Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2(PRC2),a complex that methylates lysine-27 of histone H3(H3K27). PRC2 facilitates chro?matin compaction and gene silencing by modulating the methylation of H3K27,which is thought to be the classical function of EZH2 in several types of cancer. In some other situations,EZH2 also acts as an acti?vator of transcription in a PRC2-independent manner. EZH2 has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in the development and progression of cancer by inducing aberrant histone modification and gene transcription via aberrant EZH2 expression,functional mutation or other mechanisms which are very context-dependent. EZH2 inhibitors targeting the catalytic activity of EZH2 or the stability of PRC2 have been designed for cancer therapies and some of them have produced positive effects. This review focuses on the regulation of EZH2 on cancer epigenetics and the development of therapeutic drugs targeting EZH2.

Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) on macrophage inflammatory protein 1?(MIP 1?) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP 1) in plasma in rats with pulmonary fibrosis. Methods The dynamic changes of the contents of MIP 1?and MCP 1 in plasma were determined with ELISA. Results The contents of MIP 1? and MCP 1 in plasma were significantly higher in PF group than those in PNS group at most time points(125 pg/ml and 298 pg/ml), and correlated with the development of fibrosis. The contents of MIP 1? and MCP 1, close to those in the control group, were inhibited obviously in PNS group. Conclusion PNS may have effect on the prevention and cure of fibrosis by minimization of the alveolar inflammation due to the effective inhibition of the contents of MIP 1? and MCP 1 in plasma.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Bartter syndrome in children. Methods Clinical data of 15 patients with Bartter syndrome in Children`s Hospital Afifliated to Chongqing Medical University was analyzed, and pertinent literatures were reviewed. Results Bartter syndrome is an autosomal recessive inherited renal disorder characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, growth retardation, the activation of the renin-aldosterone axis, normal blood pressure. Genetic analysis is the most reliable way for diagnosis. Comprehensive therapy with antisterone, indomethacin, catopril and potassium have remarkable effect. Conclusions Bartter syndrome should be considered when children have unreasonable continuous hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis and growth retardation. It can be clinically diagnosed by clinical manifestation and hydrochlorothiazide test, and genetic analysis is the most reliable way. It can be ameliorated by potassium and magnesium supplementation, antialdosterone medications, prostaglandin inhibitors and antisterone. Considering the following electrolyte disturbances, infections, growth retardation, kidney failure and even death,Bartter syndrome need lifelong treatment, early diagnosis and treatment is of the most importance.

Bullous pemphigoid antibodies can recognize two autoantigens-BPAG1 (220 000-240 000 ) and BPAG2 (160 000 -180 000). With two specific primers, we successfully amplified a 588bp cDNA fragment of 160 000 BP antigen from human keratinocyte cDNA library in this paper. The result confirmed that lip antigens were synthesized by keratinocyte at a molecular level. This cDNA fragment could not be amplified with epidermal DNA Templets. We suggest that BP antigen gene may be separated by some introns. We will prepare cDNA probes and recombinant antigens using PCR product in order to elicit autoimmunity mechanism of BP.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the significance of diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the histological pattern of distriution of HPV in condylomata acuminata(CA) by direct in situ PCR (ISPCR) technique. of the 25 patients with BA, all 10 cases with typical histopathological features of CA gave a positive reaction in tile upper layers of the epithelium. HPV was also detected in the granular ladyer and whole prickle cell layer of 11 cases of CA with no typical koilocytes. In the direct ISPCR oligonucleotides labelled with bio tin were incorporated in situ during amplification, then immunohistochemical method was used for detection. In this technique the viral existence in paraffin sections can be directly compared with the histologic changes, and can help pathologist to analyze the possibility that HPV is present in the suspected lesions.

Objective To introduce the methods and the advancements of early diagnosis in primary carcinoma of gallbladder (PCG),and improve the early diagnostic rate of PCG.Methods Recent relevant literatures were reviewed.Results It was difficult in early diagnosis of PCG and with a poor prognosis.Comprehending case history and careful examination and being assisted by multiple imaging methods and molecular biology technology could markedly improve the early diagnostic rate.Conclusion Comprehending the progress will contribute a lot of improving the early diagnostic rate and selecting reasonable clinical methods to be used in early diagnosis of PCG.

To identify the clinical efficacy,immunological consequences and adverse effects of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nearly 100 patients have been reported and a 80% of them achieved marked reduction in global disease activity and clinical remission in lupus nephritis.Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody is well tolerated in 90% of the patients,though10% of them had hypersensitivity reactions and 4 patients had severe opportunistic infection.

For the nasal anatomic structure and characteristics of endoscopic sinus surgery, nasal packing is the main method for nasal hemostasis.At present, there are two kinds of nasal packing biomaterials:absorbable and non-absorbable materials.Each kind of materials has their own characteristics.Merocel highly expansive sponge is a kind of non-absorbable material.It is made of polymeric material and has a high hydrophilicity.It is expansive uniformly in the nasal cavity, and gives the same pressure to all parts, especially the lacunae.Its texture is flexible, and it has small damage to the nasal mucosa.The texture of calcium alginate dressing is soft, and it has no toxicity.It has little stimulation to the nasal cavity and small damage to the nasal mucosa.It has slight local reaction and no obviously pain response after packing.Its efficacy on hemostasis is good.Gelatin sponge is a kind of absorbable material.It has high efficiency on hemostasis and few side reactions.It has protection and promotion of mucosa healing, as well as anti-inflammation.Besides those mentioned above, there are many other common materials, including vaseline gauze and Rhine haemostatic materials.By understanding the characteristics of the packing materials, we should select the different kinds of materials in accordance with the type of hemorrhage and range of operation.

Since last century, drug discovery efforts mostly focus on searching for chemicals which can inhibit some specific steps in a well-described disease pathway. However, this kind of highly specific inhibitors can not be effective for complex diseases, like cancer, diabetes, schizophrenia and mental illness. Therefore, we need to rethink the drug discovery and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the strategies of selection of cellular signal transduction networks and their dynamics as the targets for drug discovery and pharmacological treatments will be discussed. The properties and analytical methods of these signal transduction networks, internet sources and software tools for performing these strategies will be described. Strategies and procedures of using network- based drug discovery will be emphasized, including multi-targets drug design and network-based drug discovery.

Medical community and pharmaceutical companies are currently facing a dire need for discovery and identification of new druggable targets. However, the discovery of small-molecule target is an important and arduous task for the biological and medical scientists. To overcome the bottlenecks for target validation, many new approaches are being developed, such as chemical proteomics. As a part of proteomics approaches, chemical proteomics employs small-molecule compounds that can specifically interact with the target protein to interfere with and detect proteomics. Therefore, new target identification, drug discovery and research on multi-target-directed drugs will all be benefited from the further advances in chemical proteomics approaches. Chemical proteomics has the potential to greatly enhance the efficiency of the drug discovery process.