Objective: To explore the relationship between the PTCH1 mutation and the expression of bcl-2, filaggrin, and loricrin in the keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT), as well as the effects of the mutated PTCH1 on the epithelial proliferation and differentiation.Methods: The samples were collected from 20 cases of KCOT with mutated PTCH1, as well as 20 cases without mutation.All the samples were analyzed with immunohistochemical staining, for the purpose of investigating the expression of bcl-2, filaggrin, and loricrin.Results: In the samples with mutated PTCH1, the epithelia of 60% (12/20) cases expressed intensively positive bcl-2 staining, 20% (4/20) expressed moderate staining, and 20% (4/20) weak staining, but no negative bcl-2 staining samples were investigated;it was significantly different from the samples without PTCH1 mutation, in which 20% (4/20) expressed intensive staining, no moderate staining, 50% (10/20) weak staining, and 30% (6/20) negative staining were investigated (U=72, P=0.001).For the expression of filaggrin, 55% (11/20) of samples with PTCH1 mutations were stained weakly and 45% (9/20) showed negative staining, while in the samples not harboring PTCH1 mutations, 30% (6/20) cases showed moderate positive staining, 40% (8/20) weak staining and 30% (6/20) negative staining, no intensive staining was investigated (U=182, P=0.48).The loricrin expressed in all the layer of the epithelia in all the samples, while the filaggrin was mainly loca-lized within 1-4 layer cells of the epithelia.The differences of the expression of filaggrin and loricrin between the samples with mutated PTCH1 and without mutated PTCH1 displayed no significance.Conclusion: In the epithelia of KCOT, the bcl-2 expression was significantly associated with the PTCH1 mutation, which suggested that the mutated PTCH1 gene perhaps promotes the proliferation of KCOT epithelium.

Objective To investigate the remineralization effects of the Aominqing dental desensitizer and the fluoride dentifrice on the demineralized enamels. Methods Sixty-three teeth were randomly divided into three groups after demineralization , then was remineralized for eight days by using Aominqing dental desensitizer, fluoride dentifrice (1.1 g/L), and deionized water, respectively. The thin sections of teeth were analyzed under the con-focal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The morphology of the surface of teeth was observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results Under CLSM, the evaluation parameter area of the fluorescent lesion (A,μm2) processed by Aominqing and by fluoride was (3.19 ± 0.19) × 104, (3.61 ± 0.26) × 104 μm2, respectively. The total fluorescence (TF) was (0.61 ± 0.09) × 106, (0.89 ± 0.15) × 106, average fluorescent of the lesion(AF) was (18.98 ± 1.56), (24.65 ± 2.39), and the above parameters were all less than those in the blank control group [A=(4.89 ± 0.24) × 104 μm2,TF=(1.78 ± 0.21) × 106, AF = 36.29 ± 2.57] (P < 0.01). The evaluation parameters in the Aominqing group were less than those in the fluoride dentifrice group(P < 0.05). Under SEM, the surface of the group processed by Aominqing was the smoothest, compared to the fluoride dentifrice group and the blank control group. Conclusions Both Aominqing dental desensitizer and fluoride dentifrice (1.1 g/L) have the remineralization effects on the demineralized enamels, and the former has a stronger effect.

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Hedyotis diffusa is an antioxidant, antibacterial Chinese herbal medicine which has anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, enhance the effect of nonspecific immunity and protection of the nervous system. Clinical application shows thatHedyotis diffusa has good efficacy on treatment of malignant tumors and inflammatory diseases. Referred to some papers published at home and abroad, this paper summarized from the aspects of active ingredient and antitumor effect. Results showes that its anti-tumor effect exactly, anti-tumor mechanism may be associated with a variety of molecular mechanisms, which remains to be further in-depth study.

BACKGROUND:Resin infiltration is a novel approach in treating non-cavitated caries lesions on smooth surfaces, and the effectiveness comparison between resin infiltration and remineralizing therapy is required.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of resin infiltration and remineralizing therapy on inhibition of non-cavitated lesions in vitro.
METHODS:Three subsurface lesions were created on 35 bovine labial specimens. One of the lesions was permeated with Icon? infiltrant, one was applied by 0.1%NaF solution daily for 7 consecutive days, whereas one lesion remained as the untreated control. Subsequently, half of each specimen was covered with nail varnish
(baseline) and the other half was re-exposed to a demineralizing solution for 5 days (experimental). The specimens were cut perpendicularly to the surface, stained with Rhodamine B and observed with fluorescence microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For lesions permeated with Icon? infiltrant and applied by 0.1%NaF solution, the progression of lesion depth was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the untreated control. Lesions permeated with Icon? infiltrant got more significantly reduced lesion progression (P<0.05) compared with the ones applied by 0.1%NaF solution. It can be concluded that both resin infiltration and remineralizing therapy have active effects on inhibition of non-cavitated lesions, and fil ing the pores with Icon? infiltrant can inhibit further demineralization even better.

