Objective To investigate the changes of saliva biochemical parameters in the dynamic evolution of “normal constitution - kidney deficiency constitution - kidney deficiency syndrome”.Methods Totally 24 male and female SD rats of 3 months old (12 male rats and 12 female rats) were put in packet pair cage. Pregnant rats were randomly divided intoⅠ andⅡ groups, 6 rats in each group.Ⅰ group was without intimidation during pregnancy, with normal feeding, and then after the birth, 20 rats were randomly selected as normal control group and kidney deficiency syndrome model group, 10 rats in each group, half male and half female.Ⅱ group, from gestation day 2, was given intimidation until postnatal. 10 half male and half female rats were randomly selected as model group of kidney deficiency constitution. Rats in each group received normal feeding conditions for 6 weeks. The kidney deficiency syndrome model group was given intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone 25 mg/kg body weight every day, while normal control group and kidney deficiency constitution model group were injected with the same amount of normal saline for 10 consecutive days. The changes of salivary biochemical parameters were observed in each group of rats.Results Compared with the normal control group, salivary pH in the kidney deficiency constitution group and kidney deficiency syndrome group significantly increased (P<0.01). CK, ALT, AST, ALP levels in the kidney deficiency constitution group were reduced, but the contents of K, P, TP, AMY increased. The levels of CK, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the kidney deficiency syndrome decreased, while the contents of K, P, TP, and AMY increased (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with the kidney deficiency constitution group, the content of LDH in the kidney deficiency syndrome group decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion Rat saliva composition changes did occur in the kidney deficiency constitution group and kidney deficiency syndrome group.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the prevalence of caries among children and adolescents in China, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and intervention of caries among children and adolescents. Methods: Literature on caries among children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years was collected through SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science published from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using R 4.4.0 software. Literature were excluded one by one for sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and Begg rank correlation test. Results: Totally 561 publications were retrieved, and 26 eligible literature were enrolled in the final analysis. The survey period spanned from 2020 to 2023. The survey sites for 14, 4 and 8 eligible literature were eastern, central and western regions, respectively. A total of 95 594 individuals were included, with 45 004 cases of caries. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of caries among children and adolescents was 48.11% (95%CI: 41.58%-54.65%). Subgroup analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of dental caries across different genders, regions, educational stages, urban-rural areas, and regional economic levels (all P＞0.05). After sequentially excluding publications, the prevalence of caries ranged from 41.58% to 54.65%, indicating that the research results were relatively stable. Begg rank correlation test and Egger's test indicated no publication bias (all P＞0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of caries among children and adolescents in China ranged from 41.58% to 54.65% from 2020 to 2023.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for determining the contents of lobetyolin and gallic acid in Eighteen Flavors Dangshen Pill(EFDSP) produced by different factories.Methods The HPLC analysis was performed on a VP-DOS C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm).The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.4% glacial acetic acid(21∶79) in the determination of lobetyolin content.The detection wavelength was 267 nm and the flow velocity was 1 mL/min.the column temperature was25 ℃ and the sample size was10 μL.The mobile phase was methanol and 0.4% glacial acetic acid(1∶99) in the determination of gallic acid content.The detection wavelength was 280 nm.The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the sample size was 10μL.Results The contents of lobetyolin and gallic acid in EFDSP were 1.0835mg·g-1and 15.334 0 mg/g for Qinghai Gela Dandong Tibetan Pharmaceutical Factory;0.628 9 mg/g and 15.159 5 mg/g for Changdu Tibet Medicine Factory;0.306 5 mg/g and 8.762 7 mg/g for Tibetan Hospital of Tibet.Conclusion This method has the advantages of good reproducibility,good accuracy,simple and fast operation.The contents of lobetyolin and gallic acid in EFDSP produced by different manufacturers are significantly different.The gallic acid content has greater difference.It provides the reference for quality control of EFDSP

Objective To systematically review the clinical effect of music therapy in patients with insomnia. Methods PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP were searched for related articles published up to December 3 2021,and literature screening and data extraction were performed strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were used for data analysis and evaluation. Results A total of 20 randomized controlled trial articles were included,with 1378 patients in total, among whom there were 704 patients in the experimental group and 703 patients in the control group. The meta-analysis showed that music therapy effectively improved the symptoms of patients with insomnia,with significant differences in clinical response rate (risk ratio=1.66,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.35-2.05,P<0.001),PSQI score (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-1.10,95%CI -1.57 to-0.63,P<0.001),and ISI score (WMD=-0.30,95%CI -0.76 to -0.15,P=0.19). Conclusion Music therapy has obvious advantages and therapeutic significance in the clinical observation of patients with insomnia. Clinical response rate and PSQI score are mainly selected as outcome measures in most articles,and therefore,more sleep indicators can be used for outcome observation.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results and prognostic factors in 582 nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) patients treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT ) . Methods 582 newly diagnosed NPC patients treated by IMRT in Sichuan cancer hospital from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2004were reviewed. According to 2002UICC staging system, there were 36 stage Ⅰ , 144 stage Ⅱ , 224 stage Ⅲ, 178 stage Ⅳa. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate.Acute and late toxicities were graded according to the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) radiation morbidity scoring criteria. Results The follow up rate was 93.5％. The 5-year local control, regional control, distant metastasis-free survival, disease free survival, disease specific survival and overall survival rate was 89. 8％,95. 2％, 74. 1％, 69.6％, 83.2％ and 77. 1％. There were 29, 13 and 117 patients who had developed local, regional and distant recurrence respectively. The incidence of grade 3 acute ( salivary gland、 oral mucosa and skin) and late toxicity was 44. 5％ and 4. 2％. No grade 4 acute and late toxicity reaction was found. Multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage, N stage, radiotherapy interruption, age, HGB and weight loss were the independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. ConclusionsNPC treated with IMRT could get good long-term survival with high quality of life. The clinical stage and N stage were the main prognostic factors for the overall survival. The acute and late toxicities were mainly grade 1 and 2.Distant metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure.

