Objective:To investigate the effect of different ventilation time in the prone position on patients with endogenous/exogenous ARDS.Methods:30 endogenous/30 exogenous ARDS patients were randomly devided into 4 groups,ventilation in the prone position for 2 h and 4 h.Recording the score of APCHEII,oxygenation index,the absorption situation in X-ray,HR,MAP,extubation time,the time out of ICU.Results:The APCHEII scores HR and MAP in four groups have no significant statistics (P＞0.05);4h ventilation for endogenous ARDS patients has a better indicators than 2 h in oxygenation index,the absorption situation in X-ray,extubation time and the time out of ICU (P＜0.05);2 h and 4 h ventilation for exogenous ARDS patients can improve indicators above,two groups have no significant statistics (P＞0.05),the results of exogenous groups are precede than endogenous group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Ventilation in the prone position can improve the situation of ARDS patients,both endogenous patients and exogenous patients.Exogenous ARDS patients have a better treatment effect after the ventilation of 2h,however,endogenous patients need longer time and have a non-ideal prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the role of B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Akt/GSK-3β) signaling pathway in interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced reduction of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and the relationship with autophagy.Methods:Forty clean-grade healthy male Balb/c mice, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group (group IR), IR plus IL-4 group, and IR plus IL-4 plus Akt inhibitor LY294002 group (IR+ IL-4+ LY group). Cerebral I/R was induced by 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 reperfusion in anesthetized mice.IL-4 compound solution 0.2 ml was intraperitoneally given at 30 min before establishing the model in group IL-4.IL-4 compound solution 0.2 ml was intraperitoneally given at 30 min before establishing the model, and LY294002 15 nmol/kg was simultaneously injected via the tail vein in group IR+ IL-4+ LY.Neurological function was assessed and scored at 24 h of reperfusion, and then animals were sacrificed and brains removed for determination of cerebral infarct size (by TTC assay), cell apoptosis, autophagosome count (with transmission electron microscope), levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (using colorimetric assay), phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 (by Western blot). The apoptosis index and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were calculated. Results:Compared with Sham group, the neurological scores, cerebral infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased, the SOD activity in brain tissues was decreased, levels of MDA and ROS were increased, phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was decreased, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, Beclin-1 expression and autophagosome count were increased in the other three groups ( P<0.05). Compared with IR group, the neurological scores, cerebral infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly decreased, the SOD activity in brain tissues was increased, levels of MDA and ROS were decreased, phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was increased, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, Beclin-1 expression and autophagosome count were decreased in IR+ IL-4 group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in IR+ IL-4+ LY group ( P>0.05). Compared with IR+ IL-4 group, the neurological scores, cerebral infarct size and apoptosis index were significantly increased, the SOD activity in brain tissues was decreased, levels of MDA and ROS were increased, phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β was decreased, and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, Beclin-1 expression and autophagosome count were increased in IR+ IL-4+ LY group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:IL-4 can inhibit cell autophagy through activating Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway and thus reduces cerebral I/R injury in mice.

Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase B∕glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Akt∕GSK-3β) signaling pathway in trichostatin-A (TSA)-induced reduction of cerebral ischemia-reperfu-sion ( I∕R) injury in mice. Methods Forty pathogen-free healthy male Balb∕c mice, weighing 18-22 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group ( S group), I∕R group, TSA group and TSA plus Akt inhibitor LY294002 group (TL group). Cerebral I∕R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion ( 1-h ischemia followed by 24-h reperfusion) . TSA 5 mg∕kg was intraperitoneally injected for 3 consecutive days before establishing the model in TSA group. TSA 5 mg∕kg was intraperitoneally injected for 3 consecutive days before establishing the model, and LY29400215 nmol∕kg was injected via the caudal vein at 30 min before establishing the model. Brain tissues were ob-tained at 24 h of reperfusion for determination of cerebral infarct size ( by TTC ) , activities of superoxidedismutase ( SOD) and reactive oxygen species ( ROS) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content ( by colorimet-ric assay), cell apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), GSK-3βand phosphorylated GSK-3β ( p-GSK-3β) . The apoptosis index and ratios of p-Akt∕Akt and p-GSK-3β∕GSK-3β were calculated. Results Compared with S group, the cerebral infarct size was significantly in-creased, the activity of SOD in brain tissues was decreased, the MDA content and ROS activity in brain tissues and apoptosis index were increased, and the ratios of p-Akt∕Akt and p-GSK-3β∕GSK-3β were de-creased in I∕R group ( P<0. 