Objective: To assess the trend of early beta receptor blocker (β-blocker) application (with 24h of admission) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in western rural China from 2001 to 2011. Methods: A 2-stage random sampling design was performed. The 1st stage: a simple random sampling was used to identify participating hospitals and the 2nd stage: a systematic random sampling approach was conducted in 3 specific years of 2001, 2006 and 2011 to take case study for central medical information abstraction. The changing trends and impact factors of early β-blocker application for AMI patients in western rural area were assessed by multivariate model analysis. Results: 35 hospitals were sampled and 33 of them were finally participated. With necessary exclusion, a total of 486 AMI patients without β-blocker contraindication were enrolled for 2 groups: Suitable group, the patients were suitable for early β-blocker application, n=247 and High risk group, the patients with the high risk for shock occurrence, n=239. The application rates for β-blocker within 24h of admission at 2001, 2006 and 2011 in Suitable group were 19.06%, 54.30% and 56.20%, Ptrend=0.0020; in High risk group were 31.53%, 59.49% and 69.62%, Ptrend=0.0001. In Suitable group, the patients with history of hypertension (OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06-3.29), smoking (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.11-3.48) or admitted in 2006 (OR=2.93, 95% CI 1.22-7.03) and 2011(OR=4.67, 95% CI 2.06-10.59) had the higher chance to use β-blocker within 24h of admission. Conclusion: Application of β-blocker within 24h of admission in AMI patients presented the increasing trend in western rural China from 2001 to 2011, while there was still difference from the guideline recommendation. Improved normative application of β-blocker is helpful to enhance the quality of care and prognosis in AMI patients.

Objectives: To study the changes of blood levels of soluble semaphorin 4D (sSema4D) and matrix metalloproteinases-14 (MMP-14);to explore the correlation between sSema4D and ventricular remodeling in patients of dilated cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure.
Methods: Our research included in 2 groups:Dilated cardiomyopathy group, n=86 patients and Control group, n=32 healthy subjects. Blood levels of sSema4D, MMP14, Pro-BNP and hs-CRP were examined by ELISA. Left atrial diameter (LAD), right ventricular diameter (RVD), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured by echocardiography. Correlation analysis between blood levels of sSema4D, MMP-14 and the parameters for left ventricular remodeling was conducted.
Results: Blood levels of sSema4D and MMP14 were different between 2 groups, P<0.005. In Dilated cardiomyopathy group, sSema4D level was positively related to MMP-14 and LVEDD (r=0.462, P=0.001 and r=0.643, P<0.001) respectively.
Conclusion: Serum level of sSema4D might be related to ventricular remodeling in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy which could be used as risk factor for predicting the prognosis of heart failure in relevant patients.

Objective: We primarily aimed to investigate the attention network function among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using the Attention Network Test (ANT). The secondary objective was to observe whether the three attention networks of all participants were related to each other. Methods: We included 28 parents of children with ASD and 28 well-matched parents of typically developing children. All participants underwent the neuropsychological assessment and ANT test. The three distinct attention networks, including alerting, orienting, and executive control, were also measured. Results: Compared with controls, parents of children with ASD showed less-efficient alerting and executive control network (all p<0.05), but not orienting network (p=0.74). No significant correlation was found between the alerting, orienting, and executive control network for either group. Conclusion Our findings showed that parents of children with ASD had deficits in alerting and executive control attention functions. The deficits are indications of a broad autism phenotype.

OBJECTIVETo explore the reasonable therapeutic strategy for different types of epicanthus.

METHODSPatients with epicanthus were classificated according to the shape, extent and inner canthal distance and treated with different methods appropriately. Modified asymmetric Z plasty with two curve method was used in lower eyelid type epicanthus, inner canthus type epicanthus and severe upper eyelid type epicanthus. Moderate upper epicanthus underwent '-' shape method. Mild Upper epicanthus in two conditions which underwent nasal augumentation and double eyelid formation with normal inner canthal distance need no correction surgery. The other mild epicanthus underwent '-' shape method.

RESULTSA total of 66 cases underwent the classification and the appropriate treatment. All wounds healed well. During 3 to 12 months follow-up period, all epicanthus were corrected completely with natural contour and unconspicuous scars. All patients were satisfied with the results.

CONCLUSIONSClassification of epicanthus hosed on the shape, extent and inner canthal distance and correction with appropriate methods is a reasonable therapeutic strategy.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of Minqing Ao dental desensitizer in the treatment of early childhood caries (ECC).Methods:41 0 teeth with ECC in 1 1 0 cases were divided into 3 groups.Minqing Ao dental desensitizer,fluoride toothpaste and ordinary toothpaste without fluoride were respectively used in group A,B and C.The laser fluorescence value(LFV)was meas-ured and compared before treatment,2,4,6 weeks and 6 months after treatment.Results:2 weeks after treatment,the LFV was not significantly changed in the 3 groups.4 weeks after treatment LFV in group A was decreased(P<0.01 ),the LFV in group A was lower than that in group B(P<0.05)and in group C(P<0.01 ).While there was no significant difference between group B and C(P>0.05).6 weeks after treatment LFV in group A and B was decreased(P<0.01 and P<0.05),there was significant difference be-tween each 2 groups(P<0.05).6 weeks and 6 months after treatment LFV in group A was lower than that in group B(P<0.01 ),and in group B was lower than that in group C(P<0.01 ).Conclusion:Minqing Ao is effective for treatment of early childhood caries.