Objective To investigate the value of "one-stop" scanning of coronary and head and neck CTA in patients with normal body mass index (18 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) using low tube voltage (80 kVp).Methods In a retrospective analysis 80 patients with normal body mass index who had completed "one-stop" scanning of coronary and head and neck CTA were divided into A and B groups according to different scanning method,and 40 consecutive cases were selected in each group.Scanning parameters of group A and group B were tube voltage 80 kV,coronary CTA tube current 550 mA,head and neck CTA tube current 500 mA,and tube voltage 100 kV,coronary CTA tube current 450 mA,head and neck CTA tube current 400 mA separately.Subjective evaluation and objective evaluation were performed on the image quality of the two groups.CT values of coronary artery and head and neck CTA trunk branch vessel,contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR),image noise (SD) and effective dose between the two groups were compared.Results The image quality of both groups met the diagnostic requirements,and there was no statistically significant difference in subjective scores between two groups (P＞0.05).The CT values of coronary arteries,the main branches of the head and neck (the common carotid artery,the internal carotid artery) and SD of head and neck CTA were significantly different between two groups (t=4.737,6.552,3.359,2.165,2.685,4.617,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in SD of coronary CTA,CT values and CNR between head and neck vessels (middle cerebral artery) in group A and group B (P＞0.05).The effective dose of coronary CTA in group A (1.16±0.20) mSy was reduced by 51.1％ than that in group B (2.37±0.77) mSv.The effective dose of head and neck CTA in group A (0.37±0.03) mSv was reduced by 47.9％ than that in group B (0.71 ± 0.17) mSv.Conclusions The image quality with subjective evaluation met the diagnostic requirements when using a low-tube voltage for "one-stop"scanning of coronary and head and neck CTA.The CNR values were basically consistent with the conventional scanning method,and the patient effective dose was reduced by about 50％.

Objective:To investigate the consistency of myocardial extracellular volume between systole and diastole using dual-layer detector spectral CT.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. Thirty-five patients who underwent cardiac spectral CT examination in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2022 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. Hematocrit was collected within 3 days before the CT scan. The delayed phases holographic spectral images in systole (45%) and diastole (75%) were obtained using dual-layer spectral CT. CT data were processed using a spectral post-processing workstation, and the extracellular volume (ECV) based on iodine density images, referred as CT-ECV, in systolic and diastolic phases were calculated, respectively. According to the American Heart Association′s 16-segment model of left ventricular, the standard short-axis images were constructed, and the myocardium was standardized into 16 segments at the basal, mid-cavity, and apical levels of the left ventricle. Two radiologists performed a subjective evaluation in the image quality of the CT-ECV images of the whole heart and the three sections in systole and diastole using a "five-point" scale. The ECV of the 16 segments and the whole heart in systole and diastole was calculated. The consistency of subjective evaluations between systole and diastole was assessed using Kappa statistics. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the differences in scores between systole and diastole. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the differences in CT-ECV scores between systole and diastole. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to test the intra-and inter-observer consistency of CT-ECV measurements between two radiologists. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:There was good agreement between the two radiologists on subjective scores of CT-ECV image quality between systole and diastole ( Kappa>0.80), and there was no statistical difference in image quality among the basal, mid-cavity, and apical levels of the left ventricle and whole heart between systole and diastole ( P>0.05). The systolic and diastolic CT-ECV for the entire heart obtained through the delay phase were (33.29±3.46)% and (33.50±3.39)%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( t=-0.78, P=0.442). CT-ECV in systole and diastole were (34.15±3.94)% and (35.30±3.99)% for segment 8, (34.03±3.76)% and (35.46±3.74)% for segment 9, and (33.98±3.32)% and (35.05±3.98)% for segment 14, respectively. The mean values of the systolic CT-ECV of segments 8, 9 and 14 were significantly lower than those of diastolic CT-ECV ( t=-2.65, -3.26, -2.42, P=0.012, 0.003, 0.022, respectively). The ICCs for CT-ECV measurements of 16 segments by the two radiologists were greater than 0.90 in both systolic and diastolic, indicating good agreement. Conclusions:There is no significant difference in whole heart CT-ECV values between systolic and diastolic myocardial ECV based on dual-layer spectral CT. However, minor differences (less than 2%) are found between systolic and diastolic myocardial CT-ECV for some segments. Myocardial CT-ECV measurement should be performed on the same segment during the same phase to obtain stable and accurate ECV values.

