Based on the characteristics of BOPPPS mode,this article discussed its application.Following the teaching mode of BOPPPS,teachers can adjust teaching objectives and plans according to the students' needs.With the modularization of the teaching mode of BOPPPS,the students' interests can be stimulated so as to explore things initiatively,which was conducive to training students' ability of ethical decision-making and professional spirit.Finally,the teaching mode of BOPPPS assessed the learning effect with post-tests so as to enhance the effectiveness of medical ethics teaching.

Syndrome attribute determined by signs and symptoms of an animal model through intervening in the clini-cal and animal syndrome differentiation standards is not standardized, objective or rigorous. The signs and symptoms of people are difficult to be expressed fully and accurately in the animal body correspondingly. The signs and symptoms of animals are mostly without any syndrome information. There are no difference of signs and symptoms among differ-ent modeling methods. Hence, it is difficult to determine the syndrome-attribution of an animal model based on signs and symptoms. There are two problems in drug reduction to determine syndrome-attribution of animal models. Firstly, for drug reduction, only one group is used in the animal subject. There are no other two groups or multi-groups of drugs compared with each other to confirm the syndrome-attribution of animal models. Lots of research results indicat-ed that multiple drugs with different functions can change the state and the objective index of the same animal subject. Secondly, employing the control principle, adjusting and improving the best drug for the animal subject were used to determine the syndrome-attribute. However, these studies cannot be operated, because the preliminary studies, such as the essence of syndrome, have not provided generally recognized effect indexes and index groups.

Studies showed that animal model of the so-called simple syndrome currently have corresponding modern medical disease without exception. Even such animal model is called simple syndrome model, its properties is a cer-tain modern medicine disease. There is no specific corresponding relationship between the syndrome-attribution and the syndrome. The signs and symptoms differentiation and abnormal physical and chemical detection indices after pathogen-modeling of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cannot be determined since there are no specific corre-sponding relationships. The study on disease-syndrome combination model contains both modern medical modeling method and TCM modeling method. This type of modeling method has its own existing shortcomings. Meanwhile, two modeling methods used in the model establishment have uncertain relationship. The disease-syndrome combination model is usually not established in the comparison among different syndromes of one disease. Therefore, it has no ex-clusive attribute. There are many problems existed in the TCM modeling method, disease-syndrome combination modeling method, and syndrome-attribute evaluation methods. The basic reasons are the wide difference between symptoms and signs for diagnosis in modern medicine disease. There are a few symptoms and signs for diagnosis in modern medicine. But there are much more symptoms and signs for syndrome differentiation of the same disease. Many symptoms for syndrome differentiation are unknown for its source of origin existed in a virtual state. It caused that many virtual syndromes abstracted by virtual symptoms, and was reflected by the relevant standards. It leads to devastating consequences for the development of animal modeling method.

Two hundred and forty patients with primary hypertension in Weifang Community were randomly sampled as contract group and another 240 hypertensive patients were sampled as control group.Patients in contract group signed service contract with general practitioners (GPs),who provided individualized service for hypertension management.Patients in control group receive conventional outpatient service for hypertension management.The clinical data of patients before and one year after contracted services were documented and compared with those in control group.The results showed that in contract group the average systolic pressure decreased from 134.60 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) to 130.62 mm Hg (P =0.000),reaching-the-target-BP rate increased from 56.3％ to 85.5％ (P =0.000),serum total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased significantly one year after receiving contracted services (P =0.000) ; while these indicators were not significantly changed in control group (all P ＞ 0.05).The results indicate that the contracted services of GPs can improve the effectiveness of hypertension management in community.

ObjectiveTo study the influences of fetal umbilical cord around neck on foetus、newborn infants and the choices of delivery mode during delivery.Methods220 cases of cephalic delivery pregnant women with fetus who had fetal umbilical cord around neck symptom and 220 cases of cephalic delivery pregnant women with fetus who didn't have fetal umbilical cord around neck symptom,were selected to make a contrast observation.ResultsThe foetus who had fetal umbilical cord around neck symptom had higher rate of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia.The maternal cesarean section would be much higher,too.The rate is 18.5％,8.6％,49.6％ which were higher than the foetus who didn't have such kind of symptom,the rate is 5.4％,1.8 ％,26.4％ ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).The rate of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia was proportional to the number of circles around neck.One circle around neck is 12.6％,1.4％ ;two circles around neck is 27.1％,17.0％ ;three and more than 3 circles around neck is 69.2％,53.8％.ConclusionWe should enhance perinatal B-mode ultrasonic examination and fetal monitoring circle around neck,pay close attention to the factor of umbilical cord around neck and select suitable delivery mode so that we can reduce the incidence of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia.When B-mode ultrasonics displays that the number of the umbilical cord around the fetus' neck is three and more than 3 circles,the incidence of neonatal asphyxia is high and the cesarean section is the best choice under such circumstances.

