OBJECTIVE: To promote the rational use of antibiotics.METHODS: A retrospectively analysis was conducted on the application of antibiotics in 4 186 discharge case histories in 2005.RESULTS: Of the total 4 186 cases,the application rate of antibiotics was 64.48%,among which,56.17% were prophylactic use of antibiotics and 5.89% used antibiotics without indication.The consumption of antibiotics occupied 45.90% of the total medicines consumed.The nosocomial infection rate was 4.16%,of which,23.56% were fungous infections.The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 2.56%.CONCLUSION: The rate for the prophylactic use of antibiotics in our hospital is on the high side,which may result in high incidences of drug resistant strains and nosocomial infections,therefore,measures should taken to tight the control of the administration of antibiotics.

Objective To study the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion on expression of CD40L on peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Methods Thirty patients classified as ASA physical status Ⅰ- Ⅱ undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma were randomly divided into three groups with 10 patients in each group : group A received no allogeneic blood; group B received leukodepleted blood; group C received allogeneic whole blood during operation or within 12 h after operation. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital sodium 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.06 mg ? kg-1 , fentanyl 2 ?g ?kg-1 , propofol 1.5 mg ?kg-1 and vecuronium 8mg and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol (100?g?kg-1?min-1) and vecuronium (5?g ?kg-1?min-1) and intermittent inhalation of 1l%-2% isoflurane. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. Blood samples were taken before operation and 2, 5 and 10 days after operation. The PBMCs and plasma were separated from peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. The PBMCs were washed and incubated with the patients own plasma (final-concentration 10% ) and PHA (final concentration 20 ?g?ml-1 ) at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 48h. CD40Lexpression on PBMCs was quantified by flow-cytometry.Results The demographic data including sex, age, bodyweight and duration of operation and intraoperative blood loss were comparable among the three groups. There was no significant difference in the CD40L expression before operation among the 3 groups. In group A there was no change in CD40L expression after operation. In group B CD40L expression on PBMCs increased significantly on the 2nd postoperative day, but returned to preoperative level on the 5th postoperative day. In group C the CD40L expression on PBMCs kept increasing on the 2nd and 5th postoperative day and did not return to preoperative level on the 10th day. The increase in CD40L expression was significantly larger in group C than that in group B ( P

Objective To investigate the expression of mRNAs for cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (p450 scc), 17?-hydroxylase / C17-20 lyase (P450 C17) and 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3?-HSD) in frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, striatum and midbrain of morphine dependence rats.Methods Twenty-one male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 animals in each group: (1) control group (group C) ; (2) morphine dependence group (group D) and (3) morphine withdrawal group (group W). In group D and W the animals were given intraperitoneally increasing doses of morphine starting from 5 mg?kg-1 to 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg?kg-1 twice a day for 7 days. In group C the animals were given normal saline instead of morphine. In group C and D the animals were decapitated 1 h after last injection. In group W naloxone 2 mg?kg-1 was given 1h after last morphine injection, then the animals were decapitated 30 min after withdrawal symptoms were observed. The brains were immediately removed and the frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, striatum and midbrain were separated. The expression of mRNAs for the three steroidogenic enzymes in the different brain regions of rats were determined by RT-PCR.Results The expression of P450scc mRNA in striatum and 3?-HSD mRNA in amygdala, striatum and frontal cortex decreased in group D compared with group C. The expression of 3?-HSD mRNA increased in morphine withdrawal group compared with group D.Conclusion The gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes decreases in some brain regions of morphine dependence rats, suggesting that endogenous neurosteroids might be involved in morphine dependence.

