At 4Hz and 16Hz temporal frequencies and at a range of 3—37.8 cycles per degree (cpd) of spatial frequency which were divide into 12 grades, an instrument with a flickering sinusoid grate was used to measure the laser retina-visual cortex spatiotemporal visual modulation transfer function (S-TMTF) in patients with glaucoma. There were 34 cases (65 eyes) with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 18 cases (31 eyes) with moderate or late glaucoma and 19 cases (37 eyes) with suspect glaucoma (SG). In 6 months. 16 patients of SG were followed. The results showed that in patients with early POAG, abnormal S-TMTF values might occur in low frequency region, the abnormal values tended to be general in the middle frequency region, and in the high frequency region all the S-TMTF values were significantly lower than that of the control. In cases with SG, lowering of S-TMTF was seen in many frequency points above 9.5 cpd, but did not found in regions below 9.5 cpd. The S-TMTF values at 16 Hz were lower than that at 4 Hz in each corresponding spatial frequency, and with aggravation of the disease, the greatest discrepancy value appeared to be shifting from high to low frequency points. In the follow-up period, an early glaucomatous visual field change occurred in a female case with ocular hypertension. It is demonstrated that the S-TMTF value is of high sensitivity for diagnosis of POAG, but it is difficult to screen the specific diagnostic frequency point and its critical value.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Qingpeng ointment,a topical Tibetan medicine,on induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) in mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods An ICD model was developed in 180 seven-week-old BALB/c mice by applying sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS,10％ in distilled water) on shaved backs,and the mice were then equally divided into 5 groups to remain untreated (model control),be treated with 100％,75％,50％ Qingpeng ointment and vehicle of the ointment (vehicle control),respectively,for 11 days.Thirty-six mice receiving no irritation or treatment served as the blank control.At day 8 and 12 after the beginning of treatment,drill biopsy specimens were gained from induced lesions of these mice and subjected to the measurement of skin thickness and weight,observation of histopathological changes with hematoxylin and eosin staining,and calculation of inflammatory cells infiltrating the dermis; blood samples were also obtained,and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the expression level of interleukin (IL)-2,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in sera and homogenates of skin lesions.Results Compared with the model control and vehicle control mice,those treated with 100％ Qingpeng ointment showed an attenuated inflammation and swelling,together with a decreased neutrophil skin infiltration.At day 12,the levels of IL-2,TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly lower in the sera ( (5.55 ± 0.33) vs.(6.41 ± 0.96) and (6.25 ± 0.92) pg/ml,(70.88 ± 1.55 )vs.(76.67 ± 1.14) and (76.95 ± 1.08) pg/ml,(76.99 ± 1.85) vs.(82.20 ± 2.36) and (81.76 ± 3.19) pg/ml,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05) and homogenates of skin lesions ((17.75 ± 0.97) vs.(23.92 ± 0.82) and (23.11 ± 0.82) pg/ml,(66.95 ± 3.58) vs.(70.66 ± 2.68) and (71.17 ± 3.30) pg/ml,(46.85 ± 2.43) vs.(55.14 ± 2.68) and (53.55 ± 3.24) pg/ml.all P ＜ 0.05) in mice treated with 100％ Qingpeng ointment than those in the model control and vehicle control groups.Conclusion The 100％ Qingpeng ointment can suppress the inflammatory response in experimental ICD in mice,with a decrease in the level of IL-2,TNF-α and IFN-γ in sera and skin lesions.

Objective To investigate the effect of a topical Tibetan medicine,Qingpeng ointment,on atopic dermatitis in mice and its possible mechanisms.Methods A model of atopic dermatitis was established in 180 7-week-old BALB/c mice by repeatedly applying 100 μl of 0.15％ 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to shaved ventral skin and 50 μl of 0.15％ DNFB to shaved dorsal skin.After the establishment of model,the mice were divided into 5 groups,i.e.,model group receiving no treatment,three Qingpeng groups treated with 100％,75％ and 50％ Qingpeng ointment respectively,vehicle control group treated with the vehicle of Qingpeng ointment.Thirty-six mice receiving neither DNFB sensitization nor Qingpeng ointment or vehicle treatment served as the blank control group.The treatment lasted 14 days.On day 8 and 15,serum samples and dorsal skin tissue samples were obtained from these mice.Skin samples underwent the measurement of thickness and weightness,observation of histopathological changes by using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,enumeration of inflammatory cells infiltrating the dermis.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to determine the levels of several cytokines,including interleukin (IL)-2,-4 and-5,interferon (IFN)-γ,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,in the sera and homogenate of the skin samples.Results All the 3 concentrations of Qingpeng ointment significantly inhibited skin inflammation induced by DNFB on day 8 and 15,with a decrease in the degree of edema and number of lymphocytes infiltrating the dermis.Compared with the model mice and vehicle-treated mice,those treated with 100％ and 75％ Qingpeng ointment showed a significantly lower level of IL-4 and IL-5 in both sera and homogenates of skin lesions on day 8 and 15 after the start of treatment (all P ＜0.05).On day 15,a statistical increase was observed in IL-2,IFN-γand TNF-α in sera as well as in IFN-γ and TNF-α in homogenates of skin lesions from mice treated with 100％ Qingpeng ointment compared with the model mice and vehicle control mice (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Qingpeng ointment can inhibit the inflammation in mouse model of atopic dermatitis,likely by modulating the balance between type 1 and type 2 T helper cells.

