BACKGROUND:The in vitro construction, maturation and differentiation of cellscaffold complexes into tissue-engineered bone is the necessary process of bone tissue engineering construction, but there are no uniform
methods and standards.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the basic method and technology to build bone tissue engineering at present and to discuss the related development.
METHODS:A compute-based online search was conducted on the PubMed database and CNKI database for the articles related to the in vitro construction and culture of bone tissue engineering bone from January 1997 to
January 2013 with the key words of“bone tissue engineering, cellbiological scaffold, cellinoculation, seeding density, culture in vitro, bioreactor”in English and Chinese. Final y, 44 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As the carrier of bone tissue engineering seed cells, the primary prerequisite of biological scaffold is sterile, because the sterile biological scaffold can be able to survive. Sterilization of biological scaffolds includes ultraviolet sterilization, 60Coγ-ray sterilization, soaking in ethanol with the volume fraction of 75%, autoclave method, and ethylene oxide sterilization. 60Coγ-ray sterilization is the common method in the biological scaffold sterilization. The inoculation density of seed cells is the key factors that influence the adhesion growth and proliferation of seed cells on the scaffolds. The adhesion between cells and scaffold materials wil be affected by the affinity of scaffolds, celladhesion and gravity, and other factors. The method for the inoculation of bone tissue engineering seed cells includes static inoculation and dynamic inoculation. Each construction method has its advantages and disadvantages. Overcomeing these disadvantages, forming a uniform construction method and ful y clinical application are the direction of future development.

Objective:To explore the anti-fatigue effect of Tibet maca in mice. Methods: The mice were respectively given the powder or the alcohol extract of Tibet maca. The lactic acid concentration in blood, serum lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) , the time of weight loading swimming and serum urea ammonia level after the exercise in the mice were detected, and the anti-fatigue effect of the powder and the alcohol extract of Tibet maca was compared. Results: After the 30-day feeding, the serum LDH activity of the mice taking the powder or alcohol extract of Tibet maca was obviously higher than that of the mice in the control group(P<0. 05), the time of weight loading swimming was significantly longer than that in the control group (P<0. 05), and the blood lactic acid concentration after the exercise was obviously lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Tibet maca can improve the time of weight loading swimming of mice, and reduce the level of serum urea ammonia after exercise and blood lactic acid concentration, sug-gesting the powder and alcohol extract of Tibet maca have obvious anti-fatigue effect.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of gentiana macrophylla from different origins in Gansu by determination the content of gentiopicroside.Methods: HPLC method was used.Results: The calibration curve of gentiopicroside was linear within 0.52-5.2?g(r=0.9991),the average recovery rate was 99.2%(RSD=1.23%,n=5).Conclusion: The content of gentiopicroside among gentiana macrophylla from different origins in Gansu are different,and all of them are higher than the standard of China Pharmacopoeia.Gentiopicroside content in planting gentiana macrophylla is higher than that of wild gentiana macrophylla.It provides a scientific basis of cultivating gentiana macrophylla and protecting wild gentiana macrophylla.

Objective:To assess the genetic relationship of clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii (resistant to both imipenem and meropenem) from January 2007 to March 2008 in Peking University Third Hospital for measures to decrease the isolates; to investigate the characteristics of patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii colonization or infection and to evaluate antibiotic treatment for health care-associated infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Methods: The medical records of patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii colonization or infection were reviewed. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the standardized disk-diffusion method and the clonal relationship of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: A total of 49 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains were isolated from the 49 patients hospitalized during the study period and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing yielded 7 different patterns. A total of 45 (91.8%)genotyped strains showed clonal relationship. The most frequently identified predisposing factors were intensive care unit stay, invasive procedures, and hypoalbuminemia. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12 cases) and cerebrovascular disease (10 cases) were the most common comorbid conditions.The mortality of patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection was 38. 1% (8 of 21 patients), and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score, initial antibiotic therapy failure rate and the presence of hypoalbuminemia were significantly increased in the death group. Combination therapy regimens had higher success rates than monotherapy regimens (11/13, 84. 6% vs. 3/17,17.6%). Conclusion: There has been clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains among patients in our hospital since 2007. Intensive care unit stay, invasive procedures, hypoalbuminemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease were common in patients with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii colonization or infection. Antibiotic combination therapy may be effective for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection.

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the neuroprotection of progesterone on neonatal rats after sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and its mechanisms. Methods A total of 120 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=40): blank control group (group C), sevoflurane group (group S) and progesterone plus sevoflurane group (group S+P), half male and half female in each group. The rats in group S were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for two hours on postnatal days (P) seven, eight and nine, which was used to establish the developmental sevoflurane neurotoxicity model. The rats in group C were exposed to mixture of gases (2 L/min, 2 hours a day). The rats in group S+P received a daily injection of progesterone (8 mg/kg) from P4 to P9 and then were exposed to 3% sevoflurane (2 L/min, 2 hours a day) for 3 consecutive days between P7 to P9. The apoptosis of nerve cells in the CA1 area of the hippocampus evaluated by TUNEL assays in neonatal rats. The relative expression of apoptosis protein (caspase-3) in the hippocampus determined by Western blotting. Rats in each group evaluated for the space orientation ability and the learning and memory ability by Y maze, Morris water maze and platform test 6 weeks after birth. Results Sevoflurane significantly increased the neuronal apoptosis in CA1 area of the hippocampus in the central nervous system of newborn rats and increased the expression of Caspase-3 in the hippocampus (P<0.01); progesterone significantly reduces neuronal apoptosis which induced by sevoflurane and the expression of Caspase-3 in the hippocampus (P<0.01). The results of the Y maze, Morris water maze and platform test showed that sevoflurane reduced the alternating scoring rate of rats (P<0.05), prolonged the time required to find the platform in the water maze (P<0.05) and increased the number of errors in the platform test (P<0.01). Progesterone significantly increased the alternating scoring rate of rats (P<0.05), shortened the time required to find the platform in the water maze (P<0.05) and significantly reduced the number of errors in the platform test (P<0.01). Conclusion Repeated inhalation of 3% sevoflurane in neonatal rats can cause neurotoxic damage and induce cognitive dysfunction. Progesterone may have a neuroprotective effect on the neurotoxic damage of neonatal rats induced by sevoflurane.