05) . Compared with I∕R group, the cerebral infarct size was significantly de-creased, the activity of SOD in brain tissues was increased, the MDA content and ROS activity in brain tis-sues and apoptosis index were decreased, and the ratios of p-Akt∕Akt and p-GSK-3β∕GSK-3β were de-creased in TSA group ( P<0. 05) . Compared with TSA group, the cerebral infarct size was significantly in-creased, the activity of SOD in brain tissues was decreased, the MDA content and ROS activity in brain tissues and apoptosis index were increased, and the ratios of p-Akt∕Akt and p-GSK-3β∕GSK-3β were de-creased in TL group ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which TSA attenuates cerebral I∕R injury is related to activating Akt∕GSK-3β signaling pathway in mice.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAS)-cyclic GMP-AMP receptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and ferritinophagy in the early stage of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods:Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 21-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham group, cerebral I/R injury group (CIRI group), cerebral I/R injury + cGAS inhibitor group (CIRI + RU group), and cerebral I/R injury + cGAS inhibitor + overexpressed nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) group (MCAO + RU + LV-NCOA4 group). The model of cerebral I/R injury was developed using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in anesthetized animals.In CIRI+ RU group, cGAS inhibitor 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min before reperfusion.In CIRI+ RU+ LV-NCOA4 group, NCOA4-overexpressing lentivirus (1×10 9 TU/ml) 2 μl was injected into the ventricle at 7 days before MCAO, and the other operations were the same as those previously described in CIRI+ RU group.After 6 h of reperfusion, the neurological function deficits were assessed and scored, then the mice were sacrificed, and brains were removed for determination of the cerebral infarct size (by TTC method), MDA content (by TBA method), activity of SOD (by WST-1 method), and expression of cGAS, STING, NCOA4, ferritin, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the neurological function deficit score and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased, SOD activity was decreased, MDA content was increased, the expression of cGAS, STING, NCOA4 and LC3B was up-regulated, and the expression of ferritin was down-regulated in CIRI group ( P<0.05). Compared with CIRI group, the neurological function deficit score and cerebral infarct size were significantly decreased, SOD activity was increased, MDA content was decreased, the expression of cGAS, STING, NCOA4 and LC3B was down-regulated, and the expression of ferritin was up-regulated in CIRI+ RU group ( P<0.05). Compared with CIRI+ RU group, the neurological function deficit score and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased, SOD activity was decreased, MDA content was increased, the expression of cGAS, STING, NCOA4 and LC3B was up-regulated, and the expression of ferritin was down-regulated in CIRI group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of cGAS and STING in CIRI+ RU+ LV-NCOA4 group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The cGAS-STING signaling pathway can promote the over-activation of ferritinophagy, enhance oxidative stress, and thus induce early CIRI in mice.

Objective : To analyze and discuss the effect of 4 different surface treatment methods on the bonding effect between polymerization porcelain and metal bracket s. Methods: 45 polymer-ceramics specimens were made and 40 of them were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups according to different surface treatment methods. A group:surface without special treatment. B group: 9.6% hydrofluoric acid gel combine with bonding agent, C group: 9.6% hydrofluoric acid gel combine with silane, D group: 35％ phosphoric acid gel combine with bonding agent, E group: 35％ phosphoric acid gel combine with silane. All specimens were stored in water for 24 hours at 37 ℃ after bonding 10 min utes and then cycled 500 cycles (5 ℃ to 55 ℃). To measure the shear bonding strength and record the damage cases and the adhesive remnant index. Results : The shear strength values were: 3.24 in the control group, 7.24 MPa in the hydrofluoric acid etching treatment group. 10.78 MPa in the hydrofluoric acid gel combined with silane group. 4.17 MPa in the phosphoric acid-only group, 6.84 MPa in the phosphoric acid gel combined with silane group. The results of each group were statistically different from those of the other four groups (P < 0.001). The rate of breakage after the removal of brackets of the hydrofluoric acid gel combined with silane group is higher than the others. Conclusion As to the high shear bonding strength and low rate of breakage after the removal of brackets, we recommend 35% phosphoric acid etching combining with silane coupling agent in clinical.