[Objective] The article summarized and discussed professor Li Qiyi's experience in treating coronary heart disease. [Methods] Discuss the experience of professor Li Qiyi in treating coronary heart disease from cause of disease, pthogenesis, combination of syndrome diferentiation and disease and so on. [Results] The pathogenesis of coronary heart disease is“deficiency of both qi and Yin, blockage of phlegm and blood stasis”. Professor Li Qiyi advocated we should combinate both syndrome diferentiation and disease according to the cause of disease and pthogenesis. Professor Li Qiyi often uses“Guanxinping”as basic decoction treatment in clinic and it can have excellent cure effect. [Conclusion] Professor Li Qiyi takes both Tongbi tonic and application of comprehensive therapy to tonify“qi and Yin”and eliminate phlegm and blood stasis which can have good cure effect . This method can relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients of coronary heart disease and delay the progress of the disease and then the patients can live a better life.

Objective: To measure the equalization of urban and rural essential medical services in Ningxia. Methods: To apply the Theil Index and its decomposition by using population as the weight and the distance as the weight of index of essential medical resource allocation. Results: Significant difference was found in urban and rural essential medical service in Ningxia, the contribution rate among regional differences was high. Conclusion: Non equivalence of essential medical service is serious between urban and rural areas in Ningxia. It is suggested to improve the quality of the rural medical staffs, implement the training and qualification appraisal system, set up a remote consultation system to increase the medical resource sharing, implement medical and health care policies and open essential medical function of essential medical services.

BACKGROUND:Physical structure and inorganic composition of composite calcium phosphate bone implants are similar to human bone, and the implants have good bioabsorbable ability and biocompatibility. Studies have confirmed that Dipsacus powder can significantly improve the speed of bone defect repair.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Dipsacus asperoides/composite calsium phosphate bone implant material in the repair of bone defects.
METHODS:Bone defects of 1.0 cm×0.5 cm×0.3 cm were made on the bilateral mandibular bodies. The right side was implanted with Dipsacus asperoides/composite calsium phosphate bone implant as experimental group and the left side implanted with calcium phosphate bone material served as control group. Samples were col ected at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation for gross observation, cone beam CT, scanning electron microscope observation and histological observation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Gross observation:the osteogenic speed, degradation rate and hardness in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. (2) Cone beam CT detection:the implant in the experimental group was more tightly integrated with the surrounding tissues than that in the control group, and the degradation speed in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. (3) Scanning electron microscope observation:there were many fibrous connective tissues between the implants and the surrounding tissues in the two groups, which was more obvious in the experimental group than the control group. With time gone, the implants were combined with the surrounding tissues more tightly. (4) Histological observation:the osteogenic speed and activity in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group. These findings indicate that Dipsacus asperoides combined with composite calcium phosphate bone implant can accelerate bone repair.

