopaminergic neurons alone group was 15%, microglia group was 10%, LPS+microglia was 5%, but BMSCs+LPS+microglia group was 28%, significantly greater than the other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, survival of in vitro cultured dopaminergic neurons was decreased with increasing culture duration, but the survival of dopaminergic neurons in group involving BMSCs was significantly greater than corresponding control group. This indicates that microglia activation stimulated BMSCs to upregulate gliocyte-derived neurotrophic factor to prevent dopaminergic neurons from toxic injury, and inhibit delayed death of dopaminergic neurons.

Objective To investigate the relationship between activity of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH)and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods From Oct. 2006 to Jan. 2008, 105 PCOS patients undergoing treatment in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Second Hospital affiliated to West China University were enrolled in the study, among 53 cases with homeostatic model assessment IR (HOMA-IR) exceed or equal 2.77 as IR-PCOS group and 52 cases with HOMA-IR less than 2.77 as non IR-PCOS group. In the mean time, 53 infertile women due to fallopian tube or husband factors were chosen as control group. Plasma PAF-AH activity, high-density lipoprotein-associated PAF-AH (H-PAF-AH) activity, low-density lipoprotein-associated PAF-AH (L-PAF-AH) activity, the ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activity were measured and compared among three groups. The method of Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to study the relationship between the ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activities and hormonal and metabolic parameters. Results (1) Plasma PAF-AH activity [ (0.055±0.012) mmol· L~(-1)·min~(-1)], L-PAF-AH activity [(0.052±0.012) mmol·L~(-1)·min~(-1)], and the ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activity (23±6) in the IR-PCOS group were significantly higher than those at control group [(0.050±0.009) mmol·L~(-1) ·min~(-1), (0.047±0.009) mmol·L~(-1)·min~(-1) and (18±4)] and non-IR-PCOS group [(0.050±0.0012) mmol·L~(-1) ·min~(-1), (0.048±0.012) mmol·L~(-1)·min~(-1) and (18± 5 ), P <0.05 ]. The ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activities at IR-PCOS group was also significantly higher than those at Non IR-PCOS and control group after correction for body mass index (P<0.01). (2) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH in PCOS patients was positively correlated with atherogenic index, age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, HOMA-IR, triglyceride levels, fasting insulin levels, fasting glucose levels, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol (r=0.644, 0.247, 0.296, 0.212, 0.356, 0.587, 0.377, 0.375, 0.292 and 0.199, respectively, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.510, P<0.05). The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that atherogenic index and triglyceride were significant variables for the ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activity (standardized coefficient, β=0.515 and 0.201, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion The elvated L-PAF-AH activity may be associated with IR in PCOS patients, and the increased ratio of L-PAF-AH to H-PAF-AH activities may be a potential marker of inflammation in the patients.

Objective To investigate the conceptual feasibility and biomechanical advantages of our self-designed screw hole filler for a lateral bamboo-raft-type titanium locking plate in a digital model of proximal tibial fracture using linear statics finite element analysis.Methods A nut-type screw hole filler was designed.Four different idealized finite element models of proximal tibial fracture fixed by a lateral bamboo-raft-type anatomic locking plate were established on the basis of three-dimensional CT reconstruction and digital orthopedic techniques.The first one was assembled with the filler and stabilized fibula,the second with stabilized fibula but without the filler,the third with the filler and unstabilized fibula,and the fourth with unstabilized fibula but without the filler.Linear statics finite element analyses were conducted for the 4 models under the same 26 groups of loads.The 4 models were compared in terms of maximum relative displacement on fracture surface,average relative displacement on fracture surface,maximum Von Mises stress of internal fixation,maximum contact stress on fracture surface,maximum contact stress between plate and tibial surface,maximum contact pressure on fracture surface,and maximum contact pressure between plate and tibial surface.Outcomes of the analyses for the 4 models were harvested and treated with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.Results There were significant differences between using filler and not using filler in maximum relative displacement on fracture surface,average relative displacement on fracture surface,maximum Von Mises stress of internal fixation and maximum contact pressure between plate and tibial surface (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference was found in maximum contact pressure on fracture surface (P ＞ 0.05).The model assembled with the filler and unstabilized fibula led to the greatest improvement in maximum Von Mises stress of internal fixation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Since use of nut-type screw hole filler may increase the contact pressure between plate and bone surface,reduce the maximum Von Mises stress of internal fixation,the maximum displacement of the whole model,and the relative and average displacements on fracture surface,but has insignificant effect on the contact pressure on fracture surface,it improves the biomechanical performance of internal fixation.The filler deserves further study.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the nosocomial infections among dead cases with cancer and explore the relationship between death and nosocomial infections.METHODS Totally 309 dead cases with cancer were investigated and analyzed in 2004-2005.RESULTS From them 64 with 72 times accompanied by nosocomial infections(20.71%,23.30%),the rate was 5.85 times higher than the total nosocomial infection rate in the hospital.Of 64 cases with nosocomial infections,48(75%) were led to death directly by nosocomial infections.The average hospitalization time of these 64 dead cases with nosocomial infections was 63.94 days,which was 20.98 days longer than the whole average hospitalization time(29.21 days).Cases with tumors related to immune system were more often accompanied by nosocomial infections than with other tumors(P