Fibronectin in normal human breast tissue and in breast tumors were stu-died by immuno-gold silver staining method.In normal mammary tissue,fibronectin was present in basement membrane and stroma but absent in epi-thelial cells.Changed distribution pattern was observed in benign tumorsand malignant tumors,there was an appearance of fibronectin in epithelialcells of acini and ductules and decreased in stroma.The differences wasthat fibronectin decreased in basement membrane in benign tumors and dis-appeared in that of malignant tumors which reflect to some extent the inva-sive nature of tumors.

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)is a surgical technique which is performed with an endoscope passed through a natural orifice,and then through an internal incision in the viscera(stomach,vagina or rectum)to perform intraabdominal operations.Since the first successful transgastric appendectomy performed by Dr.Rao and Reddy in 2004,NOTES is developing rapidly.The advantages of NOTES include no injury and scar in the body surface;lower anesthesia requirements;faster recovery and shorter hospital stays;avoidance of transabdominal wound infections.NOTES can also be applied to patients who are not suitable for open surgery and lapascopic surgery.NOTES has the potential to revolutionize the field of minimally invasive surgery by eliminating abdominal incisions,however,the safety and efficacy of NOTES still needs to be investigated in lhe future.

Objective To investigate the effect of down-regulation of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells T24.Methods shRNA targeting TRPM8 was designed and synthesized, and then transfected into the T24 cells via lipofectamine 2000 mediation.The proliferation and apoptosis of T24 cells were detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry.Expression of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were detected with Western blot.Results TRPM8-targeted shRNA downregulated TRPM8 expression of T24 cells.MTT assay showed a significant acceleration of the proliferation of shRNA interference group compared to blank and control groups (P ＜0.01).Compared to control group, cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher in shRNA interference group (P ＜ 0.01).In addition, the expressions of PI3K, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 were decreased in shRNA interference group.Conclusions Down-regulation of TRPM8 can induce inhibition of proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells T24 via regulating PI3K.It might be regarded as a novel target for clinical diagnosis and gene therapy of bladder cancer.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common hematopoietic malignancy. The initial complete remission rates of adult ALL reach over 80%, but most of the patients eventually relapse and the long-term survival re-mains poor. This article reviewed advances in the biological features and treatment of adult ALL during the past decade with a view to further improving the survival quality rate of the patients.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility of application of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic patients. METHODS:Intervention, feasible regulations and rational medication scheme were formulated and present medical records were monitored and related information was feedback timely. Utilization of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial was compared between before and after intervention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, hospitalization days, medical costs, cost and proportions of antibiotics were reduced; medication time and selection of antibiotics for all kinds of incision were standardized and the mean duration was shortened. The proportion of antibiotics used at 0.5～2 hours before operation was increased. The first and second generation cephalosporin was applied more and more. Combination of medication was decreased and rational use of antibiotics was significantly improved. CONCLUSION:Management of drug use is helpful to standardize the application of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics and improve clinical rational use of antibiotics.

Objective:To investigate the changes of humoral and cellular immunity markers in various liver disease by ABO blood group,the reliable evidences were provided.Methods:The cases of 500 health men (NC) as contrals,various acute and chronic liver disease with the positive index of hepatitis B which include acute hepatitis (ASC) 140 cases,chronic hepatitis (CH) 192 cases,post-hepatitis cirrhosis (LC) 160 cases,primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) 70 cases were examined by immune-spresding assay,APAAP immune-bridge assay and so on in the study,the changes of serumal IgG,IgM,IgA,IgD,Ige,complement C_3(C_3),total complment (CH50),circulatory,immune complex (CIC),E-rosetter formation rate (E-RFC) and T-lymphocyte subsets in the group of NC,ASC,CH,LC and PHC were investigated respectively. Results:Compared to contrals,the humoral immune markers of all groups of liver disease changed markedly,Ige increased changed apparently and IgG increased.Secondly from ASC,CH,LC, to PHC,mean while,C_3 and CIC increased obviously and E-RFC decreased obviously in the group of PHC.Compared to the group of other blood type incresed markedly (P

OBJECTIVE:To control the drug quality risk in drug withdrawal links of hospital pharmacy,and provide reference for the application of quality risk management(QRM)in hospital pharmacy. METHODS:Drug QRM was developed in drug with-drawal links through risk identification,risk assessment,risk control,risk assessment and other steps. Using the incidence of risk factors and reusable rate of withdrawal drug as indexes,related data of before(Jul.-Dec. 2015)and after(Jan.-Jun. 2016)devel-oping QRM in our hospital were compared to evaluate the effect of drug QRM. RESULTS:Determining whether specific storage drugs kept the required storage conditions,whether the numbers of withdrawal drugs counted to minimal packaging and other 5 fac-tors were high-risk factors(the risk score of each factor>4 points);control measures were taken separately for high risk factors, then high-risk factors were reduced to acceptable levels(risk score<4 points). After developing QRM,the incidence of risk factors were reduced than before(reduce 1.35%-6.19%),reusable rate of withdrawal drug was increased(98.64% vs. 86.32%)(all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Developing QRM in drug withdrawal links of hospital pharmacy can reduce the drug quality risk.