Objective To explore the associations between vitamin D receptor ( VDR) Fok- Ⅰ and Apa- Ⅰ polymorphisms and myasthenia gravis (MG) in Chinese Han population.Methods Polymorphisms of VDR Fok- Ⅰ and Apa-Ⅰ were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.The frequencies of genotypes and hyplotypes were compared among 286 normal controls and 267 MG patients in different subgroups classified by gender,age of onset,presence of thymoma,and Osserman classification sat maximal severity in the follow-up.The association between the genotypes and maximal severity of MG and short-term glucocorticoid treatment were also investigated.Results There were no significant differences in frequencies of genotypes and hyplotypes of both Fok-Ⅰ and Apa-Ⅰ between MG group and control group,and among subgroups of MG.The Fok- Ⅰ showed no statistical difference between the patients with better and less improvement after short-term treatment of glucocorticoid.The frequency of Apa-Ⅰ alleles in the patients with better improvement (55/186,29.6% ) significantly differed from the less improved group ( 7/48,14.6%,OR = 2.46,95% CI 1.04-10.43,x2 = 4.400,P = 0.036).The patients with the genotype A A/Aa were more likely to improve better after the treatment(48/93,51.6%) than in the worse group(7/24,29.2%,OR =2.59,95% CI 0.98-14.60,x2 =3.858,P= 0.049).Conclusions Alleles and genotypes of VDR-Fok- Ⅰ and Apa-Ⅰ were not found to be related with MG onset and severity.MG patients with VDR-Apa-A allele may have better improvement short-term treatment of glucocorticoid.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a multi-dimensional peripheral quick contrast sensitivity function (pqCSF) measurement established based on Bayesian probability estimation algorithm.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Nineteen eyes of 12 healthy emmetropic subjects in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2017 to March 2018 were included, with an average age of (22.92±2.91) years.The average spherical power and cylindrical power were (-0.34±0.52)D and (-0.30±0.42)D, respectively, and the average uncorrected vision acuity was≥1.0.Based on the Bayesian probability algorithm, the peak contrast sensitivity γ max, the peak spatial frequency ? max, the bandwidth β and the low contrast intercept δ were used to quickly describe the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) curve of the full spatial frequency through multi-dimensional pqCSF method.The 16 peripheral visual field positions of all subjects were tested at 6°, 12°, 18° and 24° eccentricity of the superior, inferior, the temporal and nasal visual field by the pqCSF method, but the 18° eccentricity of temporal field, which was near the physiological blind spot, was excluded.The area under Log CSF (AULCSF) of different peripheral visual fields and the Log CSF of 19 spatial frequencies (distributed at equal intervals in logarithmic units) were compared.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University (No.2018KYPJ017). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any examination. Results:With the increase of eccentricity in different visual fields, the AULCSF decreased gradually, and there were significant differences in AULCSF between different eccentricities (all at P<0.05). The AULCSF of the nasal and temporal visual field at 6°, 12° and 24° eccentricity was significantly larger than that of the superior and inferior visual field (all at P<0.05). As the distance from the fovea was increased, the pqCSF, the AULCSF, and the high-frequency cutoff were all decreased, and the standard deviation of AULCSF was increased gradually. Conclusions:The pqCSF method can depict a relatively complete peripheral CSF curve of a wide peripheral visual field, and reflect the function quality of the peripheral vision comprehensively and accurately.

Objective:To investigate the current application of colonoscopy at hospitals in China.Methods:From November 2019 to January 2020, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among gastroenterologists and colonoscopists in hospitals of different levels. The contents of questionnaire survey included basic information of colonoscopy at the respondent′s hospital, protocols and patient education of bowel preparation, implementation of colonoscopy quality control, and colonoscopists′ understanding of polypectomy techniques and post-polypectomy follow-up.Results:A total of 236 valid questionnaires were collected, involving 187 hospitals, and 143 (76.5%) had an annual operation capacity of more than 5 000 cases. In terms of bowel preparation, split-dosed polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder (PEG) was the most commonly used (60.4%, 113/187) and the most common volume of PEG was 3 L (67.4%, 126/187). Verbal (90.9%, 170/187) and written (79.7%, 149/187) instructions were given more often than other methods for patient education of bowel preparation. Antifoaming agent was routinely used in 124 (66.3%) hospitals. In terms of quality control, only 11.5% (20/174) hospitals implemented all four measures. In terms of polypectomy techniques, 98.1% (203/207) colonoscopists chose hot snare polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection for lesions of diameter>1 cm, while options varied for lesions of diameter<1 cm. The interval of follow-up after polypectomy recommended by colonoscopists was shorter than that by guidelines.Conclusion:Several problems are found in the survey in the application of colonoscopy in China, i. e., patient education of bowel preparation is not diversified; quality control of colonoscopy still needs to be strengthened; polypectomy techniques and follow-up after polypectomy need to be further standardized.