The obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) affects approximately 2%-4% of the middle-aged population. It is characterized by obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in repetitive breathing pauses accompanied by oxygen desaturation. It has been recognized as an independent risk factor for disorders such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and sleepiness-related accidents. Treatment modalities for OSAHS at the present time include nasal continuous positive airway pressure( CPAP) , surgery option and oral appliances. However many patients refuse or cannot tolerate CPAP and surgery treatment and randomized trials report patient preference for o-ral appliances. Today, the most commonly used oral appliances are the mandibular advancement devices (MADs). This article provides an overview of OSAHS: its epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and clinical application on treatment of OSAHS with MADs.

Pharmacology of Shpnxueling(SXL),a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpura,and its hemostatic activity were studied in experimental animals. Results showedthat SXL shortened the time of bleeding and coagulation,raised BPC in mice,increased platelet megakaryocyteproduction in rabbit,prolong the time of swiming of 1oaded mice,increased body liver and kidney weights ofyoung mice, increased p1asma cortisol Ievel. Acute and chronic toxicity tests reveaIed that SXL was nontoxicto mice or rats. These results suggested that hemostasis was associated with effects of SXl, which could faci1i-tate division and maturity of megakaryocyte,increase the BPC,accelerate coagulation and regulate the functionof endocrine. SXL could resist fatigue,endure hypoxia,faciIitate growth. lt is safe and nontoxic in its use of'SXL.

BACKGROUND:The analysis of gas flow in upper respiratory tract of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome contributes to further understanding the correlation of anatomical structure and function of upper respiratory tract so as to know the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. OBJECTIVE:To establish the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, to study the characteristics of airflow dynamics in upper respiratory tract in above patients, and to lay the foundation for further exploring the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. METHODS:CT scan of the upper airway was performed with a moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome patient. Data stored in DICOM format were imported in Mimics 10.01 software, and processed, and then computational fluid dynamics model was built. ANSYS ICEM CFD14.0 was used to perform the grid division of the three-dimensional model. The internal flow of upper respiratory tract was simulated by ANSYS 14.0-Fluid Dynamics, and relevant information on airflow field of upper airway was obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of upper airway wasestablished with 1 751 940 elements and 303 981 nodes of upper airway. The flow rate was 11.087 m/s in the lower bound of pharyngopalatiae, which was the most narrowed areas of upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. The three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of upper airway has accurately simulated biomechanical feature of human, which provides a foundation for further studying the airflow dynamics of upper respiratory tract of patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of palliative drainage to pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma which could not be excised with the operation.Methotis A retrospective study was accomplished on the palliative drainage treatment of 68 patients with pancreatic and petiampullary carcinoma hospitalized from 1996 to 2003.Results The disease course was two days to eight months.A definite preoperative diagnosis was made for 64 cases.Among them.single test diagnosed 24 cases and multiple tests diagnosed 40 cases.56 patients suffered from jaundice before operation.34 patients were treated by Roux-Y choledochojejunostomy.Choledochoduodenostomy was performed in 16 patients,cholecystduodenostomy for biliary by pass Was performed in 8 patients and stented internal drainage of the biliary duct in the liver and duodenostomy was performed in 10 patients.After reducing jaundice,12 patients was performed surgical resection.The second operation was performed in 4 patients because of postoperative jaundice and in 3 patients because of pylofic obstruction.The pefioperative compllcations include 4 cases of jaundice pyloric,3 cases of obstruction,2 cases of postoperative bleeding and 5 cases of infection of incisional wound.The aver-age stay in hospital waa 13.3 days(8～22 days).Conclusion Multiple tests were helpful to make a definite preoper-ative diagnosis.The selection of palliative drainage method based on the condition of patients had good curative effect in clinic.Surgocal exploration and reducing jaundice could set win conditions for second operation.

Aim To study the active constituents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the ethyl acetate extracts of the roots of Lasianthus acuminatissimus Merr. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic analyses and their preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammation effect on the release of β-glucuronidase was carried out. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as lasianthuslactone A ( 1 ) , codonolactone ( 2 ), 2, 5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone ( 3 ) ,uncargenin A (4) , nonadecyl alcohol (5) , 13-docosenoic acid (6) , tetracosanoic acid (7) and β-sitosterol (8). Compound 3 showed a significant inhibitory effect on release of β-glucuronidase rat polymorphous nuclear leukocytes activated by platelet activating factor (PAF). Conclusion Compound 1is a new one, the others were isolated from the plant for the first time and 3 is one of active antiinflammation compound in the plant.

Objective To observe the change in interleukin-18 (IL-18) mRNA expression in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis, and to investigate its potential role in the pathogenesis of endotoxemia. Methods Fifty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=6), CLP group (n=36) and recombinant bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (rBPI 21) treatment group (n=12). Tissue samples from the liver, lungs and kidneys were collected to determine IL-18 mRNA expression. Meanwhile, tissue endotoxin level and the indexes of organ function were also measured. Results After CLP, endotoxin levels in the liver,lungs and kidneys were significantly increased, peaking at 2-12h (P

Objective To investigate the changes in Toll-like re ceptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differential protein-2 (MD-2) gene expression in t he liver of septic rats, and to elucidate the relationship between the expressio n of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF? mRNA. Methods Sepsis model was reproduced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg). 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control and 1h, 2h, 6h after LPS in jection (20 rats for each group). Rats were sacrificed at different time points, and the expression of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA in the liver was measure d by RT-PCR. Results The expressions of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TN F-? mRNA were up-regulated, peaking 1h after LPS injection, and then declined gradually 2~6h after LPS challenge. The expressions at every time point were hi gher than that in control group (P

Objective To investigate the effects of different magnitudes of mechanical strain on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1). Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were subjected to 0%, 6%, 12%, 18% elongation for 24h and 48h by using multi-passage cell stress loading system respectively. MTT colorimetric method was used to assess the proliferation of the cell, ALP activity was detected by ALP assay kit. Results The proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was increased significantly 24h and 48h after mechanical strain treatment concomitant with increasing stretching force (P

Objective: To reconstruct a substractive complementary deoxyribornucleic acid (cDNA) library of genes sensitive to mechanical stretch in human osteoblast like cells.Methods: Mechanical stretch at 12 cycles per minute was applied to human osteoblast like cells Saos-2 and the deformation of the stretched cells was 12%. Twelve hours after loading, mRNAs were isolated from both stretched and unstretched cells. Substractive cDNA library of the genes sensitive to stretch was constructed with the technique based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and substractive hybridization. Primary sequencing of clones in the library was carried out. Results: A substractive cDNA library of genes sensitive to stretch was constructed with a capacity of about 200 clones. According to the results of sequencing, most genes in the library were related to the mechanical stimulation. One novel gene fragment was obtained. Conclusion: The method used in the experiment is effective in cloning genes sensitive to mechanical stretch.

Objective:To investigate the effects of strain force on t he expression of osteoclast differentiation factor(ODF) and osteoclasto-genesis i nhibitory factor(OCIF) in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Met hods: HPDLCs were subjected to cyclic strain force for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h ours, mRNA expression of ODF and OCIF were determined by RT-PCR. Result s:After treatment of the cells for 0,6,12 and 24 hours the ODF/?-actio n values were 0.7280?0.0261,0.6831?0.0411,0.5801?0.2230 and 0.4572?0.0373( P0.05) respectively.Conclusion:Strain force may decrease the expression of ODF and increase the expression of OCIF.