Objective:To further understand the advantage of radiofrequency treatment of hemangioma ofnasal cavity under nasal endoscopy. Method:Fifteen cases with hemangioma of nasal cavity were treated withradiofrequency under nasal endoscopy. Result:The hemangioma of fifteen cases could be removed completely. Thecomplication was absent. None of them recured in six months to four years following up. Conclusion:This methodhas many advantages such as clear operation visual field,less hemorrhage and postoperative pain,no facial scar.The radiofrequency under endoscopy is valuable in treatment for hemangioma of nasal cavity.

Translational medicine is a totally new concept which could basically eliminate the barrier between basic medicine and clinical medicine and shorten the process of‘bench to bedside’Throughout the history of the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis,we found that changes of treatment concept at each historical stage were the results of‘translational medicine’under the technical and cognitive condition at that time.This paper elaborated on the important role of translational medicine based on the diagnosing and treating development of acute pancreatitis as well as discussed the medical teaching and research under the mode of translational medicine.

Audiometry, Speech ; Humans ; Language

To compare the clinical effect of Qianliekang and finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia to explore the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods:Totally 36 Wistar rats were selected, and then divided into 3 groups randomly with 12 ones in each, namely Qianliekang group, finasteride group and the control group. After 14 days of castration, the three groups were all treated with subcutaneous injection of 5 mg kg-1 testosterone propi-onate, and Qianliekang group was additionally treated with intragastric administration at 10-fold adult dose, finasteride group was trea-ted with intragastric administration at the dose of 0. 1 mg·kg-1 , and the control group was treated with the same amount of distilled water. The rats were sacrificed after the 21-day treatment, and the wet weight of prostate was determined, the prostate volume was measured and the pathological changes in prostate tissue were observed under a light microscope. Results:The wet weight of prostate in Qianliekang group and finasteride group was (0. 467 ± 0. 061) g and(0. 408 ± 0. 058) g, respectively, the prostate volume was (0. 371 ± 0. 059)ml and(0. 365 ± 0. 054)ml, respectively, and the above indicators were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Qianliekang can effectively inhibit benign prostatic hyperplasia in the model rats, and the mechanism may be related to the proliferation inhibition of prostate cells.

Background The orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) play important roles in the proliferative and inflammatory response.Seeking the drug which inhibit OFs growth is of a vital significance for the prevention and treatment of TAO.Research documented that colchicine has an anti-fibrosis effect.But its influence on OFs of TAO patient is few known.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of colchicine on growth and apoptosis of OFs in vitro.Methods The retroobital connective tissue was obtained form 3 TAO patients and cultured using explant method.OFs were passaged and identified by immunochemistry,and 3-8 genetaions of cells were used in the study.Colchicine at the concentrations of 1 × 10-8,1 × 10-7,1 × 10-6,1 × 10-5,1 ×10-4 mol/L was added into the RPMI 1640 with 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS) to incubated the cells for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively,and only RPMI 1640 was used to culture the cells as the control group.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)was used to detect the absorbance value (A450) of OFs for the evaluatuion of OFs and the inhibitory rate of colchicine to OFs.The colchicine of 1 ×10-6,1 ×10-5,1 × 10-4 mol/L was added into the culture medium for 48 hours,and then the apoptotic rate of the cells and the cell percentage in various cellular cycle was assayed by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)in the cells was detected by immunochemistry to assess the influence of colchicine on the serection of the cells.Results Cultured cells showed the spindle-like in shape and the cell number was significantly increased with the incubation time.After incubated with 1 × 10-4,1 × 10 5,1 × 10-6,1 ×10-7,1 × 10-8 mol/L colchicines,the A450 values were gradually reduced with the increase of the concentrations of colchicine(F ion =62.004,P＜0.05),and significant differences were found between different contrations of colchicine groups(all P＜0.05).Aslo,gradually declined A450 values of the cells were seen with the lapse of culture time among the groups(Ftime =459.582,P＜0.05).The inbitory rate of colchicine to the cells was elevated with the increase of concentrations.The apoptotic rates of the cells were (1.73 ± 0.15) ％,(21.04 ± 4.56) ％,(31.84 ±6.21)％and(35.32±5.56)％ in the control group and 1 × 10-6,1 × 10-5,1 × 10 4 mol/L colchicine groups respectively,with statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (F =83.905,P＜0.05).With the increase of concentrations of colchicines,the cell percentage in G2 +M phase lessened gradually,showing significant difference among the control group and the 1 × 10-6,1 × 10-5,1 × 10-4 mol/L colchicine groups (F =20.443,P＜0.05).The expression of the TGF-β in the cells was (97.60± 2.09) ％ in the control group,and that in the 1 × 10-4 mol/L colchicine group was (44.43 ± 3.96) ％,presenting a significant difference between them (t =65.330,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Colchicine can induce apoptosis of OFs and inhibit the prolilferation of OFs in a time-and dose-dependent manner probably by decreasing the TGF-β secretion