Objective To evaluate the value of three-dimensional(3D) ultrasonic examination in diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Methods Twenty eyes(20 cases) proved as choroidal melanoma pathologically were reviewed retrospectively with their 3D ultrasonic examinations(OTI, Canada) preoperatively. Rotating-cut method in static stage was used to observe and measure the tumor. Results In 3D ultrasonic examination, 18 cases were diagnosed as choroidal melanoma according to tumor shape, choroidal depression, retinal detachment, CTH color change and cavernous phenomena of choroidal melanoma. The consistent rate of 3D ultrasonic examination and pathology was 90%. Conclusions 3D ultrasonic examination was valuable for diagnosis of choroidal melanoma, especially in observing and measuring the tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To seek approach for the protection of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises with immature creativity and to ensure drug accessibility. METHODS: An analysis was performed applying the theory of demand elasticity by comparing the attributes of health right and patent right etc based on TRIPS protocol and the related practice abroad. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: For a developing country, China should give top priority to the short-term urgent needs, such as to meet people's medication demands, followed by meeting the long-term demands, such as to encourage independent intellectual property rights. Hence, drug accessibility-related system in drug patent system should be evolved step by step.

"Four properties" of Chinese herb is the core content of drug property theory.Modern research on function and substantial property of "four property" has poor progress because there has di erent cognitions,ideas and methods.In this paper,main problems of "four property" are expounded through seven aspects,meanwhile,optional ideas and methods are proposed.

According to seven features of compatibility in preface of fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu(Annotation of Materia Medica),Qianjin Yaofang(Valuable Prescriptions for emergencies) and Zhenglei Bencao(Classi ed Materia Medica),the di erences among these three books and the transformation of seven features of compatibility are investigated.The results show that the number of traditional Chinese drugs which are related to seven features of compatibility in these three books is not the same,but the xed number is 197.Before the Song Dynasty,141 traditional Chinese drugs,relating to restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance,were not added in Bencaojing Jizhu,while 55 were added.By making use of Jiayou Bencao(Materia Medica of Jia You Reign),Zhenglei Bencao added 34 traditional Chinese drugs which are related to restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance,in fact 35 traditional Chinese drugs were added.Approximately 10 herbological books,such as Yao Dui and Tang Bencao(Newly-Revised Materia Medica),took part in the spread of seven features of compatibility.The quantity,name,classi cation and content of restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance between Qianjin Yaofang and Zhenglei Bencao are similar,the fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu has great di erence between Qianjin Yaofang and Zhenglei Bencao.The classi cation of seven features of compatibility of traditional Chinese drugs in those three books obey their own systems,among which the fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu adopts the three rank classi cation methods,the others incline to be rationalized and detailed.This research is valuable for compiling the early herbology and discussing the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese drugs.

Objective To explore the association between the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1(TRAF1)/com-plement component 5(C5)single nucleotide polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods Two groups of people were included in the study:300 rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients(RA group)and 300 healthy individuals(control group).Real-time PCR was used to test the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs3761847 and rs10818488 of TRAF1/C5.Results There was no signifi-cant difference (P >0.05)of TRAF1/C5 rs3761847 and rs10818488 polymorphism between the two groups.The linkage disequilib-rium analysis results showed that there was strong linkage disequilibrium between rs3761847 and rs10818488.For the RF,anti-CCP and anti-Sa negative RA patients,the difference in the frequency of A allele of rs3761847 between the RA patients and matched con-trols was statistically significant(P =0.001,OR =0.57,95%CI :0.41 -0.79;P =0.001,OR =0.51,95%CI :0.35 -0.76;P =0.02,OR=0.72,95%CI :0.55-0.94).Significant difference for the frequency of G allele of rs10818488 between RF positive RA patients and control groups was observed(P =0.01,OR=1.40,95%CI :1.09-1.81).Conclusion TRAF1/C5 gene polymorphism may not associate with susceptibility of RA patients in Han population in Guizhou.