Objective To compare the effects of four different analgesia techniques on serum IL-6, IL-10 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in patients after hysterectomy. Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients aged 32-54 yrs weighing 45-79 kg after hysterectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): group Ⅰ received patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with 0.2% ropivacaine + fentanyl 2 ?g?ml-1 + 0.008% ondansetron; group Ⅱ received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with fentanyl 8 ?g?ml-1 + 0.008% ondansetron; group Ⅲ PCEA with 0.2% ropivacaine + tramadol 2 mg?ml-1 +0.008% ondansetron and group Ⅳ PCI A with tramadol 8 mg?ml-1 + 0.008% ondansetron. Both PCEA and PCIA were commenced with a loading dose of 5 ml. The PCA pump was set up with an 1 ml bolus with a 10 min lockout interval and a background infusion at 1 ml?h-1. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (baseline) and at 2, 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery for determination of serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and HSP 70.Results The changes in serum IL-6, IL-10 and HSP 70 concentrations were similar. Serum IL-6, IL-10 and HSP 70 levels were all increased after surgery in the 4 groups, and they reached a peak at 24 h after surgery. Serum IL-6 and HSP 70 levels at 24h after surgery were significantly lower in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ( P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lentivirus-mediated heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene on calcium homeostasis in PC12 cells undergone ischemia and hypoxia, and the mechanism involved.Methods PC12 cells at logarithmic phase were collected, and were divided into recombination lentivirus infection group (infected by lentivirus containing HSP70 and fluorescent gene), lentivirus control group (infected by lentivirus containing fluorescin without HSP70 gene) and non-infection group. HSP70 gene and protein expressions in PC12 cells were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot. After being challenged with ischemia and hypoxia for 4 hours, the viability of cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), the levels of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell supernatant were determined by LDH measurement test kit. The concentration of intracelluer calcium ([Ca2+]i) was assayed by flow cytometer. The activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and total ATPase were measured by ATPase test kits.Results The expressions of exogenous HSP70 gene and protein were found by RT-PCR and Western Blot in the recombination lentivirus infection group. After being challenged with ischemia and hypoxia, the viability of cells in the recombination lentivirus infection group was increased significantly as compared with the lentivirus control group and non-infection group (A value: 0.575±0.020 vs. 0.395±0.014, 0.363±0.045,t1= 17.996,t2= 10.600, bothP< 0.001), the levels of LDH in culture medium and the concentration of [Ca2+]i were decreased significantly [LDH (U/L): 743.46±23.68 vs. 935.43±34.77, 962.89±26.68,t1= 11.179, t2= 15.044, bothP< 0.001; [Ca2+]i relative fluorescence: (31.60±2.43)% vs. (41.48±3.33)%, (40.40±3.05)%, t1= 5.853,t2= 5.502, bothP< 0.001], and the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and total ATPase were increased significantly [Na+-K+-ATPase (μmol·mg-1·h-1): 8.608±0.307 vs. 6.728±0.173, 6.450±0.091,t1=9.237,P1= 0.001,t2= 11.675,P2< 0.001; Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase (μmol·mg-1·h-1): 10.523±0.036 vs. 7.910±0.209, 8.064±0.195,t1= 9.718,P1= 0.001,t2= 11.535,P2<0.001; total ATPase (μmol·mg-1·h-1): 17.041±0.324 vs. 14.150±0.182, 13.983±0.085,t1= 16.113,t2= 17.602, bothP<0.001]. There was no statistical difference in above indexes between lentivirus control group and non-infection group.Conclusion HSP70 can maintain the PC12 cells calcium homeostasis, which may be one of the important mechanisms of anti-apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a collagen dressing for healing of wounds induced by fractional CO2 laser in patients with atrophic facial acne scars.Methods Seventy patients with atrophic facial acne scars were recruited to this study,and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Both the two groups were treated by two sessions of fractional CO2 laser with an interval of one month.After each session of laser therapy,the treatment group were topically treated with a collagen dressing for 20 minutes once a day for 10 consecutive days,while the control group did not apply any collagen dressing.All the patients were followed for 6 months.Efficacy was evaluated by the degree of acute inflammatory reaction,time needed for crust shedding and patient comfort level.The length of downtime as well as incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and other adverse reactions were also assessed.Results Compared with the control group,the treatment group showed a decrease in the score for acute inflammatory response (W =312,P ＜ 0.01),time needed for crust shedding (t =2.08,P ＜ 0.05),incidence rate of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (x2 =6.06,P ＜ 0.05),length of downtime (t =3.14,P ＜ 0.05),but an increase in self-reported comfort level (W =172,P ＜ 0.01).No new scar formed in any of these patients.Conclusion The collagen dressing is effective in reducing incidence of adverse reactions and improving satisfaction degree of patients with atrophic facial acne scars after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of preloading the epidural space with normal saline (NS) on the incidence of injury to blood vessel by epidural catheter placement for cesarean section. Methods One hundred and fifty parturients with a single baby at full term in vertex presentation scheduled for cesarean section under continuous epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 50 each): Ⅰ group control; Ⅱ group NS needle attached to a 5 ml syringe. Loss of resistance was used to identify the epidural space. In group Ⅰ no fluid was injected into the epidural space before insertion of catheter; while in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ NS 5 ml with or without whom blood or blood tinted fluid was withdrawn from epidural catheter was recorded. Results The number of patients in whom blood or blood tinted fluid was withdrawn from epidural catheter was significantly lower in group Ⅱand Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ but was not significantly different between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Conclusion Preloading the epidural space with 5 ml NS can reduce the incidence of injury to blood vessel induced by insertion of epidural