With the population ageing, the number of elderly patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD)is increasing, and the proportion of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis is also increasing year by year.The elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis are susceptible to frailty due to the comorbidities, polypharmacy, chronic inflammation, malnutrition and other factors.In addition, frailty can lead to a variety of adverse prognosis such as falls, fractures, cognitive decline, all-cause hospital readmissions and all-cause death in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Objective To establish and evaluate a new mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)-primary ACD mouse model.Methods To establish classical ACD mouse model,mice were sensitized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB)on day 1 and elicited with DNFB on day 6,and primary ACD mouse model was built by painting Of 10 μL 0.2%DNFB once on the ear.Mice were kilied 24 hours after the elicitation in classical model group and 6 days after the sensitization in primary model group;skin specimens were obtained from the right ear of these mice.Ear swelling after painting was used as clinical index.ELISA and real time RT-PCR were performed to measure the expression of IL-2,IFN-γ and IL-4 in these specimens.Local lymph node assay was carried out and flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in local lymph nodes.Results Ear swelling respouse was observed 6 days after ear challenge with DNFB in primary ACD,which was the same as the time interval from back elicitation to occurrence of ear inflammation in classical ACD.Kinetics of the inflammatory response to DNFB during primary ACD Wag similar to that during classical ACD.In both models,the ear tissues were mainly infiltrated by mononuclear cells;a significant increase was observed in the tissue levels of IL-2 and INF-γ as well as in the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes in local lymph nodes;while there were no significant changes in the level of IL-4,compared with the normal control mice.Conclusions Similar to classical ACD,Thl type cell-mediated immune responses were reproduccd in primary ACD mousc model,and each model can take the place of the other in comparative research.

Objective To investigate the stability of control preparation of blood cells after un-sealing. Methods One vial of red blood cell control preparation was aliquoted in fifteen round bottom centrifuge tube with covers stored at 2-8 "C. Aliquots were tested respectively in modes of whole blood and pre-dilution each day. The test results were filled in the quality control chart. The quality control i- tems included hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume (MCV), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBC) ,red blood cells (RBC) and platelets (PLT). The stability of the blood cell control preparation was also dynamically observed for 15 days with a non-aliquot standard preparation. Results There were no significant differences in the test results among the aliquots tested from day 1 to day 15. The PLT count was significantly increased for the non-aliquoted vial on day 7 (P<0.05). The coefficientvariation (CV) of test results for pre-dilution specimens was 1.3 to 5.5 times as that for whole blood specimens. Conclusion The aliquots of blood cell control materials has the potential to remain viable for at least 15 days under the temperature of 2 ℃-8℃. The whole blood dilution method has preferable reproducibility and accuracy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of CHOP (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone)chemotherapy on peripheral T cell lymphomas-unspecified (PTCL-U)in patients aged 80 years and over,and investigate the chemotherapy adverse effects and its prognostic factors.Methods Clinical data of 57 patients with PTCL-U confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemistry in Guangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2008 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The efficacy and adverse effects of CHOP chemotherapy,and its prognostic factors were evaluated.Results Of 57 patients,11 (19.3％) achieved complete remission,23(40.4％)had partial remission,14(24.6％)had stable disease,and 9(15.8％)had progressive disease after CHOP chemotherapy,with a total effective rate of 59.6％ (34 cases).The expected 1-year,2-year and 3-year overall survival(OS)rate was 70.2％ (40 cases),36.8％ (21 cases) and 17.5％ (10 cases),respectively.The median survival time was 18.2 months.Among the 57 patients,40(70.2％) had hypoplasia of bone marrow at degree Ⅰ-Ⅱ,17 (29.8％) at degree Ⅲ-Ⅳ,49 (86.0％) had mild nausea and vomiting(degree Ⅰ-Ⅱ),8(14.0％)had severe nausea and vomiting(degree Ⅲ-Ⅳ),7 had liver dysfunction,2 had cardiac toxicity and 7 had disturbance of blood coagulation.Univariate analysis showed that the alkaline phosphatase,Ki-67 percentage,lymphoma international prognostic index(IPI)score,extranodal involved sites(＞1),as well as the efficacy and course of chemotherapy were the prognostic factors for survival time in very elderly patients.Multivariate analysis indicated that IPI score＞2(95％CI:1.12～6.35,x2 ＝5.45,P＜0.01),extranodal involved sites(＞1)(95％ CI:2.58-15.32,x2 ＝ 16.42,P＜0.01),disease progression(95％CI:1.82～12.15,x2 ＝ 10.23,P＜0.01),chemotherapy courses(＞4) (5％CI:0.18～0.79,x2 ＝7.28,P＜0.01)were the independent prognostic factors for the median survival time in very elderly patients.Conclusions PTCL U patients aged 80 years and over have poor prognosis.CHOP chemotherapy has a certain effect on PTCL-U in very elderly patients,and chemotherapy side effects can be tolerated.IPI score＞2 and extranodal involved sites(＞ 1)are the important prognostic factors in very elderly PTCL-U patients.The completion of full course of chemotherapy with remission occurrence is important to prolong survival time in very elderly PTCL-U patients.