AIM To investigate if morphine addiction and relapse to morphine-seeking is related to the change in neurosteroid levels in the brain of rats. METHODS Rats were injected ip morphine (5 mg·kg-1·d-1, 18:00-20:00) and trained in conditioned place preference (CPP) box, once daily for 10 d. CPP test was performed 24 h after the last training. After discontinuation of training for 7 d for CPP extinction, then intermittent and inescapable foot-shock (FS, 0.5 mA, 0.5 s on, 40 s off, 15 min) was applied to rats as the priming stimuli for relapse. CPP test was performed 2 h after FS. When CPP test finished, rats were decapitated and the levels of neurosteroids were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS CPP was established when rats were injected morphine and trained for 10 d. At the same time, the levels of pregnenolone and allopregnanolone in the brain tissues of rats were significantly increased. When CPP was reinstated in morphine-treated rats by FS-stress after 7 d CPP extinction, the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONThe development of morphine addiction and relapse may be related to endogenous neurosteroids in rat brain tissues.

AIM　To study the electrochemical behavior of ofloxacin at Pt/GC ion implantation modified electrode. METHODS　With Pt/GC ion implantation modified electrode as working electrode, the behavior of ofloxacin was studied by voltammetry in 0.40 mol*L-1 KCl solution. RESULTS　A sensitive reductive peak of ofloxacin was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry. The peak potential was -1.35 V (vs SCE). The peak current was proportional to the concentration of ofloxacin over the range of 1.0×10-6-3.0×10-5 mol*L-1 with the detection limit of 5.0×10-7 mol*L-1. The behavior of reduction wave was studied and applied to determination of ofloxacin in tablets. CONCLUSION　The reduction process was irreversible. The element composition, atomicity form and depth of distribution at the surface of Pt/GC electrode were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scannig electron microscope (SEM). The catalysis behavior and reaction mechanism at Pt/GC modified electrode was also studied.

Objective To study the influence on primipara's second stage of labor with the methods of Changqiang-pressing and Vaginal-pressing. Methods 180 primipara in the second stage of labor were randomly divided into 3 groups of 60 each, in which Changqiang-pressing, Vaginal-pressing and general guidance (the control group) were used respectively. The duration of uterine contraction and second stage of labor, vaginal bleeding amount in 2 hours after delivery, mode of delivery, perineal injury and birth case would be evaluated. Results The results in both Changqiang-pressing group and Vaginal-pressing group were statistically significant when compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference between Changqiang-pressing group and Vaginal-pressing group. Conclusions Using Changqiang-pressing and Vaginal-pressing can promote the progress of the second stage of labor for primipara, reduce the rate of cesarean section and neonatal asphyxia, and improve the quality of obstetric department.